气溶胶粒径吸湿增长与散射吸湿增长的关系

基于成都市2017年10~12月AURORA-3000积分浊度计、AE-31黑碳仪和GRIMM180环境颗粒物监测仪的地面逐时观测资料,以及该时段同时次的环境气象监测数据（大气能见度、相对湿度RH和NO₂质量浓度）,通过Mie散射理论与免疫进化算法反演气溶胶粒径吸湿增长因子Gf（RH）,并利用光学综合法测量气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子f（RH）,探究了Gf（RH）与f（RH）之间的关系.结果表明：当RH<85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加均表现为平缓式增长;当RH>85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加则均呈现出爆发式增长.Sigmoid函数f（RH）=17.34/（1+e^{-2.43·[Gf（RH）-2.15}]）较好地拟合了f（RH）随Gf（RH）的变化形态,其f（RH）拟合值与测量值之间的决定系数（R²）和平均相对误差（MRE）分别为0.97和4.01%.利用sigmoid函数计算Gf（RH）,模拟了观测时段内一次灰霾演化过程中气溶胶的散射系数b_sp（RH）和吸收系数b_ap,二者的模拟值与测量值基本吻合,对应的R²分别为0.99和0.98,MRE分别为2.94%和5.24%.     

气溶胶粒径吸湿增长与散射吸湿增长的关系

基于成都市2017年10~12月AURORA-3000积分浊度计、AE-31黑碳仪和GRIMM180环境颗粒物监测仪的地面逐时观测资料,以及该时段同时次的环境气象监测数据（大气能见度、相对湿度RH和NO₂质量浓度）,通过Mie散射理论与免疫进化算法反演气溶胶粒径吸湿增长因子Gf（RH）,并利用光学综合法测量气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子f（RH）,探究了Gf（RH）与f（RH）之间的关系.结果表明：当RH<85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加均表现为平缓式增长;当RH>85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加则均呈现出爆发式增长.Sigmoid函数f（RH）=17.34/（1+e^{-2.43·[Gf（RH）-2.15}]）较好地拟合了f（RH）随Gf（RH）的变化形态,其f（RH）拟合值与测量值之间的决定系数（R²）和平均相对误差（MRE）分别为0.97和4.01%.利用sigmoid函数计算Gf（RH）,模拟了观测时段内一次灰霾演化过程中气溶胶的散射系数b_sp（RH）和吸收系数b_ap,二者的模拟值与测量值基本吻合,对应的R²分别为0.99和0.98,MRE分别为2.94%和5.24%.     

用ALMANAC作物生长模型模拟冬小麦生长

冬小麦是黄淮海地区的主要农作物。精确模拟冬小麦产量能够帮助生产者获得更好的经济效益。根据实验资料调整了ALMANAC作物生长模型部分参数后,用其对该地区的冬小麦生长进行了模拟,结果显示ALMANAC模型能够较好地模拟冬小麦的叶面积指数和产量。叶面积指数的模拟结果与实测结果的比值为1.0552,可决系数R2为0.7021;生物量模拟的最大误差为-6.01%,经济产量模拟的最大误差为-5.41%。模型还可以揭示影响冬小麦生长的主要胁迫因素。     

Discordant growth in twins

Discordant growth in twins contributes significantly to rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. These rates vary according to chorionicity, timing of onset and severity. We have reviewed English language literature in Medline since 1980. It is clear that diagnosis of discordant growth has improved due to the use of serial ultrasound examination. Following the detection of differences in fetal size, diagnosis is facilitated by umbilical artery and fetal Doppler studies. Management options vary according to chorionicity, timing of onset and umbilical-fetal Doppler studies. The mode of delivery in discordant twins remains controversial. We conclude that ultrasound surveillance of twin gestations, combining serial biometry and selective Doppler studies, is effective in the recognition of siginificant intrauterine growth restriction in co-twins. Differences in etiology and management underscore the imortance of establishing chorionicity routinely as soon as twin gestation is diagnosed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The growth discourse,growth policy and sustainable development: two thought experiments

This paper addresses three aspects of ‘growth’: the discourse, the policy, and the impacts. The growth discourse claims that the central factor for social, economic, political and environmental progress is economic growth – it is assumed to create wealth, and provide the necessary means for social and environmental purposes. On the basis of the growth discourse, different growth policies can be derived, based on different economic and political ideologies.In order to reveal the implications of de facto degrowth, two thought experiments are conducted, for physical and economic end-to-growth strategies. The latter is capable of meeting environmental objectives, but implies significant social tensions and hardships and calls for transition strategies consisting of carefully designed steps.     

Altered levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein proteases in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) are leading causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Many studies have found association between low levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) proteases in the first trimester maternal circulation and the risk of subsequent development of PE and/or IUGR. These results are generally interpreted to reflect decreased production of the proteases by the placenta, leading to reduced proteolysis of IGFBPs and lower free levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), resulting in diminished feto-placental development. However, the association between low circulating levels of placental proteins early in pregnancy and the subsequent development of IUGR and/or PE could be due to low exchange in the placenta and not due to reduced production. In contrast, late in pregnancy, the circulating levels of these proteins and their expression in the placenta are often elevated in PE, which may reflect upregulation to compensate for abnormal placental development, that is an adaptive mechanism to increase IGFBP proteolysis, increase local IGF levels and promote feto-placental growth. Further research into the biological mechanisms underlying these associations will aid the identification of high-risk pregnancies and the development of therapeutic targets for diseases for which there are presently no preventative measures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同生育期Cd胁迫对水稻生长及镉累积的影响

采用水培试验方法,从水稻移栽至某特定生育期之间添加外源镉(Cd),通过递推减法,研究了湘晚籼13号水稻不同生育期Cd胁迫对其生长和不同部位中Cd含量的影响.结果表明,50μg·L~(-1)外源Cd胁迫不会影响水稻的正常生长发育,糙米中的Cd主要来源于水稻分蘖期吸收的Cd在后期的迁移、灌浆期吸收的Cd和成熟期吸收的Cd,这3个关键生育期对糙米中最终Cd含量的贡献率分别为36.4%、18.2%和16.4%.因此,与灌浆期和成熟期相比,在水稻分蘖期采用一些植物阻隔技术可能对水稻籽粒中Cd含量的削减更为重要.     

鼠李糖脂对硅藻生长的影响及其选择性抑藻作用

以尖刺拟菱形藻[Pseudo-nitzschiapungens(PS0201-01)]、双突角毛藻(ChaetocerosDidymus)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaertocerosdebilis)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceroscurvisetus)和新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclosterium)5种硅藻为研究对象,探讨了铜绿假单胞菌产鼠李糖脂类生物表面活性剂对海洋硅藻生长的影响.结果表明,当鼠李糖脂的浓度从0.5mg/L至10.0mg/L逐渐递增时,对5种硅藻的生长表现出了不同程度的抑制作用.通过各海洋硅藻脂肪酸组成的差异分析了鼠李糖脂对不同硅藻生长抑制作用具有差异的原因.结果表明,这种差异性与各海洋硅藻生物膜的脂肪酸组成不同相关,海洋硅藻的各种多不饱和脂肪酸的含量越低,相对应的96h-EC50值越低,鼠李糖脂对其生长抑制作用越强,反之亦然.进一步探讨了鼠李糖脂抑藻效果与分属不同门类的多种海洋微藻的脂肪酸组成的关系,确证了鼠李糖脂的选择性抑藻作用与不同海洋微藻生物膜的脂肪酸组成不同相关.     

农业发展与环境协调性评价及其影响因素分析

利用中国1997~2009年间省际面板数据,在方向性距离函数模型的框架下测度农业环境技术效率,评价农业发展与环境的协调程度,并考察其演变的时空特征和驱动机制.结果表明:农业发展与环境协调性整体偏低,并且研究期内呈现波动状态;不同省(市)环境与农业发展协调性差异较大,其空间分布与经济发展水平、农业生产条件存在着对应关系;经济发展水平、农业结构变动、农业基础设施投资、农业资源禀赋和农业环境管理政策等因素对农业发展-环境协调性产生重要影响,这应是农业环境管理政策创新的重点.     

The growth of large diamond crystals

Large diamond crystals up to 6 mm in average diameter may be grown at high pressures (55–60 kbar) and temperatures (1400–1500 °C) by causing diamond to dissolve in a molten catalyst metal (Fe, Ni, Co, etc.) in a hot region and deposit upon a seed crystal in a slightly cooler region. Several days are required to produce a high quality single crystal. The process can be controlled to produce different kinds of diamonds whose properties have been studied.     

宏观经济走势与新增长动能

增长阶段的转化导致中国经济由高速增长转入中速增长,由此推动了需求结构、供给结构和金融结构"三只靴子"的转化,中国经济触底并保持中速增长的形势要求我们进一步调整经济增长结构,减少收入差距。本文提出了中国经济稳增长的六大新动力,并建议要确立建设高标准的市场体系和高水平对外开放的"双高"目标,才能充分释放新增长动能,推动中国经济有活力、有韧性、可持续地高质量发展。