Production of sweetmeat utilising solar thermal energy: economic and thermal analysis of a case study

Sweetmeats are very popular in India; especially those made in West Bengal are extremely delicious and have a rich tradition to back them. This sweetmeat production that was mainly confined to the kitchens of sweet shops and small dealers has now developed into an industry because of its huge popularity with consumers and the consequent demand for it, both in the country and abroad. Unfortunately, the production of Indian sweetmeats is still dependent upon the use of conventional energy and results in a huge consumption of energy. However, since its production does not require high temperature, conventional energy can easily be substituted by solar energy. The use of solar thermal systems by using parabolic concentrators in the production of sweetmeats can be beneficial from many points of view. In this study, conducted in the factory of a processed food manufacturing company, trial runs of the system were made to draw the ultimate conclusion that solar thermal systems can be effectively used in the production of sweetmeats, rosogolla to be specific, without compromising the quality or taste of the product and ensuring the sustainability of a green environment as well. The study also addresses the economic and thermal analysis of the solar concentrating system in terms of substituting the diesel fuel, which is being used in the current production systems.     

Analysing influencing factors of corporate environmental information collection,management and communication

Relevant and understandable environmental information about production and products is needed in any attempt to mitigate environmental impact from production, products, and consumption. This paper introduces an analytical framework for studying the drivers, barriers and enablers of corporate environmental information collection, management and communication. The framework is built up by two main parts. In the first, we sort out what corporate environmental information is and how to spot gaps in information collection, management and communication. The second part examines the stakeholders and company features that could constitute important influencing factors. The framework is intended to support qualitative and quantitative studies which aim to increase understanding of what shapes the flow of environmental information in companies and product chains.     

推行清洁生产实现经济和环境效益同步发展

概述了清洁生产的概念和内容，并以我厂为例阐述了清洁生产实施的办法，收到了环境和经济效益双丰收．     

New eco-friendly proposal for the crystallization of beet raw juice

In the past years we evaluated different strategies with the aim of eliminating completely from the beet sugar factory, the traditional calco-carbonic purification process taking into account the well-known problems related to the utilization of lime and the production of carbonation sludge.To complete the picture of the possible solutions to be adopted for the elimination of the traditional purification process, we tested and evaluated in laboratory and in pilot plants a new eco-friendly proposal.The results obtained, as well as the proposed flow-sheet and some economic evaluations, are presented and discussed.     

推行清洁生产是防治污染的有效方法

概述了清洁生产的重要性，以大庆化工二厂为例，阐述了推行清洁生产收到的显著的经济和环境效益     

Cleaner production as climate investment—integrated assessment in Taiyuan City,China

Taiyuan, one of the most polluted cities in the world, is the first cleaner production demonstration city in China. We assess energy related cleaner production projects in Taiyuan from the point of view of climate change and integrated assessment. In the assessment we develop a rather detailed methodology that relies on a battery of chained models All of the projects improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Still, we find that their environmental health benefit differs substantially. The projects are treated similarly from point of view of funding and the regularatory process. Yet, we find that their cost differs substantially, and there is no proportionality between costs and benefits. The finding could supplement explanations of cleaner production progress that rely on financial and institutional barriers. We also ask if the positive attitude to cleaner production in China may help the country introduce greenhouse gas saving projects under another name. It turns out that some, but not all of the projects we analyse have significant greenhouse gas reduction potential. The possibility for foreign funding as CDM projects is discussed.     

我国推动清洁生产的政策机制

针对我国目前推行清洁生产中的实际问题，提出了应由政策建立起综合强制，激励，压力，支持多种作用的政策机制，以推动企业清洁生产持续实施，结合我国具体的条件，建议了近期和远期的实施措施。     

再生纸厂的清洁生产方案的制定

文章以新世纪纸业公司再生纸厂为实例,充分调查了该厂的现有清洁生产措施,分析企业现有的清洁生产水平及水耗高的原因,在此基础上制定了一套清洁生产方案,结合企业的现有经济条件进行了可行性分析,筛选了现在可以实施的清洁生产方案和远期可以实施的清洁生产方案.     

Barriers to the implementation of cleaner production in Chinese SMEs: government,industry and expert stakeholders' perspectives

This paper applies an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to examine and prioritize underlying barriers to adoption of cleaner production (CP) by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China from the perspectives of government, industry and expert stakeholder groups. First, on the basis of the findings of previous research and literature review, 20 barriers are identified and grouped into four categories: (1) policy and market barriers; (2) financial and economic barriers; (3) technical and information barriers; and (4) managerial and organizational barriers. Second, an AHP model is developed and a survey questionnaire was designed, tested, and refined. Third, the questionnaire was distributed to the representatives of three stakeholders of CP, i.e. enterprise managers, government officials, and experts. The returned questionnaires were validated in terms of consistency and in some cases followed up for verification. Fourth, the 20 barriers were rated by analyzing the valid questionnaires through the AHP model. The top three barriers to CP adoption by Chinese SMEs were found to be: (a) lack of economic incentive policies; (b) lax environmental enforcement, and (c) high initial capital cost. The researches conclude that current governmental policy should give higher priority to lessening those external policy and financial barriers rather than internal technical and managerial barriers. The findings shed some new light on readjusting public policy in order to help to facilitate widespread CP implementation in SMEs in China.     

某厂周围居民汞污染健康风险评估研究

调查某厂环境汞污染致周围居民健康风险.通过对某厂周围环境介质及食物中汞含量进行测定,采用有阈化学物质健康风险评价模型,对周围2 km范围内居民健康风险进行评价.结果表明:某厂周围居民经呼吸道、消化道、皮肤汞的日均暴露量分别为0.5×10-4 mg/(kg·d)、9.35×10-5 mg/(kg·d)及2.04×10-6 mg/(kg·d),汞污染致当地居民健康风险处于可接受风险水平.某厂周围环境介质已受到一定程度的污染,但尚未影响到居民健康,由于汞的累积效应,某厂周围汞污染仍需引起关注.     

以毒死蜱为案例的环境保护综合名录政策的实证研究

通过对毒死蜱生产技术的国内外发展研究,说明山东谦诚公司发明的吡啶双定向氯化合成三氯吡啶酚钠工艺,具有技术先进性、经济合理性、环境可达性,是我国独创的,是毒死蜱生产技术的重大突破。环境保护综合名录认为吡啶双定向氯化合成三氧吡啶酚钠工艺是重大突破,具有技术先进性、经济合理性、环境可达性;通过对产品的全过程控制,分析毒死蜱对人体、作物土壤均有影响但是利大于弊。是可以接受的,被列入环境友好工艺。     

工业产品生命周期环境成本评估方法初探

产品环境成本内在化是解决其环境问题的一个重要经济手段。生命周期评价方法和传统的会计制度都不能提供产品的环境成本信息。而目前逐渐兴起的环境会计制度也多关注与产品生产直拉相关的环境成本，缺乏全过程的思想，要真正满足可持续发展的需要，就必须开发适于其生命周期环境成本评估的方法。文章在介绍传统的成本划分方法基础上，提出了生命周期环境成本的概念及其评估方法。     

电解铝清洁生产评价及其管理系统的开发研究

通过研究电解铝清洁生产评价指标体系及其评价方法,分析了电解铝清洁生产评价工作的特点和存在的问题,开发了电解铝清洁生产评价管理系统.系统的功能结构主要包括系统管理、清洁生产评价指标管理、参评企业信息管理、清洁生产评价四个部分.通过实际运行,本系统可以对电解铝清洁生产评价指标的信息进行查询、修改和更新,能够对企业进行清洁生产评价,是有关部门和电解铝生产企业开展清洁生产评价的有效工具,能有力推动电解铝行业清洁生产的发展.     

废旧电池的管理及处置研究

世界电池产量的一半来自中国内地,中国的电池消费能力居世界首位,废旧电池的随意丢弃和处置方式不当都会造成环境污染.中国的回收现状亟待改善,寻找安全科学的处理方法,使电池循环利用,有害物质无害化,并产生经济效益.调研了国内外废旧电池管理及处置现状,对处理废旧电池的成本、经济效益、环境效益、社会效益进行了阐述,总结了国内外废旧电池处理处置的法律法规现状,针对中国废旧电池处理过程中存在的问题提出相关建议,为对废旧电池的科学管理提供决策支持.     

推进企业清洁生产的总体途径

分析比较了企业开展清洁生产的行为与现阶段在推行清洁生产时企业存在的主要问题和障碍后，强调实施良好的环境管理对企业清洁生产行为的重要性。根据上海目前应加速推进清洁生产的进程，尽快建立清洁生产示范项目的目标和要求，提出了要应用ＩＳＯ１４００１环境管理体系的基本原理和要求，从组织上获得企业对清洁生产的承诺和支持，从制度上保证企业对清洁生产的实施和持续，以及资源的投入，以从根本上解决面临的问题和障碍，实现     

黄金采选业污染防治成功案例研究

河南金源公司祁雨沟金矿在新技术改造项目中引进了清洁生产工艺,可节约生产用水资金,提高劳动生产效率;减排生产废水和污染物等,实现经济和环境效益双赢。     

清洁生产审核实践与评价-以云南保山某电锌厂清洁生产审核为例

以云南保山某电锌厂清洁生产审核实践为例,分析了该厂审核前存在的问题及审核后取得的效果。探讨了在审核过程中运用清洁生产评价指标体系寻找清洁生产方案的方法。     

Environmental management accounting in Lithuania: exploratory study of current practices,opportunities and strategic intents

There is a growing consensus among the Lithuanian policy makers, practitioners and industrialists that environmental policy must move from a reactive stance to a more proactive, sustainable development approach. As a result, many companies are increasingly interested in the application of economic incentives at least as supplements or reinforcements of environmental standards.The Institute of Environmental Engineering (EU Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Industrial Development (APINI – SID)) in 1992–2003 has been involved in introduction and implementation of preventive environmental strategy in industry in Lithuania and in other countries. In Lithuania, these efforts resulted in the implementation of more than 200 cleaner production innovations in more than 150 Lithuanian companies. It should be stressed that effective plant maintenance is becoming a higher priority to plant managers. It is important to ensure cost-savings, at all levels, that include maximizing productivity and implementing energy-saving approaches. Effective and efficient maintenance are not just desirable, but fundamental to profitable business operations. Therefore, central to the environmental view of sustainable development is the concept that economic and social systems are sub-systems of the global environment.APINI's experience shows that decision-makers at the company level often fail to recognize the economic values of natural resources as assets as well as the business and financial value of good environmental performance. Therefore, there is a need to upgrade the business decision-making process by including information on material flows and related costs to account for efforts of sustainable development [Staniskis JK, Stasiskiene Z. Promotion of cleaner production investments: international experience. Journal of Cleaner Production 2002;11(6):619–28. ISSN: 0959-6526, Elsevier Science]. Decisions are increasingly affected by environmental costs. Application of environmental management accounting (EMA), which integrates two of the main principles of sustainable development – environment and economics, can help to significantly improve corporate decision-making.EMA is becoming increasingly important not only for environmental management decisions and development of environmental management systems (EMS), but also for all types of routine management activities, such as product and process design, cost allocation and control, capital budgeting, purchasing, product pricing and performance evaluation.Companies, which use EMA as a part of integrated management system, are provided with accurate and comprehensive information for the measurement and reporting of environmental performance.This paper investigates the current state of EMA practices in Lithuanian SMEs that have already been or are being implementing EMS and which have implemented CP innovations. In this case, EMA is analysed as an innovative assessment and evaluation method of EMS and CP innovation's environmental impacts and economic benefits. It should be stressed, that there are obvious differences in case studies from different industries. However, review of the results shows that there are many similarities in what improvements can be suggested for environmentally concerned companies both in terms of environmentally sound operation and for reporting of environmental management accounting information.