喹啉降解菌Rhodococcus sp.QL2的分离鉴定及降解特性

从某焦化厂生物处理系统的活性污泥中驯化、分离出1株能以喹啉为唯一碳、氮、能源生长代谢的菌株QL2.经过对其形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA序列分析鉴定该菌株为红球菌属 (Rhodococcus sp.).研究表明,菌株QL2利用喹啉生长的适宜温度为35～42℃,培养基初始pH为8～9,摇床转速为150　r/min.外加氮源能促进菌株的生长,其中无机氮比有机氮、铵态氮比硝态氮更利于细菌的生长.在喹啉初始浓度为60～680　mg/L范围内菌株QL2降解喹啉符合零级动力学方程.喹啉初始浓度为150　mg/L时在8　h内完全降解,TOC去除率14 h内可达到70%.降解过程中产生有颜色的物质,且杂环上的氮原子以氨氮的形式被释放.通过HPLC及GC/MS分析出喹啉降解过程中的主要中间产物为2-羟基喹啉.该菌底物利用范围广,能降解苯酚、萘、吡啶等多种芳香族化合物.     

两株喹啉降解菌代谢途径的分析

从焦化废水处理系统中分离得到2 株以喹啉为唯一碳源和氮源生长代谢的降解菌,经形态、生理生化特征及16S rRNA 基因的序列分析初步鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.QG6 和Rhodococcus sp.QL2. 2 株菌对喹啉均表现出良好的降解性能,当喹啉初始浓度为150mg/L 时,均能在8h 内降解完全. QG6 对TOC 去除率高于QL2.采用HPLC 检测到2 株菌的中间产物不尽相同,所有被检出的中间产物均比喹啉极性强.GC/MS 鉴定结果显示,QG6 的中间产物有2-羟基喹啉、8-羟基香豆素和2,3-二羟基苯丙酸,QL2 的中间产物包括2-羟基喹啉、2,6-二羟基喹啉和8-羟基香豆素.探讨了降解喹啉的2 条不同代谢途径.     

喹啉降解菌Rhodococcus sp.QL2的分离鉴定及降解特性

从某焦化厂生物处理系统的活性污泥中驯化、分离出1株能以喹啉为唯一碳、氮、能源生长代谢的菌株QL2.经过对其形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA序列分析鉴定该菌株为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.).研究表明,菌株QL2利用喹啉生长的适宜温度为35～42℃,培养基初始pH为8～9,摇床转速为150 r/min.外加氮源能促进菌株的生长,其中无机氮比有机氮、铵态氮比硝态氮更利于细菌的生长.在喹啉初始浓度为60～680 mg/L范围内菌株QL2降解喹啉符合零级动力学方程.喹啉初始浓度为150 mg/L时在8 h内完全降解,TOC去除率14 h内可达到70%.降解过程中产生有颜色的物质,且杂环上的氮原子以氨氮的形式被释放.通过HPLC及GC/MS分析出喹啉降解过程中的主要中间产物为2-羟基喹啉.该菌底物利用范围广,能降解苯酚、萘、吡啶等多种芳香族化合物.     

Shinella zoogloeoides BC026对吡啶的降解特性研究

从首钢焦化厂的污水处理系统中分离1株能以吡啶为唯一碳、氮源的细菌BC026,它具有自絮凝特性,对卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素和壮观霉素具有抗性,可在阿须贝无氮培养基中良好生长.通过16S rRNA序列分析和Biolog微生物鉴定系统鉴定,确定该菌为Shinella zoogloeoides.纯菌对单基质的降解实验表明,在30℃、180 r/min和pH为7的条件下,当投菌量为0.1 g/L时,BC026可在17 h内将400 mg/L吡啶完全降解;在吡啶初始浓度为99～1 806 mg/L的无机盐培养基中,BC026均能保持降解活性,较高初始浓度的吡啶对BC026的生长产生一定抑制,但BC026在适应后对吡啶的降解速率较快;降解最适温度为30～35℃,最适pH为8.BC026对吡啶的代谢途径研究表明：降解的第一步是断开吡啶的2条C—N链,生成氨氮和戊二醛,随后戊二醛被氧化为戊二酸,并最终转化为二氧化碳和水;吡啶中的氮有59.5%转化成氨氮.     

睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌对喹啉的微生物降解途径的研究

从油制气废水的活性污泥中分离得到一株可以在好氧条件下利用喹啉作为唯一碳源和能源的睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌 (Co mamonastestosteroni,编号为Q10 ) .浓度为 2 5 0mg L的喹啉可被该菌完全降解 ,TOC去除率为 70 % .实验结果表明喹啉首先降解为 1H— 2 氧喹啉 ,然后继续转化为 6 羟基— 1H— 2 氧喹啉、5 ,6 二羟基— 1H— 2 氧喹啉和 5 羟基— 6 (2 羧基乙烯基 )—1H— 2 吡啶酮 ,由此提出该菌降解喹啉的一种可能途径 .样品中还发现少量的 8 羟基— 1H— 2 氧喹啉 ,表明菌Q10 对喹啉的降解可能是通过以一种途径为主的多种途径进行的 .     

1株低温石油烃降解菌的分类鉴定及降解特性研究

从渤海油船泄漏区域的海底泥中筛选到1株能降解柴油的低温石油烃降解菌T7-2,初步鉴定为红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis).研究表明,利用工业乙醇无机盐培养基培养液体种子是适宜的,其最适温度和pH分别为15℃和7.8,工业乙醇最适加入量为0.5％,菌体浓度为10⁸ CFU/mL.接种人工海水烃降解培养基后,通过补加氮源 (NH₄)₂SO₄ 2.64　g/L、磷源Na₂HPO₄ 2.5 g/L和酵母粉 0.015 g/L后,15℃振荡培养7　d,降解率可以达到73.2％.该菌降解烷烃的范围很广泛,C12～C36均有不同程度的降解.     

焦化废水处理系统中喹啉降解菌的种群特征

从首钢及武钢焦化废水处理系统中分离筛选出10 株高效喹啉降解细菌,16S rRNA 鉴定表明它们分别属于假单胞菌及丛毛单胞菌2个属.对这些高效降解菌进行了降解基因片断的PCR 扩增,发现所有假单胞菌属的喹啉降解菌均含有编码转化喹啉为2-羟基喹啉和2,8-二羟基喹啉的基因片断.16S rRNA 与降解基因系统发育树的对比分析,表明细菌进化过程中可能存在的基因突变和水平基因转移现象.根据假单胞菌属的喹啉降解菌降解基因的特异性,利用荧光原位杂交技术对该菌在首钢活性污泥中的种群空间分布进行了检测.另外,对高效降解菌的质粒分布做了初步的探讨,发现喹啉降解基因可能主要编码在细菌的染色体上.     

喹啉降解菌Rhodococcus sp.的降解特性与生物强化作用

以喹啉为唯一碳氮源从某焦化废水处理厂活性污泥中筛选出一株喹啉降解菌菌株红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.)KDQ2,其在24h内能将400mg/L喹啉降解96%,降解的最适条件为37℃和pH6~9,降解动力学符合Haldane方程.KDQ2能利用吡啶,但不能利用苯酚;在喹啉、吡啶和苯酚共存条件下,150mg/L吡啶和400mg/L苯酚不影响150mg/L喹啉在1d时的降解效率.KDQ2能适应含有高浓度苯酚、吡啶和喹啉等污染物的焦化废水环境条件,可以与活性污泥中的微生物共存,提高实际焦化废水中喹啉和TOC的去除能力.     

O3/UV降解含氮杂环化合物喹啉

本研究采用O3/UV工艺降解喹啉溶液,系统地探讨了喹啉初始浓度、反应后置时间、初始p H、HCO-3浓度等因素对降解过程的影响.通过测定降解过程中的中间产物,分析了喹啉的降解机制及途径.结果表明随着喹啉初始浓度增加,反应表观速率常数和去除率都降低;p H(7~9)碱性条件时降解效果最好;HCO-3的存在明显降低了喹啉的去除率,加入100 mg·L-1HCO-3喹啉去除率降低了42.01%;反应后置时间对喹啉的去除率及矿化率基本没有影响.喹啉的降解中间产物主要为8-羟基喹啉、5-羟基喹啉、2(1H)-喹啉酮、2-吡啶甲醛等,喹啉在O3/UV体系中的降解途径主要由羟基自由基(·OH)、O3氧化剂发生的加成反应、取代反应、亲电反应等.     

白腐菌对焦化废水中喹啉的降解及机理研究

选用白腐菌BP降解喹啉,研究了白腐菌在不同培养基中对喹啉的降解过程和机理,以及喹啉的降解与白腐菌漆酶活力、生物量比增长速率、培养基pH值的关系。结果显示秸秆滤出液培养基中生长的白腐菌对喹啉具有最高的去除率89%;喹啉的相对去除率与白腐菌漆酶活力、生物量比增长速率具有较好的相关性;白腐菌BP最适pH为6~7;2-羟基喹啉是喹啉降解过程中首先出现的中间产物。     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.