基于系统动力学的建筑施工项目安全状态识别模型构建

安全状态识别可以减少安全隐患的逐渐积累并提高监控的效率.但在安全状态识别方面,国内施工现场安全识别执行力度比较弱,仅仅依靠现场管理人员的监督和检查,主观性和局部性比较严重.从建筑施工企业的安全生产现状出发,对最近发生的一系列安全事故进行调查研究,分析出事故发生的原因,归纳总结这些事故发生存在哪些问题.通过这些问题,归纳并总结了国内外的施工安全影响因素,并在粗略筛选出的影响因子里,通过数值的调整再筛选出调整后的关键因素,作为建筑施工安全状态识别的关键影响因素.以关键影响因素来构建一个基于系统动力学的安全状态识别模型,包括建筑施工安全系统动力学因果关系图,流图等,并通过构建方程来初步完成安全状态识别.     

浅谈企业精益改善四步结构法

<正>精益改善是精益思想的落地,是永无止境地追求消除浪费的工具。山东景芝白酒有限公司在实施精益改善工作中,不断找出传统管理与精益管理的差距,分析并阐述运用精益改善四步结构法,厘清问题现状、找出并分析问题的原因,持续消除企业经营活动各环节的不增值活动,达到降低生产成本、缩短生产周期、提升产品质量、推动安全发展的目的。传统管理与精益管理的差距传统管理问题的处理主要表现在：忽视问题;不花费时间专门研究问题;     

基于微信的大型水电工程安全隐患排查治理系统研发与应用

为了提高水电施工过程中安全隐患排查治理的有效性,通过对水电工程施工不安全行为信息采集和安全风险控制分析,提出了基于微信的大型水电工程微安全隐患排查治理概念和实时交互闭环的微安全控制机制,包括:精益-实时采集,对水电工程中的隐患排查治理精确到具体的执行、计划和监督者以及隐患发生的位置;快捷-反馈驱动,隐患提出上报与整改执行者、监督者实现交互实时反馈机制,通过反馈不断找到正确的控制策略;扁平-闭环控制,安全隐患从发现、识别、整改到数据挖掘和利用一体化持续循环,扁平化闭环管理控制。研发的微安全系统在白鹤滩、乌东德等大型水电工程中取得成功应用,对同类土木工程也具有应用价值。     

环球要刊

正英国IOSH Magazine 2019年3月刊LSS对安全管理的启示精益六西格玛(LSS)是高效低浪费的精益生产与六西格玛管理的结合体。LSS的核心是减少浪费、突出重点、现场巡视、全员参与。通过减少浪费和不必要的活动降低生产风险;通过可视化管理,突出重要风险信息;通过现场巡视,发现问题并听取员工建议;通过全员参与,让现场巡     

老码头安全隐患问题研究

码头是经济发展的重要角色,但建造年代久远的老码头存在一些安全隐患,为了改善老码头的安全隐患,企业管理人员必须重视码头安全隐患的现状,建立完整的安全生产监管体系、落实安全防护设施、开展安全评价工作、加强作业人员培训、提高安全意识以保障码头作业人员安全。     

基于BP神经网络的煤矿安全预警评估机制研究

从预警预控机制出发,针对煤矿安全生产的特点对其安全隐患进行识别,从而构建由人员行为、自然因素、组织管理等影响安全状态的预警体系。提出了基于BP神经网络的安全预警评估模型,并给出了模型的实例检验,建立了预警预控的运作流程,为煤矿安全生产的长效机制提供决策支持。     

基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型设计

针对水电工程智能安全管控体系建设的问题,根据以信息化建造、数字大坝、智能大坝为特征的发展阶段趋势,运用安全系统理论,结合大数据、人工智能及云计算等最新信息技术,提出水电工程智能安全管理的内涵特征、层次结构、基础要素及技术体系,建立基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型。该模型借助数据感知技术,以推动人、机、环境三元融合为目标,形成基于群智数据协同的水电工程智能安全管控体系。以大渡河金川水电站为例,在该模型下实现了安全管理的风险识别、全面感知、智能管控和实时预警,为水电工程智能安全管控和智慧高效决策提供支撑。     

基于深度学习的工程结构损伤识别研究进展

为避免或减轻工程结构在建造和运营期间因结构振动产生不同程度损伤,造成安全隐患危及人们生命财产安全,针对结构振动损伤识别技术展开研究,探讨不同深度学习方法发展情况及其利弊,寻找更具可行性的损伤识别方法,并对其最新研究及应用现状进行全面综述。研究结果表明:应用深度学习开发新的结构损伤识别技术,无需冗余的数据预处理以及手工提取损伤特征,实现以较高精度实现损伤识别任务;一维卷积神经网络（1D-CNN）以其独特的应用优势,在数据样本有限条件下较二维卷积神经网络（2D-CNN）表现更为出色。研究结果可为数据驱动的结构损伤识别问题提供新思路,进一步完善土木结构健康监测研究体系。     

AP1000核电工程施工现场HSE可视化管理

三代核电AP1000堆型机组建造中需要大量的施工资源(人、施工机具等),且施工现场作业环境复杂,人员及施工机具分布密度较大,使得安全风险较大,为确保现场作业人员能快速识别作业区域是否具备作业安全条件,通过应用可视化管理理论,研发了施工现场人员授权培训、施工机具安全状态及作业环境的可视化系统。     

基于人工智能视频分析的选煤厂安全管理研究

为提高选煤厂安全监控的智能化水平,降低人力值守消耗,利用深度神经网络构建面向选煤厂安全管理的人工智能(AI)视频分析系统,首先,设计深度神经网络算法,实时检测分析典型场景视频目标,构建监控预警管理系统;然后,建立人、机、环的视频安全预警机制,实现对选煤厂现场作业人员不安全行为的视频分析、物的不安全状态的视频识别和环境危险因素的视频判断。结果表明:该系统通过对人、机、环信息的获取、处理和反馈,能够实现及时预警消除安全隐患,提高作业过程的安全系数。     

An integrated safety management with construction management using 4D CAD model

This paper describes an integrated system for safety and construction management using the 4D CAD model. Safety is integrated with the construction management process throughout design, planning and control phases. Design information about building components and planning information about activities has been gathered to formulate the 4D CAD model. The rule-based system analyzes this combined information to automatically detect any working-at-height hazards and also indicates necessary safety measures in terms of activities and requirements. These safety measures are inserted into the construction schedule and visualized on the 4D CAD together with the other construction sequences. A prototype is developed and verified with a project case study. The results show that the developed system can be a collaboration tool for designers, project engineers, safety officers, and other project participants. It can raise safety awareness of the team and it leads to revisions of design and plan to be consistent with safety. Safety measures are apparently on the schedule; therefore, right resources are allocated, safety constraints are considered and alleviated ahead of time, and the safety control can explicitly refer to as well. This contributes to the success of safety management in the construction industry.     

Evaluating the stability of a freestanding Mast Climbing Work Platform

Mast Climbing Work Platforms (MCWPs) are becoming more common at construction sites and are being used as an alternative to traditional scaffolding. Although their use is increasing, little to no published information exists on the potential safety hazards they could pose for workers. As a last line of defense, a personal fall-arrest system can be used to save a worker in a fall incident from the platform. There has been no published information on whether it is safe to use such a personal fall-arrest system with MCWPs. In this study, the issues of concern for occupational safety included: (a) the overall stability of the freestanding mast climber during a fall-arrest condition and (b) whether that fall-arrest system could potentially present safety hazards to other workers on the platform during a fall-arrest condition. This research project investigated those safety concerns with respect to the mast climber stability and the workers using it by creating fall-arrest impact forces that are transmitted to the equipment and by subsequently observing the movement of the mast climber and the working deck used by the workers. This study found that when the equipment was erected and used according to the manufacturer's recommendations during a fall-arrest condition, destabilizing forces were very small and there were no signs of potential of MCWP collapse. However, potential fall hazards could be presented to other workers on the platform during a fall arrest. Workers near an open platform are advised to wear a personal fall-arrest system to reduce the risk of being ejected. Due to the increasing use of MCWPs at construction sites, there is a corresponding need for evidence and science-based safety guidelines or regulations and further research should be conducted to continue to fill the knowledge gap with MCWP equipment.     

Qualitative Assessment for Inherently Safer Design (QAISD) at preliminary design stage

Conventional hazard evaluation techniques such as what-if checklist and hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies are often used to recognise potential hazards and recommend possible solutions. They are used to reduce any potential incidents in the process plant to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) level. Nevertheless, the suggested risk reduction alternatives merely focus on added passive and active safety systems rather than preventing or minimising the inherent hazards at source through application of inherently safer design (ISD) concept. One of the attributed reasons could be the shortage of techniques or tools to support implementation of the concept. Thus, this paper proposes a qualitative methodology that integrates ISD concept with hazard review technique to identify inherent hazards and generate ISD options at early stage of design as proactive measures to produce inherently safer plant. A modified theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) hazard review method is used in this work to identify inherent hazards, whereby an extended inherent safety heuristics tool is developed based on established ISD principles to create potential ISD options. The developed method namely Qualitative Assessment for Inherently Safer Design (QAISD) could be applied during preliminary design stage and the information required to apply the method would be based on common process and safety database of the studied process. However, user experiences and understanding of inherent safety concept are crucial for effective utilisation of the QAISD. This qualitative methodology is applied to a typical batch reactor of toluene nitration as a case study. The results show several ISD strategies that could be considered at early stage of design in order to prevent and minimise the potential of thermal runaway in the nitration process.     

重大危险源监测预警实用性平台的研究与实践

以正在实施中的"江苏省重大危险源监测预警中心"科技公共服务平台项目为背景,提出江苏省重大危险源监测预警的宏观框架建设构想;根据我国在安全生产领域强化重大危险源监管的总体要求,从深化、完善重大危险源监控体系建设出发,将重大危险源监督管理划分为两大体系,即基于网络化的固定重大危险源监控体系和基于GIS,GPS的移动重大危险源监控体系,以及配套的重大危险源装置检测与预警系统、事故原因鉴证与仿真系统、重大事故隐患整治系统;同时需要有相应的技术基础研究与重大危险源基础数据与重大事故隐患评估整治数据系统作为技术支持。该项研究与实践是落实"科学发展观"、以科学技术来支撑安全生产监管成效的重大举措,必将对江苏省和全国的安全生产事业产生积极影响并具有重大现实意义。     

Does the potential safety risk affect whether particular construction hazards are recognized or not?

Introduction: Evidence from the global construction industry suggests that an unacceptable number of safety hazards remain unrecognized in construction workplaces. Unfortunately, there isn’t a sufficient understanding of why particular safety hazards remain unrecognized. Such an understanding is important to address the issue of poor hazard recognition and develop remedial interventions. A recent exploratory effort provided anecdotal evidence that workers often fail to recognize safety hazards that are expected to impose relatively lower levels of safety risk. In other words, the research demonstrated that the underlying risk imposed by a safety hazard can affect whether a hazard will be recognized or not. Method: The presented research focused on empirically testing this preliminary finding. More specifically, the study tested the proposition that Construction workers are more likely to recognize safety hazards that impose higher levels of safety risk than those that impose relatively lower levels of safety risk. The research goals were accomplished through a number of steps. First, a set of 16 construction case images depicting a variety of construction operations that included a number of known safety hazards was presented to a panel of four construction safety experts. The experts were tasked with examining each of the known safety hazards and providing a rating of the relative safety risk that the individual hazards impose. Having obtained an estimate of the underlying safety risk, a hazard recognition activity was administered to 287 workers recruited from 57 construction workplaces in the United States. The hazard recognition activity involved the examination of a random sample of two construction case images that were previously examined by the expert panel and reporting relevant safety hazards. Results: The results of the study provided support for the proposition that workers are more likely to recognize hazards that impose relatively higher levels of safety risk. Practical Applications: The findings of the study can be leveraged to improve existing hazard recognition methods and develop more robust interventions to address the issue of poor hazard recognition levels.     

CSHM: Web-based safety and health monitoring system for construction management

INTRODUCTION: This paper describes a web-based system for monitoring and assessing construction safety and health performance, entitled the Construction Safety and Health Monitoring (CSHM) system. METHOD: The design and development of CSHM is an integration of internet and database systems, with the intent to create a total automated safety and health management tool. A list of safety and health performance parameters was devised for the management of safety and health in construction. A conceptual framework of the four key components of CSHM is presented: (a) Web-based Interface (templates); (b) Knowledge Base; (c) Output Data; and (d) Benchmark Group. RESULTS: The combined effect of these components results in a system that enables speedy performance assessment of safety and health activities on construction sites. With the CSHM's built-in functions, important management decisions can theoretically be made and corrective actions can be taken before potential hazards turn into fatal or injurious occupational accidents. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: As such, the CSHM system will accelerate the monitoring and assessing of performance safety and health management tasks.     

环境风险源及其分类方法研究

环境风险源的分类是进行环境风险源识别和监管的基础.已有的以人的安全为主要关注对象的重大危险源管理,对事故的潜在环境危害考虑欠缺,无法体现事故可能产生的环境风险影响.阐明环境风险源的基本概念,比较环境风险源与危险源的区别,针对环境风险源的特点,从环境受体、危害物质状态和风险传播方式3个方面提出了环境风险源的分类方法.实际应用中,环境风险源的分类需综合考虑当地环境管理需求、环境受体状况、主要危害物质类别等,选择合适的分类方法.     

海湾大桥施工动态安全预警系统的研究

针对海上施工建设单位多、人员复杂、受气象灾害影响大,而目前没有施工安全预警系统的现状,提出青岛海湾大桥施工动态安全预警系统。该系统分为8个模块,从静态的管理机构、动态的现场安全状况和管理方法上进行施工安全管理。其中,静态的管理机构是管理的基础;动态的现场安全状况是全面、及时反映施工现场情况,便于及时发现问题,进行环境预警,而且有利于实现施工建设业主、施工方和监理方3方的相互监督。形成了一个较为全面系统的安全管理体系,建立了涵盖施工建设工程3方的预警管理系统,实现动态的安全管理、环境灾害预警和办公自动化。