构建医患和谐关系探讨

列举了当前医疗卫生行业不和谐的主要表现,构建和谐医患关系需政府各职能部门、医院、患者等多方面共同努力才能达到目的.     

目前医患关系现状及对策研究

医患关系是社会关系的组成部分,医患关系是医疗实践活动中最基本的人际关系,良好的医患沟通是实现以病人为中心,促进社会和谐的基础．医患关系作为一种最基本的社会关系,已普遍受到人们的关注,它随着医学模式的发展,不断发生新的变化．目前我国经济正沿着市场化的轨迹发展,医疗制度改革也在深入进行,这对构建和谐医患关系提出了新的挑战和考验,要想构建和谐的医患关系,必须医方、患方、社会三者共同努力,国家增加卫生投资力度,准确定位医疗机构的性质,确保广大中低档人群的基本健康等实际问题已摆在我们面前,只有从根本上解决群众“看病难、看病贵”的问题,才能实现医患关系真正意义上的融洽．同时我们还要看到,理想化的期待与非理想化的现实差距是客观存在,融洽医患关系是一个漫长的过程,需要我们在健全法制的同时提高自律的约束,只有以诚信为杠杆、人文为基石,才能真正实现理想状态下的医患关系,即充满同情心的医生和对医生充满信任的病人．参8．     

论大学生如何做人

学会做人是中华民族优秀的文化传统,也是现代社会的普遍法则,中外一致,古今同理.本文从大学生学会做人的理论依据,学会做人的准则及如何做人三方面,阐述了如何做一个人人喜欢的对社会有用的人.     

论构建我国资源安全保障的法律体系

资源安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,建构资源安全保障的法律体系具有十分重要的意义。文章从我国资源安全保障立法的现状出发,指出我国资源安全保障法律体系的指导思想是可持续发展观和科学的资源安全观,我国资源安全法律保障体系的整体框架应当包括保护自然资源系统的法律法规、合理开发战略性资源的法律法规、适度消费与高效利用资源的法律法规、利用国际市场与规避贸易风险的资源安全的法律法规、协调资源供给利用与净化资源安全管理的法律法规,并且我国资源安全保障具体法律制度应当从上述方面加以构建和完善。此外,构建我国资源安全法律保障具体制度还应当制定资源安全预警制度、资源安全押金制度、采取积极的资源安全激励措施等相关配套法律法规,从而保障我国资源安全保障法律的体系的完整与有效实施。     

高职教育可持续发展若干关系论

当前,全国正在进行示范性高职院校的创建,这涉及到多方面的工作.鉴于我国高等职业技术学院由高等专科学校、普通中专、成人高校转变而来,在发展中有的单独发展,有的由多所学校合并组建,其发展的模式各不相同,通过以湖南环境生物职业技术学院为参照,就如何办好高等职业技术学院,提出了正确处理十个方面的关系问题:即办学理念、办学定位与办学行为的关系;跨越式发展与内涵建设的关系;规模、结构、质量与效益的关系;整合资源、凝炼特色与利益调整的关系;“校合”、“人合”与“心合”的关系;科研、管理、服务与教学的关系;示范性院校建设与其他工作的关系;教风、学风与作风的关系;发展与内外利益协调的关系;以德治校与依法办学的关系.参1     

Why social values cannot be changed for the sake of conservation

The hope for creating widespread change in social values has endured among conservation professionals since early calls by Aldo Leopold for a “land ethic.” However, there has been little serious attention in conservation to the fields of investigation that address values, how they are formed, and how they change. We introduce a social–ecological systems conceptual approach in which values are seen not only as motivational goals people hold but also as ideas that are deeply embedded in society's material culture, collective behaviors, traditions, and institutions. Values define and bind groups, organizations, and societies; serve an adaptive role; and are typically stable across generations. When abrupt value changes occur, they are in response to substantial alterations in the social–ecological context. Such changes build on prior value structures and do not result in complete replacement. Given this understanding of values, we conclude that deliberate efforts to orchestrate value shifts for conservation are unlikely to be effective. Instead, there is an urgent need for research on values with a multilevel and dynamic view that can inform innovative conservation strategies for working within existing value structures. New directions facilitated by a systems approach will enhance understanding of the role values play in shaping conservation challenges and improve management of the human component of conservation.     

论实习医生的医德医风教育

医德医风是医生在生活和医疗实践中不断培养而形成的，良好的医德医风是合格医师应有的素质和必备的条件．针对当前对实习医生医德医风教育存在的不足，医学院校要重视医德医风教育，实习医院应加强对实习医生医德医风的强化训练和考核；加强对实习医生的医德医风教育对培养合格的医学人才具有深远意义．     

Maturation shifts in a temperate marine fish population cannot be explained by simulated changes in temperature-dependent growth and maturity

To disentangle genetic and environmental influences on phenotypic traits that influence maturation of fish, it would be useful to predict the expected change due to environment alone to compare with observations. This requires a realistically scaled, species-specific life history model of environmentally determined variation in individual growth and maturation. In this study, inter-annual variability in the proportion of mature haddock in the west North Sea was predicted using a stochastic, individual-based simulation model incorporating a temperature-dependent maturation threshold. This species and region are particularly relevant to the debate about the relative importance of genetic and climate change because North Sea haddock have experienced both high fishing mortality and substantial warming in recent decades. Using observed temperatures in combination with temperature-dependent models for growth and maturation, the simulation model predicted year-to-year variation in length and maturity at age expected for cohorts produced from 1979 to 2006. The simulated proportions mature at age 2 were then compared to the observed proportions in an annual bottom trawl survey. Although the model explained much of the high-frequency variation in maturation, the simulated time trend under-represented the rate of increase in the observed trend in proportions mature. This inability of the temperature-dependent life history model to predict the magnitude of change appears consistent with a long-term decline in the maturation threshold. This result provides indirect support for a genetic change in a key life history trait.     

On Advocacy by Environmental Scientists: What, Whether, Why, and How

Abstract:  Debate about the nature and appropriateness of advocacy by environmental scientists is important—it represents understanding the role of these citizens in our society. Much has been written about advocacy by scientists, and that literature describes substantial diversity in reasons why advocacy by scientists is or is not appropriate. Despite the nature of this literature there has been no comprehensive, systematic review of why some favor and others oppose advocacy by environmental scientists. Through a literature review we catalogued, categorized, and critiqued the arguments used for and against the appropriateness of advocacy by environmental scientists. Most arguments, whether for or against advocacy, are characterized by some significant deficiency. From our analysis of the literature an argument emerges that to date has never been fully articulated: that advocacy is nearly unavoidable, and that scientists, by virtue of being citizens first and scientists second, have a responsibility to advocate to the best of their abilities, to improve their advocacy abilities, and to advocate in a justified and transparent manner. We also discuss the meaning and relevance of advocacy being justified and transparent. We suggest scientists expend their efforts to better understand what constitutes appropriate advocacy and spend less effort pondering whether they should advocate .     

论品牌与规模效益的关系

通过定量与定性分析相结合的方式，从品牌的评价要素美誉度和知名度入手，分析了规模效益的类型对品牌大小的制约，力求揭示品牌与规模效益的关系．     

On the association between the column ozone and the spectral solar ultraviolet radiation

An estimation of the increase in the daily spectral solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the ground is attempted, by using the daily total ozone observations made by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) flown on the satellite Nimbus‐7 during 1978–1992. This investigation has been performed for the high latitudes by employing a recently proposed parametric model for the estimation of the spectral solar ultraviolet radiation at the earth's surface considering the total ozone content and various meteorological parameters.     

关于环境保护与经济建设同步发展的问题

环境保护是我国的基本国策，它应与经济建设同步发展。所以，迫切需要对国家未来的环境发展有所规划，制定明确的生态目标。本文从四个方面，探讨这些问题。１．保护人类健康１２．保护生物多样性；３．管理自然资源；４．保护自然及文化景观。     

On the distribution of public program benefits between landlords and tenants

Many public programs have differential impacts on diverse parts of metropolitan areas. This fact has led analysts to use changes in land values as measures of the benefits of public programs. Using a model derived from theoretical urban economics, this paper demonstrates that changes in land values will only equal total benefits under very restrictive assumptions. Making concrete assumptions about consumer demand, the paper goes beyond previous work to consider the distributional impact of three different kinds of public programs: those which provide uniform benefits to every community, those which attempt to reduce intercommunity inequality, and those which generate improvements in only a subset of the region's towns.