战略环评与流域水电规划环评实践

简要介绍了战略环评在国内外的发展过程,论述了战略环评的概念和研究思路.在此基础上,针对目前云南省广泛开展的水电开发活动,论述了其带来的环境影响.根据云南省内几条流域水电开发的环评实践,提出了流域水电开发环评应关注的重点,包括相关部门的协调和正确掌握环评政策,关注流域水电建设可能对环境产生的累积影响,有效保护以鱼类为主的水生生物,确定流域的最小生态流量,重视公众参与等.     

喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价

选取地处贵州省喀斯特山区的金沙电厂为研究对象,对电厂周围的表层土壤、蔬菜(莲花白)试样的重金属含量进行了测定,采用模糊数学法对土壤重金属污染进行了评价,采用富集系数法分析了莲花白对重金属的富集能力。实验结果表明:电厂周围表层土壤中Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cu的平均含量分别达0.70,26.40,0.61,44.83,35.51 mg/kg,其中,Hg和Cd的平均含量分别为GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》中二级标准的1.40和2.03倍;电厂周围土壤受到较为严重的Hg,As,Cd污染,各个方向的重金属污染程度大小顺序为西北西东南西南东北东,总体趋势为西向大于东向;莲花白对土壤中Cd的富集作用较强,对其他重金属的富集作用较弱。     

黄河三门峡段基于马尔科夫模型的水质预测

水质变化趋势预测是维护和管理当前水质状况的重要依据,影响水质的有物理学、化学、水力学、生物学、气象学以及人类活动等多方面的因素,在时间和空间上存在相当多的影响变量.现有的基于数学表达式的水质预测模型很难将这些因素都考虑进去,而且预测的是一个具体的数值.利用马尔可夫链预测水质所处状态概率,实质上是预测水质指标带有一定置信水平的置信区间,在可以完全满足实际需要的前提下,扩大了预测的范围,相对地提高了预测的精确度.介绍了马尔科夫模型的基本原理,并且将其应用到黄河三门峡河段的水质预测中,总体效果基本满意.     

AgI-AgBr/硅藻土复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用一步法制备了AgBr/硅藻土、Ag-AgBr/硅藻土、AgI-AgBr/硅藻土3种复合光催化剂,采用SEM,XPS,UV-VisDRS,BET,XRD技术对复合材料进行了表征,并以其为光催化剂,在可见光下降解水中罗丹明B(RhB)。表征结果显示,AgI-AgBr/硅藻土具有最大的比表面积,且在可见光区的光吸收效率最高。实验结果表明:AgI-AgBr/硅藻土表现出最强的光催化活性,光反应40min时的RhB去除率即可达99.8%;该催化剂具有优异的稳定性,5次重复使用时的RhB去除率仍可达90%以上;AgI和AgBr形成异质结,有效抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高了AgI-AgBr/硅藻土的光催化活性;空穴是光催化降解RhB过程中起主要作用的活性物种。     

发展循环经济实现经济与环境“双赢”

循环经济理念的产生,是人类对自身发展过程深刻反思的结果,是对传统经济发展方式的扬弃。20世纪60年代,人们在系统论、控制论、信息论思想的影响下,受到宇宙飞船生存系统的启发,产生了循环经济的概念。与其走大量生产、大量消耗、大量污染然后大量投入治理的老路,不如采用新的反馈方法,更加有效地利用资源,循环往复地使用资源,以尽可能小的资源消耗和环境代价,取得尽可能大的经济效益和社会效益,从而实现经济社会发展与生态环境保护的协调,实现人与自然的和谐相处。     

2016资源循环利用科技创新论坛通知

作为21世纪的朝阳产业,我国资源循环利用产业当前正处于商业模式创新和技术创新的关键时期,如何通过创新商业模式,加快行业技术升级,延伸产业链条,突破目前的发展瓶颈,是行业亟需解决的问题。为此,中华全国供销合作总社天津再生资源研究所将千2016年6月10-11日,在上海举办"2016资源循环利用科技创新论坛"。旨在通过本次论坛,使得行业企业正确把握科技发展与应用的目标方向,突破"回收、分拣、打包"三部曲的传统模式,加大技术创新与引进力度,更好地发挥科技正能量,延伸产业链条,跑赢市场。     

积极参与循环经济努力成为再生资源行业排头兵

中国再生资源开发有限公司作为供销总社的控股企业和我国最大的专业性再生资源回收利用企业,努力拼搏,改革创新,抢抓机遇,构建回收网络体系,立足环保,注重科技研发,现已发展成为再生资源行业的龙头企业,推动了再生资源产业的升级发展。     

热烈庆祝天津再生资源研究所建所40周年

改革开放,万象更新;再生资源,百年大计。2018年中华全国供销合作总社天津再生资源研究所(以下简称天津所)喜迎40周年华诞。在此,谨向长期以来关心、支持和帮助天津所建设发展的各级领导、社会各界人士及合作单位致以最崇高的敬意和最诚挚的感谢!乘改革开放东风,创绿色再生事业。1978年12月18日,乘着改革开放的东风,经国务院批准,天津废旧物资科研所正式成立,是我国最早从事再生资源产业研究的中央直属事业单位。     

气化炉渣的重金属浸出特性及化学形态分析

分别采用硫酸硝酸法、水平振荡法和醋酸缓冲溶液法制取气化炉渣的浸出液,考察了不同提取方式对浸出液中重金属质量浓度的影响。采用改进BCR连续提取法对气化炉渣中的重金属Cr,Zn,Cu,Pb,Ni,As,Cd的化学形态进行了分析。实验结果表明：煤气化工艺中的气化炉渣属第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物;在3种提取方式中,醋酸缓冲溶液法的重金属浸出种类最多,且浸出量最大;Cd和Cr对环境具有较高的潜在危害性,Cu次之,Zn,Pb,Ni,As主要以残渣态形式存在,对环境的直接危害性较低。     

深入贯彻落实科学发展观 加快推进再生资源回收体系建设——访商务部副部长姜增伟

由传统经济向循环经济转变,既是国情的需要,也是维护国家经济安全的需要.再生资源的回收利用是循环经济发展过程中一个必不可少的环节,从某种意义上说,没有再生资源回收体系的建立,就没有循环经济体系的发展.因此,如何认识理解再生资源回收体系建设,如何促进再生资源行业的发展,对于发展循环经济具有特殊意义.     

2×130t/h热电锅炉烟气脱硫工程调试及优化

分析了2×130t/h锅炉配套石灰石—石膏脱硫系统调试过程中出现的问题,提出了解决措施并对运行参数进行了优化。结果表明,在实际工况下,燃用中低硫煤,控制吸收塔液位为7.3m,pH值为5.4,投运2台循环泵时,脱硫系统运行最为经济有效。     

1000MW机组电除尘器的设计及技术改进

介绍了1000MW机组电除尘工程的特点及其电除尘器的设计难点,针对1000MW机组电除尘器设计中的诸多不利因素提出了具体的改进措施。     

Solubility and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in Two Contaminated Urban Soils from Stockholm,Sweden

The solubility and potential mobility of heavy metals (Cd, Cu,Hg, Pb and Zn) in two urban soils were studied by sequential andleaching extractions (rainwater). Compared to rural (arable) soils on similar parent material, the urban soils were highlycontaminated with Hg and Pb and to a lesser extent also with Cd,Cu and Zn. Metal concentrations in rainwater leachates were related to sequential extractions and metal levels reported fromStockholm groundwater. Cadmium and Zn in the soils were mainly recovered in easily extractable fractions, whereas Cu and Pb were complex bound. Concentrations of Pb in the residual fractionwere between two- and eightfold those in arable soils, indicatingthat the sequential extraction scheme did not reflect the solidphases affected by anthropogenic inputs. Cadmium and Zn conc. inthe rainwater leachates were within the range detected in Stockholm groundwater, while Cu and Pb conc. were higher, whichsuggests that Cu and Pb released from the surface soil were immobilised in deeper soil layers. In a soil highly contaminatedwith Hg, the Hg conc. in the leachate was above the median concentration, but still 50 times lower than the max concentration found in groundwater, indicating the possibilityof other sources. In conclusion, it proved difficult to quantitatively predict the mobility of metals in soils by sequential extractions.     

钙基脱硫剂孔隙中SO2气体非线性扩散的研究

以动态生成的CaO孔隙网络为骨架,按照不退行随机行走模型（NRRW）,模拟气体分子在CaO孔隙中的扩散过程,计算了SO2分子的扩散系数和行走维数,并在SO2非线性扩散反应方程基础上,分析了CaO颗粒孔隙中SO2浓度的分布特性。     

循环流化床锅炉炉内添加石灰石脱硫的研究

分析了循环流化床锅炉的特点和脱硫原理,探讨了循环流化床锅炉炉内添加石灰石脱硫系统中存在的问题及影响脱硫效率的因素,提出提高循环流化床锅炉炉内脱硫效率的措施。     

PM10, O3, CO Concentrations and Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles in a School Building

Measurements of indoor and outdoor PM10, as well as indoor O₃ and CO concentrations were conducted and are presented here. These measurements were carried out at an institute building, located in a suburban industrial area in Greece. Both indoor and outdoor PM10 samples were also collected and their elemental composition was identified by ED-XRF analysis. Twenty seven major, minor and trace elements were identified. The measurements took place generally in different periods of institute operation, from June 2004 to February 2005. The indoor PM10 concentrations which were measured during the normal operation period of the institute were found to be many times higher than the respective outdoor PM10 concentrations of the same periods. On the contrary, the indoor PM10 concentrations which were measured during the holiday period were found to be lower than their corresponding outdoor values. Indoor O₃ and CO concentrations were found to be in low level. Indoor PM10 concentrations were found to be in a relative good correlation with O₃ (r = 0.45) and in high correlation (r = 0.98) with CO concentrations. On average, total elements concentrations were much higher indoors relative to outdoors. Based on above findings we attempted to determine the pollution sources of the indoor environment and to investigate some parameters or chemical processes that affect indoor pollutants’ levels.     

Investigation into the effect of high concentrations of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic digestion on methanogenic communities

A study was conducted to determine whether differences in the levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in anaerobic digester plants could result in variations in the indigenous methanogenic communities. Two digesters (one operated under mesophilic conditions, the other under thermophilic conditions) were monitored, and sampled at points where VFA levels were high, as well as when VFA levels were low. Physical and chemical parameters were measured, and the methanogenic diversity was screened using the phylogenetic microarray ANAEROCHIP. In addition, real-time PCR was used to quantify the presence of the different methanogenic genera in the sludge samples. Array results indicated that the archaeal communities in the different reactors were stable, and that changes in the VFA levels of the anaerobic digesters did not greatly alter the dominating methanogenic organisms. In contrast, the two digesters were found to harbour different dominating methanogenic communities, which appeared to remain stable over time. Real-time PCR results were inline with those of microarray analysis indicating only minimal changes in methanogen numbers during periods of high VFAs, however, revealed a greater diversity in methanogens than found with the array.     

Nanocomposites of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals

Nanocrystals were prepared by acid hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose microfibrils. These were topochemically trimethylsilylated, in an attempt to reduce their hydrophilicity. Composites were made by dispersing either native or silylated crystals in cellulose acetatebutyrate matrixes and solution casting of the dispersions. Particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The composites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The unmodified cellulose crystals exhibited better reinforcement characteristics than the trimethylsilated crystals.     

斜气流技术的试验研究与工程应用

针对电除尘器运行过程中出现的除尘效率下降问题,进行了斜气流技术模拟试验.试验中采用不同的调节装置,将气流调整到预定的斜气流廓线模式.分析了不同气流调节装置对流速分布的影响,将优化后的斜气流方案运用到实际工程中,取得了良好的效果.     

A Study of Physicomechanical and Morphological Properties of Starch/Poly(vinylalcohol) Based Films

Starch/Poly(vinylalcohol) blends in two different ratios (60:40 and 50:50) were prepared with glycerol as a plasticizer. Films were cast by a solution casting method. One set of films were filled with 10 wt% of unmodified bentonite clay and another set of films were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin in an alkaline medium. The prepared film samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical characterization and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Significant changes in the tensile properties were observed depending on the different chemical constituents of the films. The presence of clay and crosslinking with epichlorohydrin were both found to have considerable effect on the morphology and mechanical property of the films. The SEM investigations, XRD analysis and FTIR studies revealed the interaction between the various chemical components of the films.