Cu／Fe内电解预处理焦化废水的研究

采用混凝沉淀一厌氧水解酸化一催化铁内电解（即Cu／Fe体系）一好氧组合工艺处理焦化废水,研究了催化铁内电解法用于焦化废水的预处理时,对焦化废水的COD、色度、总磷的去除率。结果表明,催化铁用于焦化废水的预处理,可以提高废水的可生化性,使好氧处理的COD去除率提高,达到80％-90％;催化铁对焦化废水有较好的脱色效果,色度去除率为77．7％-89．3％;催化铁能够去除部分总磷,但是由于微生物生长需要,需在厌氧段补充磷。试验证明,催化铁内电解法是一种有效的焦化废水预处理工艺。     

采用两级电解去除废水中氮磷的试验研究

为有效降低水中硝酸盐氮和磷的污染,采用两级电解法对水中的硝酸盐氮和磷进行去除试验,考查不同电极体系、不同电压等因素对硝态氮和磷去除效果的影响。结果表明:一级电解采用催化-钛极板体系效果最好,60 min后对20 mg/L的硝态氮去除率达到92.30%;二级电解改用不锈钢-钛极板,35 min后对5 mg/L的磷酸根去除效率达到90.25%。实验表明,该两级电解体系对水中硝态氮和磷具有良好的去除效果。     

污水生物脱氮除磷技术研究进展

本文综述了城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术研究及应用进展，分析了目前应用的脱氮除磷工艺机理及其特点，探讨了城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺深入研究的方向。     

MAP法与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷实验研究

以高浓度氮磷模拟废水为处理对象,通过静态实验研究了MAP法（磷酸铵镁法）与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷效果。以MAP法除磷脱氮后的出水作为沸石吸附过程的进水,最终出水的氮、磷去除率可达86．69％和99．9％,且在MAP反应过程中采取较高的pH值和Mg^2＋浓度有利于后期沸石对氮、磷的吸附去除。     

生物沸石与斜发沸石协同强化预处理分析研究

依据《污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002年)规定,污水处理工艺方案必须具有脱氮除磷的功能。通过生物沸石与斜发沸石协同对成都市某污水处理厂进水强化预处理实验,结果表明:生物沸石对污水中的COD、TP、TN和NH3-N去除机理主要是依靠吸附和离子交换的作用;协同强化预处理使污水中的COD的去除率为76.2%、TP为90.7%、TN为84.6%、NH3-N为95.1%,同时保持污水中适宜的碳氮比,为后续生物处理提供良好条件且能够满足脱氮除磷的功能。     

城市污水处理厂化学法辅助除磷的试验研究

针对A2/O工艺除磷功效存在一定的局限性、除磷效果不稳定的特点,提出采用化学法辅助除磷与生物除磷联合处理的试验方案,并以A2/O法工艺城市污水处理厂实际污水和生产设施为研究对象进行试验。结果表明,该化学法辅助除磷工艺简便易行,能有效提高磷的去除率。     

生物脱氮除磷新工艺及发展趋势

本文介绍了城市污水生物脱氮除磷新工艺,探讨了城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的发展趋势。     

利用连续-间歇曝气工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

在对污水进行回用处理时,须开发一种处理效果好、投资省、运行费用低、易管理的污水处理工艺,本试验研究采用改进的连续-间歇曝气工艺处理生活污水。经过4个多月的运行试验,结果表明:该工艺流程简单,无须预沉池、调节池和二沉池;对生活污水中COD的去除效果较好,在除磷脱氮方面都取得了理想的处理效果,COD去除率可达90.6%,氨氮去除率可达70.8%,总磷去除率可达96.1%。     

三种水生植物对黑臭河水的净化效果研究

通过在取样的黑臭河水中培养金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、铜钱草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)、富贵竹(Dracaena sanderiana)、金鱼藻+铜钱草+富贵竹、金鱼藻+富贵竹5组水生植物,研究该五组水生植物对COD、氨氮、总磷、BOD_5的净化效果。实验结果表明,5组水生植物长势良好,对黑臭河水中的污染物均有较好的处理能力。金鱼藻对COD和氨氮的去除率大于75%,对总磷和BOD_5的去除率均大于80%,污染物净化能力相对较好。金鱼藻+富贵竹的植物组合脱氮效果最好,在实验的两个阶段中脱氮率分别达到了78.2%和88.7%。铜钱草的除磷能力最差,去除率仅为40.8%。研究表明,水生植物同时吸收氨氮和总磷时的除磷效率要高于单一总磷底物时。     

钢渣沸石强化冬季人工湿地处理生活污水的应用研究

为构建一个冬季脱氮除磷效果好的人工湿地系统,选用钢渣、沸石及耐低温常绿鸢尾,构建两组潜流人工湿地(CW1,CW2)。冬季(8～12.3℃)条件下,考察两者对于城镇生活污水的净化效果。结果表明,钢渣—沸石—鸢尾人工湿地(CW2)对生活污水中的NH~+_4-N、TN平均去除率为95.46%、95.68%,达到GB18918-2002一级A标。人工湿地对TP及COD平均去除率为75.71%、55.22%,达到GB18918-2002一级B标。低温条件下,CW2仍保持良好的脱氮除磷效果且能耗低,可进行推广应用。     

好氧颗粒污泥同时脱氮除磷技术研究

采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理新疆油田公司准东石油基地污水,作为生物膜的一种特殊形式,介绍了该工艺的优点,在适宜的运行条件下进行实验。讨论了好氧颗粒污泥脱氮以及除磷的过程,分析了该工艺对氮、磷的去除率及好氧颗粒污泥在好氧、缺氧条件下的吸磷情况,当进水氨氮、磷和乙酸碳浓度分别为38.2 mg/L、27.7 mg/L和134.6 mg/L,MLSS和MLVSS分别为7.0 mg/L、6.4 mg/L时,氨氮、总无机氮、磷、乙酸碳的平均去除率分别达到98.8%、90.2%、98.9%、97.2%.     

ASM2G在污水处理中的研究与应用

针对用静态模型常规设计在设计效果与模拟分析上的不足,作者在研究动态机理模型ASM2d的基础上开发了污水处理仿真程序ASM2G,以分析污水生物处理,并进行模拟分析与辅助设计.本文首先介绍了此自编程序的机理模型ASM2d;其次说明了ASM2G的模拟过程;最后,通过对实际污水处理厂的模拟比较,说明了ASM2G在模拟分析上的优势,同时也反映了ASM2d能够较好地反映污水处理的运行状况,是一个较成熟的动态机理模型.文章试图为找到一种经济有效的设计方法提供一定的参考.     

太湖一级保护区水污染成因及控制对策研究

江苏省太湖流域一级保护区综合整治是治理太湖的重点工作,直接关系太湖湖体水环境质量。本文对一级保护区存在的污染问题进行全面分析,提出了严格控制建设用地规模、调整工业结构、优化城乡布局、调整人口结构等减小生态压力的途径,通过提高城镇污水处理能力、加快城镇管网建设、实施污水处理厂脱氮除磷提标改造、推进中水回用和污泥安全处置、完善城镇及乡村垃圾收运系统、治理内源污染等方法进行综合整治,为全面治理太湖水污染提供理论依据。     

浅谈废水生物处理的新进展

综述了生物脱氮除磷的反应机理和几种主要工艺,并做出了相应的分析评价,指出在废水生化处理中生物脱氮除磷因工艺简单、处理能力强、运行方式灵活等优点得到国内外的普遍高度重视,并成为当前重点研究的课题。     

表面活性剂促进污泥产酸及用于生物除磷的研究进展

表面活性剂可以提高污泥发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸的产量。经过污泥水解发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸,既能作为生物除磷系统所需的优质碳源,使城市污水达到稳定深度除磷的要求,又减少了剩余污泥对环境的污染。将城市污水厂污泥生物转化为挥发性有机酸并用于生物除磷,丰富了污水生物处理和污泥处理与资源化等研究内容。     

Influence of geomorphological variability in channel characteristics on sediment denitrification in agricultural streams

Within fluvial systems, the spatial variability of geomorphological characteristics of stream channels and associated streambed properties can affect many biogeochemical processes. In agricultural streams of the midwestern USA, it is not known how geomorphological variability affects sediment denitrification rates, a potentially important loss mechanism for N. Sediment denitrification was measured at channelized and meandering headwater reaches in east-central Illinois, a region dominated by intensive agriculture and high NO(3)-N stream export, between June 2003 and February 2005 using the chloramphenicol-amended acetylene inhibition procedure. Sediment denitrification rates were greatest in separation zones, ranging from 0.6 to 76.4 mg N m(-2) h(-1), compared with riffles, point bars, pools, and a run ranging from 0 to 36.5 mg N m(-2) h(-1). Differences in benthic organic matter (r = 0.70) and the percentage of fine-grained sediments (r = 0.93) in the streambeds controlled much of the spatial variations in sediment denitrification among the geomorphological features. Although two meandering study reaches removed 390 and 99% more NO(3)-N by sediment denitrification than adjacent channelized reaches, NO(3)-N loss rates from all reaches were between 0.1 and 15.7% d(-1), except in late summer. Regardless of geomorphological characteristics, streams in east-central Illinois were not able to process the high NO(3)-N loads, making sediment denitrification in this region a limited sink for N.     

Intermittently aerated EMMC-Biobarrel (entrapped mixed microbial cell with Bio-barrel) process for concurrent organic and nitrogen removal

The PEMMC-Biobarrel (packed-bed of entrapped mixed microbial cells with Bio-barrel) process and MEMMC-Biobarrel (moving EMMC-Biobarrel) process were investigated for enhancing concurrent organic and nitrogen removal with applied intermittent aeration. For the PEMMC-Biobarrel process, the EMMC-Biobarrel carriers were employed at a packing ratio of 20%. In the MEMMC-Biobarrel process, the EMMC-Biobarrel carriers with a packing ratio of 10% were added along with the activated sludge (AS) in the bioreactor. Three different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 9, 6 and 4 h were applied. Aeration was provided intermittently at time schedules of 1 h air on/1 h air off, 1 h on/1.5 h off and 1 h on/2 h off. Nitrogen removal in the PEMMC-Biobarrel system was not improved by increasing the intermittent non-aeration time period. On the other hand, the MEMMC-Biobarrel process enhanced nitrogen removal with increasing non-aeration time even though the SCOD/N(TIN) ratio decreased from 6 to 4. Significant denitrification during the aeration cycle was observed in the MEMMC-Biobarrel process. The MEMMC-Biobarrel process demonstrated the most efficient organic and nitrogen removal at an HRT of 6 h with an intermittent aeration time schedule of 1 h on/2 h off. Nitrogen removal of 80% was achieved, which was about 15% higher compared to the AS system. TCOD and SCOD removal efficiencies were 80% and 75%, respectively.     

Denitrification and availability of carbon and nitrogen in a well-drained pasture soil amended with particulate organic carbon

A well-drained soil in N-fertilized dairy pasture was amended with particulate organic carbon (POC), either sawdust or coarse woody mulch, and sampled every 4 wk for a year to test the hypothesis that the addition of POC would increase denitrification activity by increasing the number of microsites where denitrification occurred. Overall mean denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), on a gravimetric basis, was 100% greater for the woody mulch treatment and 50% greater for the sawdust treatment compared with controls, indicating the denitrifying potential of the soil was enhanced. Despite differences in DEA, no difference in denitrification rate, as measured by the acetylene block technique, was detected among treatments, with an average annual N loss of ～22 kg N ha yr Soil water content overall was driving denitrification in this well-drained soil as regression of the natural log of volumetric soil water content (VWC) against denitrification rate was highly significant ( = 0.74, < 0.001). Addition of the amendments, however, had significant effects on the availability of both C and N. An additional 20 to 40 kg N ha was stored in POC-amended treatments as a result of increases in the microbial biomass. Basal respiration, as a measure of available C, was 400% greater than controls in the sawdust treatment and 250% greater than controls in the mulch. Net N mineralization, however, was significantly lower in the sawdust treatment, resulting in significantly lower nitrate N levels than in the control. We attribute the lack of measured response in denitrification rate to the high temporal variability in denitrification and suggest that diffusion of nitrate may ultimately have limited denitrification in the amended treatments. Our data indicate that manipulation of denitrification by addition of POC may be possible, particularly when nitrate levels are high, but quantifying differences in the rate of denitrification is difficult because of the temporal nature of the process (particularly the complex interaction of N availability and soil water content).     

废水生物除磷技术探讨

介绍了废水生物除磷机理及目前国内外常用的新型生物除磷技术。