Safety leadership and safety performance in petrochemical industries: The mediating role of safety climate

This study examines the relationship among three latent variables: safety leadership, safety climate, and safety performance. Employees from 23 plants in seven departments of a petrochemical company in central Taiwan completed a questionnaire survey. From this, a sample of 521 responses was randomly selected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using the AMOS 5.0 was employed to test the hypothesized model relating the above-mentioned variables. The results indicate that the model was supported, and that safety climate mediated the relationship between safety leadership and performance. Practical implications of these results for process safety management in the petrochemical industries are discussed.     

Safety climate in university and college laboratories: impact of organizational and individual factors

INTRODUCTION: Universities and colleges serve to be institutions of education excellence; however, problems in the areas of occupational safety may undermine such goals. Occupational safety must be the concern of every employee in the organization, regardless of job position. Safety climate surveys have been suggested as important tools for measuring the effectiveness and improvement direction of safety programs. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of organizational and individual factors on safety climate in university and college laboratories. METHOD: Employees at 100 universities and colleges in Taiwan were mailed a self-administered questionnaire survey; the response rate was 78%. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that organizational category of ownership, the presence of a safety manager and safety committee, gender, age, title, accident experience, and safety training significantly affected the climate. Among them, accident experience and safety training affected the climate with practical significance. RECOMMENDATIONS: The authors recommend that managers should address important factors affecting safety issues and then create a positive climate by enforcing continuous improvements.     

煤炭高校安全工程专业改革与创新的思考

根据煤炭行业和社会对安全人才的需求 ,提出了立足行业 ,面向社会 ,一专多向的培养模式。课程设置本着强化基础、精练专业、扩大选修的原则对课程进行优化、整合和重组。建立坚实、宽厚的专业基础知识平台 ,形成以一个专业方向为载体 ,向多个专业方向传递的课程体系。教材建设的重点是根据安全学科基本理论和多共性的科目编写统一教材和通用教材。实践教学中通过测试、模拟、演示等实验手段 ,增强学生对安全工作的实践知识。课程设计要密切联系生产实际 ,提高学生独立思考能力。毕业论文要体现对安全问题的分析、技术方法的运用、管理措施的制定等内容 ,使学生受到科学思维、工程实践和创新意识的综合训练。     

核电厂人因及组织行政管理安全审查体系

定期安全审查 (PSR)是国际原子能机构 (IAEA)近年推广的一种新的核电厂安全审查方式 ,它强调系统性、全面性和关键性。人因安全因素 (HF)、组织机构和行政管理安全因素 (OA)是PSR的重要组成部分 ,也是PSR中审查难度较大的部分之一。其难点主要在于如何用有限的评审指标去刻画出最能表征人因、OA对核电厂安全运行最具影响的特征因子 ,建立起科学的、系统化的审查体系 ,且该体系还需具有较强的可操作性。基于上述认识 ,笔者建立了核电厂人因及组织行政管理安全审查体系 ,它包含安全目标与方针、人员配备与资格、组织机构与管理、配置控制、培训、职业健康、运行经验反馈、质量保证、人 -机接口、遵章守法等 10类 19个要素。同时介绍了其评审指标、审查内容、审查方法和程序等。该体系已应用于秦山核电厂。     

结合《安全生产法》的颁布与实施探析我国职业安全健康管理体系认证认可工作

结合安全生产法的相关规定 ,对新形势下如何科学、规范、系统地做好OSHMS认证认可工作以及建立规范有效的认证认可机制进行了分析和探讨 ;提出了OSHMS认证过程中应引起关注的一些问题以及认证市场准入机制、机构认可和监督管理机制。     

Implementation and evaluation of the Safety Element Method at four mining sites

The Safety Element Method (SEM) is a method for improvements of safety results and safety approaches in the Norwegian mining industry. The method is developed by users and researchers in co-operation. The main approach of the method is that a group of organisational members assesses the current and desired situation for their own organisation within defined areas. Based on this assessment they work out a strategy and action plan to reach the internal goals for desired achievement, i.e. the desired situation defined. This article presents the implementation of the method in four mining companies and evaluates the method for its construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, how the method functions and is accepted among the users. The results show that the opinions regarding the experiences with the method are, on the whole, positive. The method is regarded as a valuable approach towards safety improvements. Subjective assessments play a prominent role in SEM, but these assessments are supported by an extensive review of empirical data such as accident reports, interview results and a questionnaire. This means that the internal assessments correspond well to the safety results of the companies and also to the independent external reviews carried out by the researcher.     

Safety in construction – a comprehensive description of the characteristics of high safety standards in construction work, from the combined perspective of supervisors and experienced workers

Introduction

The often applied engineering approach to safety management in the construction industry needs to be supplemented by organizational measures and measures based on how people conceive and react to their social environment. This requires in-depth knowledge of the broad preconditions for high safety standards in construction. The aim of the study was to comprehensively describe the preconditions and components of high safety standards in the construction industry from the perspective of both experienced construction workers and first-line managers.

Method

Five worker safety representatives and 19 first-line managers were interviewed, all strategically selected from within a large Swedish construction project. Phenomenographic methodology was used for data acquisition and analysis and to categorize the information. Nine informants verified the results.

Results

The study identified four main categories of work safety preconditions and components: (1) Project characteristics and nature of the work, which set the limits of safety management; (2) Organization and structures, with the subcategories planning, work roles, procedures, and resources; (3) Collective values, norms, and behaviors, with the subcategories climate and culture, and interaction and cooperation; and (4) Individual competence and attitudes, with the subcategories knowledge, ability and experience, and individual attitudes.

Discussion

The results comprehensively describe high safety standards in construction, incorporating organizational, group, individual, and technical aspects. High-quality interaction between different organizational functions and hierarchical levels stood out as important aspects of safety. The results are discussed in relation to previous research into safety and into the social-psychological preconditions for other desired outcomes in occupational settings.

Impact on Industry

The results can guide construction companies in planning and executing construction projects to a high safety standard.     

跨世纪的中国安全科学学科建设及新拓展

概要分析了安全科学技术学科体系结构,指出学科扩展的思路;提出了学科建设中必须树立全新的观念：安全文化观、大安全观、可持续发展观、综合安全减灾论;探讨了安全减灾科学技术面临的难题和对策;构想安全减灾环保为一体的科学技术新框架     

用于工业机器设计的安全性分析模式及方法研究

工业机器也属职业事故的重要危险源之一。在其设计时 ,有效地进行安全性分析是消除和控制工业机器中存在的固有危险的最佳途径。为此 ,推荐了一种用于工业机器的安全分析模式 ;并对已有的安全分析方法进行了重点选择 ,将供设计人员使用的安全分析方法从百余种减少到 11种 ;还对这些方法进行了分类 ,可供设计人员在设计工业机器时 ,较方便地选择和系统地应用。     

谈企业建立健全安全生产管理自我约束和激励机制的六大要素

阐述在市场经济条件下企业建立和健全安全生产管理自我约束和激励机制,应该在安全生产的方针目标、组织机构、规章制度、监督检查、全员安全素质和设备本质安全化六大要素方面下功夫,指出了企业搞好安全生产管理的方法和途径     

A Draft of a System of Teaching Occupational Safety and Ergonomics at Universities in Poland

The aim of the study was to develop a set of curricula for teaching Occupational Safety and Ergonomics at colleges and universities of various types, aimed at equipping students with knowledge and skills and at shaping active attitudes towards the practical application of the acquired knowledge in their future working lives. On the basis of the analysis of the curricula at Polish and foreign colleges and universities, a set (canon) of educational contents constituting a common practice in the academic teaching of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics was established. Then, a convenient for teaching this subject classification of university specialisations in Poland was introduced. This led to identifying and defining a taxonomic unit called here an educational profile. Next, curriculum minima for the developed profiles were defined objectively. To achieve this aim, the set of educational contents was ranked by university teachers and specialists in occupational safety and ergonomics. Each part of the educational contents (subject) was ranked on a 10-point scale in relation to each educational profile. The results of this ranking led to formulating sets of educational contents for each educational profile. On this basis, a repertoire of curricula (6 curricula, in 2 hour-by-hour versions each) was prepared, with methodological guidelines for lecturers. The results of the study were presented in the form of a manual for academic authorities.     

强化化工园区中小企业特种设备安全监管的若干思考

本文分析、梳理中小型化工企业特种设备安全管理现状和存在的问题,总结国内外化工行业特种设备安全管理经验,从风险管理内涵、保险机制、过程安全管理、安全主体责任落实等角度,构建化工企业特种设备安全监管思路和对策,为促进我国化工中小企业特种设备安全监管提供一定的参考.     

低压电网中电力设备保护方式的安全性评价及其对策

对低压电网中电力设备选择接地保护或接零保护时的安全性进行了评价，并针对存在问题提出了改善措施     

叉车“安全保护与防护装置”定检项目的探讨

本文通过综合比较现行安全技术规范、标准对叉车“安全保护与防护装置”的要求,分析叉车“安全保护与防护装置”的检验范围及内容,对其中争议较大项目的检验要求和方法提出建议.     

丙烯酰胺一期工程危险源辨识与评价

为尽量避免事故的发生,以及减少事故发生造成的损失,生产经营单位需要对其生产过程中的所有程序进行危险源辨识与评价。依据某工厂提供的有关资料,对其新建项目丙烯酰胺一期工程的工艺、设备、设施及公用工程、辅助设施进行危险源辨识,然后运用预先危险性分析、安全检查表法、危险度评价法、事故后果模拟评价法等评价方法,对危险源的危险程度进行评价,使工厂通过对危险源的有效管理,可以预防重大事故的发生,而且一旦发生重大事故,能将事故的损失控制到最低程度。     

Safety line method for the prediction of deep coal-seam gas pressure and its application in coal mines

Gas pressure is an important index for evaluating the outburst risk and determining the gas content in coal seams. It is recommended to predict coal-seam gas pressure of the workface at deep levels before extending mining activities to deeper levels. According to the prediction results, measurements are taken for gas outburst prevention and control and for workload estimation. At present, regression methods are always used to process the numerous gas pressure data for prediction. Because there are many factors that influence the gas pressure which could lead to a deviation from actual values, the measured data do not possess basic conditions for regression methods; this can cause unexpected dangers if the methods are adopted.Based on a statistical analysis of actual measured results of coal-seam gas pressure in a same geological section in certain coal mine, two symbol measured points are selected to make a line for prediction, i.e. safety line, and the other measured points should be below the line except the abnormal points due to the confined water. It has been successfully applied in numerous coal mines in China. Particularly, this method is analyzed in this paper for the case of the No. 8₂ coal seam in the Taoyuan coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, China. By comparatively analyzing the relationship between gas pressure and depth from surface using regression methods, it is found that the safety line method could lead to a better prediction for deep coal-seam gas pressure, and therefore promote early warning ability and mining safety.     

香港特区建筑安全管理的探讨与借鉴

近年来 ,香港特区的建筑业安全状况有了长足进步 ,由于香港的发展既长期受到西方国家先进技术和知识的影响 ,同时又具有中国的传统文化背景 ,因此 ,研究其成功的经验对内地的建筑安全工作有着十分重要的借鉴意义。笔者主要从香港政府部门 (劳工处和环境运输工务局 )对建筑安全的管理和非政府机构 (职业安全健康局、绿十字会等 )对建筑安全的作用两方面进行探讨 ,总结香港特区在建筑安全方面的成功做法 ,最后对内地的建筑安全工作提出了一些建议。     

我国非煤矿山安全生产标准及其体系探讨

为了对非煤矿山安全生产标准和标准体系进行深入分析和研究,在充分收集我国非煤矿山安全生产标准的基础上,总结了我国非煤矿山安全生产标准和标准体系存在的主要问题,并对建立我国非煤矿山安全生产标准体系提供了建议.     

中国房屋市政工程安全事故分布规律及致灾因子耦合性分析——基于2012-2018年中国31省市4096条数据

选取2012-2018年中国31个省市自治区的4096条房屋市政工程安全事故的统计数据,基于时间、空间和事故类型3个维度,对安全事故分布规律及其原因进行了系统研究。结果表明:在时间维度上,2012-2015年逐年下降,2015-2018年逐年上升,2015年为谷底;每年的2月为事故谷值,8月为峰值,6月明显降低。这与国家对安全生产工作的重视、相关管理文件连续颁布、全国建筑总产值逐年大幅度增长、工程露天施工、中国传统节日及安全检查月等都密切相关。在空间维度上,主要集中在秦岭淮河以南地区,华东地区是安全风险的高危区域,且江苏省连续6年为高频发事故地区,排在中国的首位,浙江省连续3年为高频发事故地区。这与以上两省庞大的建筑业总产值有直接关系,但由于浙江省在工程安全管理方面的投入远大于江苏省,其安全事故发生概率也远低于江苏省。在事故类型维度上,高处坠落是发生最多的事故类型,通过对三因素耦合性风险和两因素耦合性风险分析均发现,"人"是高处坠落事故发生的最根本原因,设备的不安全状态和环境的复杂性增加了高处坠落事故发生的概率。