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一组不同变质程度的氮含量和挥发份含量各异的煤在小型的流化床燃料器中于各种温度和氧/燃料比条件下燃烧。将燃料氮转化为NO和N2O的百分率与煤的性质和燃烧条件进行了比较。燃料氮转化为NO和N2O的转化率随温度呈相反的变化趋势,但燃料氮转化为N2O和NO的联合转化率却恒定在50%。脱挥发份煤的燃烧表明,燃料氮的氧化与挥发份和煤中总氮的相关性较小。石灰石和白云石增加了NO排放量,但却减少了N2O的排放量。 相似文献
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周一工 《辽宁城乡环境科技》1997,17(5):16-18
氧化亚氮是对自愿氧层具有强烈破坏破坏作用有害气体,流化床燃烧是产生N2O的最大污染源,N2O排放问题已经困扰了流化床技术的发展,所以,必须对流化床燃烧中N2O排放问题进行认真研究,找出抑制N2O生成的有效方法。本文总结了最近一个时期以来对流化床燃烧中N2O形成机理研究的成果。 相似文献
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煤燃烧过程中NOx产生机制及影响因素 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
煤燃烧产生的NOx有三个来源,热力型NOx快速型NOx和燃料型NOx,在1300℃下主要是燃料型NOx。燃煤过程中NOx的形成是分两步进行,首先燃料中的杂环氮化物受热分解,产生NH3或HCN,随挥发物释放出来,氧化生成NOx残留在煤焦中的氮在煤焦燃烧时生成NOx。挥发分中的NH3、HCN同时也可以还原NOx气体,研究表明脱硫用的石灰石、CaO或多或少地增加NOx的排放,认为是CaO催化了NOx形成 相似文献
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周一工 《辽宁城乡环境科技》1997,17(1):81-84,18
煤燃烧所引起的环境问题日益引起人们的不安,对低污染的燃煤烧技术的研究和开发日益引起人们的重视。增压流化床燃烧联合循环是一种新型燃煤热力发电技术,它具有高效低污染的特殊优点,本文分析了增压流化床燃烧联合循环中NOx、SOx、CO、CO2的形成过程,介绍了在控制增压流化床燃烧联合循环的NOx、SOx、CO、CO2和粉尘排放的最新研究成果。 相似文献
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采用固定床流动反应装置,考察Cu2O、CuO、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、MnO2、Ni2O3、V2O5等金属氧化物对NOCOCO2N2体系中NO去除反应的催化作用,同时,分析了NOCOCO2N2体系中金属氧化物对NO去除的作用。研究结果表明,各金属氧化物对NO去除反应均有不同程度的催化活性,其中Fe2O3、Ni2O3、CuO等对NO的去除显示出较强的催化作用。金属氧化物存在条件下NOCOCO2N2体系中,NO去除反应较为复杂,NO/CO气相直接反应、低价氧化物对NO的还原作用、金属氧化物对NO分解反应的催化作用及金属氧化物对NO/CO反应的催化作用等都可能存在。大部分金属氧化物以对NO/CO反应的催化作用为主,而Ni2O3的预还原试样对NO的直接分解反应表现了极强的催化活性。 相似文献
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SO2和NOx对大气的污染及其净化处理 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
燃烧等带来的SO2、NOx是酸雨的主要来源,当SO2排放量正逐渐得到控制时,NOx却还在增长,因而应推广较成熟的选择化还原除NOx法和加强氧化气氛下烃类化合物还原NOx的研究,也应该寻找比石灰石-石膏法更好的除SO2措施。 相似文献
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N2O直接分解催化剂的研究进展 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文详细综述了用于N2O直接分解催化剂的研究进展情况。N2O分解催化剂大致可以分作以下几类,即:(1)稀土氧化物及相关氧化物;(2)复合金属氧化物;(3)沸石催化剂;(4)水滑石热分解产物催化剂。前两类催化剂注重探讨催化分解N2O的机理,而后两类催化剂主要研究催化分解N2O的活性。 相似文献
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农业废弃物对土壤中N_2O、CO_2释放和土壤氮素转化及pH的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用一种丹麦农业土壤作为供试材料,在室内培养条件下探讨了施用4种常见农业废弃物(猪粪泥浆、牛粪泥浆、黑麦秸秆、小麦秸秆)对土壤中N_2O、CO_2释放和土壤氮素转化及pH的影响。试验结果表明,施用4种农业废物均会明显增加N_2O、CO_2释放量。培养2周后,土壤中N_2O的释放量分别为:猪粪>牛粪>黑麦秸秆>小麦秸秆;CO_2的释放量为:黑麦秸秆>小麦秸秆>牛粪>猪粪。施用4种农业废物均会显著促进NO_3-N的转化和NH_4-N、NO_2-N的累积。施用4种废物均会改变土壤pH,其中施用秸秆的2个处理中pH显著降低,但施用牲畜粪便的2个处理中pH则稍微升高。 相似文献
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煤半焦负载钠催化还原NO的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在石英固定床反应器上研究了Na对NO 半焦反应在不同气氛下的催化作用。研究结果表明 ,Na对半焦还原NO的反应具有很强的催化作用 ;热处理温度升高 ,Na的催化作用减小 ;CO和O2 气氛有助于NO的催化还原 ,但随温度的升高CO和O2 的促进作用减弱 ;低温下 ,Na催化剂易于失活 ;Na对于NO 半焦反应的催化作用是通过氧化 /还原机理实现的。 相似文献
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A series of copper-cobalt oxides supported on nano-titanium dioxide were prepared for the reduction of nitric oxide with carbon
monoxide and characterized using techniques such as XRD, BET and TPR. Catalyst CuCoOx/TiO2 with Cu/Co molar ratio of 1/2, Cu-
Co total loading of 30% at the calcination temperature of 350°C formed CuCo2O4 spinel and had the highest activity. NO conversion
reached 98.9% at 200°C. Mechanism of the reduction was also investigated, N2O was mainly yielded below 100°C, while N2 was
produced instead at higher temperature. O2 was supposed to accelerate the reaction between NOx and CO for its oxidation of NO to
give more easily reduced NO2, but the oxidation of CO by O2 to CO2 decreased the speed of the reaction greatly. Either SO2 or H2O
had no adverse impact on the activity of NO reduction; however, in the presence of both SO2 and H2O, the catalyst deactivated quickly. 相似文献
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文章使用固定床反应器在350℃~850℃范围内对氧化铁催化甲烷脱硝进行了实验研究。研究结果发现在有2%氧气存在条件下,氧化铁催化甲烷脱硝的效果最高只有20%,而且在350℃~750℃范围的氧化铁催化甲烷脱硝反应机理与850℃时的脱硝反应机理并不相同。在高温的850℃~950℃范围无氧气条件下,NOx转化率随着温度升高而单调增加,随CH4/NO摩尔比的增加而升高,氧化铁催化甲烷脱硝的最佳效果可以达到将近100%。通过进一步分析发现高温850℃~950℃无氧气条件下的脱硝反应机理是在催化剂表面进行了氧化还原反应,即首先发生了CH4与Fe2O3的气固反应,将Fe2O3还原为Fe3O4,而后Fe3O4再与NO反应将其还原为N2。 相似文献
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Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years,how to achieve higher removal efficiency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application.In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on the electron density,energy and the nitric oxide reduction process in plasma,the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution and the comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in the N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon,respectively.The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3πu→B3πg ) was compared in the wavelength range 300-480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined by the calculation based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines.The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma,thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased,and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N,O and O3.The results of NO reduction showed that the NO conversion efficiency increased in the range of 10%-30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive.This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor. 相似文献
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汽车尾气净化催化剂Ag/SAPO-34选择性催化还原NO 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
评价了Ag/SAPO-34分子筛催化剂选择性还原NO的活性,并运用漫反射红外光谱原位研究NO在Ag/SAPO-34催化剂上的选择性催化还原机理.结果表明Ag/SAPO-34有良好的低温活性,在氧气浓度为3.6%和温度为573K~673K时NO还原成N2的转化率达70%;催化剂活性随C3H6浓度的增加而升高,随空速的增加而稍有下降.基于漫反射红外光谱,认为反应机理为:NO、丙烯和氧反应,在Ag/SAPO-34催化剂上生成吸附的有机-氮氧化物,再由这些吸附物种分解成N2,催化还原的关键是形成有机-氮氧化物中间体.氧的作用是充分促进丙烯活化以及增加NOx吸附态含量,并且氧的存在是有效产生一系列中间物不可缺少的条件. 相似文献
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Iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic
reduction of NO with NH3 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The catalysts of iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO 2(Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2) prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH 3.It was found that the NO conversion over Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 was obviously improved after iron doping compared with that over Mn-Ce/TiO 2.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 with the molar ratio of Fe/Ti = 0.1 exhibited the highest activity.The results showed that 96.8% NO conversion was obtained over Fe(0.1)-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 at 180°C at a space velocity of 50,000 hr 1.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 exhibited much higher resistance to H 2 O and SO 2 than that of Mn-Ce/TiO 2.The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),N 2 adsorption,temperature programmed desorption(NH 3-TPD and NOx-TPD),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques.BET,NH3-TPD and NOx-TPD results showed that the specific surface area and NH3 and NOx adsorption capacity of the catalysts increased with iron doping.It was known from XPS analysis that iron valence state on the surface of the catalysts were in Fe3+ state.The doping of iron enhanced the dispersion and oxidation state of Mn and Ce on the surface of the catalysts.The oxygen concentrations on the surface of the catalysts were found to increase after iron doping.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO2 represented a promising catalyst for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 in the presence of H2 O and SO2. 相似文献