A new categorization of release models using a semi-analytic solution

The spread of cryogenic liquid due to a limited period of release is investigated for the first time to clarify the unclear conventional concept regarding two release types: continuous and instantaneous release. The physical phenomenon is described by equations involving the volume, radius and height of the liquid pool, and there are three governing parameters: the evaporation rate per unit area, a release time, and a spill volume. As a result of the perturbation solutions, the combined model, which consists of the continuous model and the subsequent instantaneous model, is necessary for a large spill source rate, whereas the continuous model is only required for a small spill source rate. This combined release model is more realistic than the instantaneous release model, and it is shown that the combined model and the continuous model are clearly distinguished in the coordinate system of the release time and the spill volume using the analytical feature of the perturbation solution.     

Evaluation of two models of a slipmeter

The aim of the study was to compare the performances of the Brungraber Mark II (BM II) and Mark III (BM III) slipmeters. Friction measurements with the two slipmeters were conducted in a laboratory using four footwear materials, four floor types, and three surface conditions. Both the coefficient of friction (COF) values obtained with the slipmeters and the force platform-based COF values were measured. The COF measured with the BM II was slightly higher than that measured with the BM III with a R² of 0.83. A comparison of the averaged normal force between the two slipmeters showed that the BM II generated a significantly higher normal force than the BM III at a low COF and the difference of the normal force between the two slipmeters decreased when the COF value was increased. The regression analysis results in this study showed that the force platform-based COF values were closer to the COF values obtained with the BM III than with the BM II. The R² values for the regression model between the COF values obtained from the slipmeter and the force platform were 0.90 and 0.79 for the BM II and BM III, respectively.     

Ironic evaluation processes: effects of thought suppression on evaluations of older job applicants

This research explored ironic evaluation processes initiated by suppression instructions conveyed during diversity training. Raters watched one of three training videos: a video providing information about age diversity and recommending that they try to suppress age‐related thoughts; a video providing information about age, sex, race, and ethnic diversity and recommending that they try to suppress demography‐related thoughts; or a control video containing no suppression recommendations. All raters then evaluated a series of job applicants. During the evaluation task, some raters were cognitively busy while others were not. Ironically, busy raters instructed to suppress age‐related thoughts evaluated an older applicant less favorably than raters in other conditions. These results suggest that organizational diversity training including instructions to suppress stereotypic thoughts may have detrimental effects on evaluations of non‐traditional job applicants if raters are cognitively busy when they implement these instructions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

航空公司安全监督人员绩效评价方法研究

为了促进航空公司安全监督人员更好地履行安全监督职责,针对员工绩效评价中的指标确立和权重合理量化问题,建立了包括工作业绩、工作能力和敬业精神在内的更全面的指标评价体系,应用层次分析法构建综合评价模型,并给出综合评价分值的计算公式。结果表明,层次分析法可以用于难以定量指标的权重的确定,提高了绩效评价的合理性和一致性。     

Analysis of business safety performance by structural equation models

Domestic safety performance, which has had gained increasingly greater importance in recent years, is the subject of many studies. However, studies on the application of the structural equation model (SEM) in systematic safety performance model fitness verifications remain scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety performance with the aim at one private representative chemical and food company in Taiwan, for providing the strategy and improvement consult in safety management. In order to obtain the best-fit safety performance model, the Amos 17.0 (Analysis of Moment Structure 17.0) was used to construct a series of SEM competition models to confirm the four various orientations of the safety performance model through the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method. The results showed that the first-order multi-factor oblique model and second-order single-factor safety performance model were the best-fit models. The results of this study will contribute to the related enterprises’ ability to assess the safety indicators and will also be an even greater contribution to the future development of enterprise security.     

Impact of authentic leadership on performance: Role of followers' positive psychological capital and relational processes

Authentic leadership has received considerable attention and research support over the past decade. Now the time has come to refine and better understand how it impacts performance. This study investigates the moderating role followers' positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and the mediating role that leader–member exchange (LMX) may play in influencing the relationship between authentic leadership and followers' performance. Specifically, we tested this mediated moderation model with matched data from 794 followers and their immediate leaders. We found that authentic leadership is positively related to LMX and consequently followers' performance, and to a larger degree, among followers who have low rather than high levels of PsyCap. Our discussion highlights the benefits of understanding the roles of relational processes and followers' positive psychological resources involved in the effectiveness of authentic leadership and how they can be practically implemented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cognitive processes in procedural justice judgments: The role of ease‐of‐retrieval,uncertainty, and experience

In a field experiment with 517 job applicants, the processes underlying the formation of procedural justice judgments were investigated. It was hypothesized that procedural justice judgments may be based not only on content information (e.g., “What are fair aspects of the selection procedure?”), but also on the felt ease or difficulty with which this content information can be retrieved from memory (ease‐of‐retrieval; e.g., “How easily can I recall fair aspects of the selection procedure?”). Evaluations of the company's online application procedure show that job candidates based procedural justice judgments on content information or on ease‐of‐retrieval, depending on their uncertainty regarding the online application procedure as well as their prior experiences with online applications. Specifically, experienced applicants who felt certain based their judgments on ease‐of‐retrieval, whereas all other applicants based their judgments on content information. Implications for research on the formation of justice judgments as well as practical applications are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Affect and favorable work outcomes: two longitudinal tests of the happy–productive worker thesis

This research examined relationships between alternative measures of affect and supervisory performance ratings. The first study showed that dispositional rather than state affect significantly predicted supervisory ratings of performance over time. Since the measures of affect differed on both content and temporal dimensions, a follow‐up study was conducted to explicate the results. The second study found that a pleasantness‐based measure of dispositional affect (Berkman, 1971a) again predicted rated performance over time, but activation‐based measures of both dispositional and state affect (using PANAS scales) were not predictive of supervisory evaluations of performance. The implications of these findings in terms of research on affect and the longstanding pursuit of the happy–productive worker are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Safety performance evaluation of cable median barriers on freeways in Florida

Objective: This article aims to evaluate the safety performance of cable median barriers on freeways in Florida.

Method: The safety performance evaluation was based on the percentages of barrier and median crossovers by vehicle type, crash severity, and cable median barrier type (Trinity Cable Safety System [CASS] and Gibraltar system). Twenty-three locations with cable median barriers totaling about 101 miles were identified. Police reports of 6,524 crashes from years 2005–2010 at these locations were reviewed to verify and obtain detailed crash information. A total of 549 crashes were determined to be barrier related (i.e., crashes involving vehicles hitting the cable median barrier) and were reviewed in further detail to identify crossover crashes and the manner in which the vehicles crossed the barriers; that is, by either overriding, underriding, or penetrating the barriers.

Results: Overall, 2.6% of vehicles that hit the cable median barrier crossed the median and traversed into the opposite travel lane. Overall, 98.1% of cars and 95.5% of light trucks that hit the barrier were prevented from crossing the median. In other words, 1.9% of cars and 4.5% of light trucks that hit the barrier had crossed the median and encroached on the opposite travel lanes. There is no significant difference in the performance of cable median barrier for cars versus light trucks in terms of crossover crashes. In terms of severity, overrides were more severe compared to underrides and penetrations. The statistics showed that the CASS and Gibraltar systems performed similarly in terms of crossover crashes. However, the Gibraltar system experienced a higher proportion of penetrations compared to the CASS system. The CASS system resulted in a slightly higher percentage of moderate and minor injury crashes compared to the Gibraltar system.

Conclusions: Cable median barriers are successful in preventing median crossover crashes; 97.4% of the cable median barrier crashes were prevented from crossing over the median. Of all of the vehicles that hit the barrier, 83.6% were either redirected or contained by the cable barrier system. Barrier crossover crashes were found to be more severe compared to barrier noncrossover crashes. In addition, overrides were found to be more severe compared to underrides and penetrations.     

A protocol for the evaluation of LNG vapour dispersion models

The international transport, storage and utilisation of LNG is growing rapidly. Whilst the LNG industry has an excellent safety record, the possibility of an accidental release cannot be discounted. Internationally-accepted standards, such as the 59A Standard of the US National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), provide direction on the assessment of LNG spill hazards and hazard range criteria which must be met. Modelling of the atmospheric dispersion of LNG vapour from accidental spills is one of the critical steps in such hazard analyses. This paper describes a comprehensive evaluation protocol devised for the 59A Standard, specifically for the assessment of LNG vapour dispersion models. The evaluation protocol is based on methodologies developed in previous European Union studies, which have been extended, significantly adapted and tailored to the specific requirements of the evaluation of models for the dispersion of LNG vapour. The protocol comprises scientific evaluation of the numerical and physical basis of models for the dispersion of LNG vapour, model verification, and validation; resulting in a comprehensive model evaluation report which includes qualitative and quantitative criteria for model acceptance. A supporting suite of validation data, and guidance on the use of this data, has also been produced. The NFPA 59A (2009) standard states that LNG vapour dispersion models are acceptable for use if they have been evaluated in accordance with this protocol.     

Post‐acquisition integration processes in publicly owned professional service companies: Senior professional behaviour and company performance

The client relationships and tacit knowledge of professionals are professional service firms' (PSFs') major value creating resources producing challenges in generating post‐merger and acquisition value and risks of reducing the productivity or losing key professionals and their clients. The recent emergence of publicly owned PSFs and rapid growth through consolidating smaller privately owned firms potentially increases this risk by integrating small firms and their professionals into large public companies that may be governed very differently. This study explores post‐acquisition integration processes: professional behaviours and associated performance implications in two highly acquisitive publicly owned accounting companies. In one company, the integration process was rapid and heavily directed by senior management, while in the second company, integration was more gradual, initially undirected but then facilitated by senior management. The findings suggest that integration processes can impact the behaviour of professionals and acquiring firm performance. This research contributes to the understanding of post‐acquisition integration processes in PSFs and decision‐making and professional behaviour in recently emerged publicly owned PSFs. The study contributes to knowledge‐based theory by identifying factors that can affect the decision authority of executives and how organisational behaviour can constrain the implementation of executive integration decisions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

安全管理绩效模糊综合评价研究

传统定性的检查和评价很难量化、科学的衡量企业的安全管理绩效,而且安全管理涉及到多个因素,同时各因素也占有不同的权重。将多级模糊综合评价方法应用到安全管理绩效的评价中,以职业健康安全管理体系里的一级、二级管理要素为基础,通过建立评价的因素集、评价集、权重集等,提出了利用模糊综合评价对企业安全管理绩效进行评价的具体方法。并通过实例对该方法进行了系统的分析说明,得出企业安全管理绩效的等级,表明该评价方法科学、可行。     

溃坝后果严重程度评价模型研究

为了建立溃坝严重程度综合评价的定量模型,依据现行法规,采用建立数学模型的方法,分别分析并提出了决定大坝溃决后果严重性的3个主要影响因子(生命损失、经济损失和社会环境影响)的严重程度系数及其对数非线性和对数线性评价模型,构造了溃坝后果严重程度的综合评价模型.依据该模型,定量分析了5座水库大坝溃坝的严重性,给出了判别严重程度的定量指标.     

基于全尺寸火灾试验的家用喷头灭火性能研究

为研究家用喷头的灭火性能和喷头动作后对室内环境的影响,分析了住宅设置自动喷水灭火系统的必要性,并以沙发作为点火源,在相同的喷水强度下开展了不同类型家用喷头和标准喷头的灭火性能对比试验。试验结果表明,采用家用喷头和标准喷头均能有效控火,但下垂型喷头的动作时间要早于边墙型喷头。在室内环境条件变化方面,采用家用喷头时较标准喷头在CO浓度方面减少较为明显,约减少59%;在O2浓度变化方面较采用标准喷头提高了0.6%,采用家用喷头较标准喷头能为人员疏散提供更好的环境。     

Differential effects of strain on two forms of work performance: individual employee sales and creativity

In this research, we develop and test a model of the links between psychological strain (subjective experiences of feeling conflict and tension) and work performance. Our model includes two types of strain (work strain and home strain) and two forms of work performance (quantity of individual sales performance and creativity). Thus we acknowledge the importance of work and non‐work sources of strain as well as the multidimensional nature of work performance. We test the proposed relationships with data collected over six months from a field sample of 195 hair salon stylists (personal service workers who interact directly with customers and provide services directly to individuals and not to other firms). Results demonstrate a positive relation between work strain and individual employee sales performance and a negative relation between home strain and employee creativity at work. Leader–member exchange moderated the effects of work strain and home strain on creativity. We discuss findings and implications, emphasizing multiple roles, the importance of differentiating types of strain, and the multidimensionality of work performance. We conclude by suggesting that strain may be particularly relevant to work performance of employees in jobs like those in our sample which are characterized by high social interdependence and low task interdependence. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The INDICATE safety program: evaluation of a method to proactively improve airline safety performance

A number of recent and highly publicised fatal aircraft accidents, within the Australian regional airline industry, has highlighted the need for operators of regular public transport aircraft to be more proactive in identifying and addressing aviation safety hazards. Despite this need, there are currently few proactive safety management programs that are practical, simple, cost effective and which reliably demonstrate improvements in airline safety performance. This paper outlines a new proactive airline safety program called INDICATE (Identifying Needed Defences In the Civil Aviation Transport Environment) that has been applied within the Australian regional airline industry. To evaluate the INDICATE program, a major Australian regional airline agreed to implement the program in one of its operational bases while another base was used as a control group. Five evaluation criteria were applied to determine whether the program would have a positive influence on the airline's safety performance. These criteria included airline safety culture, staff risk perception of aviation safety hazards, willingness of staff to report safety hazards, action taken on identified safety hazards and staff comments about safety management within the airline. Results from the trial suggest that the program can have a positive influence on airline safety performance, specifically: improving staff confidence in how safety is managed, increasing staff willingness to report safety hazards and incidents, improving organisational safety culture and reducing staff perceptions of the severity and likelihood of safety hazards occurring within the airline. The success of the trial has resulted in a number of Australian and International airlines adopting the program.     

基于EFQM的高危企业安全绩效评估模型研究

针对我国近年来高危企业恶性事故频发与安全生产水平低下的现状,构建一套安全绩效评估方法与模型,帮助高危企业实现安全绩效的自我评估与改进.通过可持续发展、以人为本、社会道德和融入文化等四个方面,提出借鉴EFQM的高危企业安全绩效评估模型的研究意义.基于模糊聚类分析法与层次分析法归纳安全绩效6项构成要素(领导、人员、资源设施、政策战略、生产过程和事故损失等)及其评估权重指标,并划分5个分级层次;构建基于构成要素之间逻辑关系的安全绩效评估模型结构;最后运用RADAR计分矩阵对安全绩效作出评估.     

AHP-Fuzzy数学模型在尘肺综合防治效果评价指标体系中的应用

尘肺病是我国目前最严重的职业病,而实施尘肺防治效果评价是做好尘肺综合防治工作关口前移的基本前提.本研究根据现场调研、文献调查、理论分析、专家咨询并结合现场工程技术人员意见,确定了尘肺防治效果综合评价主要影响因素,建立起了尘肺防治效果综合评价的指标体系.采用AHP-Fuzzy数学模型对企业尘肺防治效果的综合评价.并将该模型应用于实际的煤矿尘肺综合防治中,得出客观的评价结论,从而验证了评价模型的实用性.     

基于层次分析法的企业HSE管理绩效评估

大部分石油化工企业通过HSE关键KPI来判断企业HSE管理绩效,这并不能真实反映企业HSE管理水平。本文通过分析企业建立的HSE管理体系和HSE业务管理重点,给出了建立企业HSE管理绩效评估指标体系的原则和步骤,指出了根据绩效评估指标体系编制审核检查表应当注意的事项,提出了HSE管理绩效评估结果的分级标准,指导企业建立科学合理的HSE管理绩效评估体系。本文还以炼化企业HSE管理为例,给出其三级评估指标体系及权重系数,并论述了企业如何利用该权重系数和审核检查表开展对下属二级单位的评估工作。应用结果表明,利用该方法便于企业量化与对比各二级单位的HSE绩效,通过各级指标分值的图形对比分析,有利于企业和二级单位查找HSE管理上的优点和缺陷,促进企业HSE管理的提升和持续改进。     

基于梯形模糊数的OHSMS绩效评价研究

为了提高职业健康安全管理体系绩效和职业健康安全绩效,有必要对职业健康安全管理体系绩效进行评价。在构建科学合理的评价指标体系基础上,运用层次分析法和熵值法确定主客观权重,再运用乘法集成法确定组合权重,作为评价指标的最终权重。运用梯形模糊数的运算法则和集结算子,计算OHSMS绩效评价指标的评价值,取得最终的评价结果。研究表明,基于梯形模糊数的OHSMS绩效评价方法能够较好地评价职业健康安全管理体系绩效,确定不符合项和改进措施,进而持续改进职业健康安全绩效。