赛罕乌拉自然保护区生物多样性现状及其评价

本文对内蒙古赛罕乌拉自治区级自然保护区的保护对象及综合价值进行了阐述了评价，阐明了该保护区对岭南山地生物多样性保护和西辽河水源保护的重要意义。     

水质监测中水生生物的应用研究

研究表明,水生生物监测技术具有一系列的优势,但技术因素限制了其广泛应用。本文介绍了水环境污染物生物监测的理论及其优越性和主要方法,对水体污染生物监测中存在的问题进行了分析,通过简要分析水生生物监测技术在水环境监测中的应用,提出了相关意见,展望了水体污染生物监测与数学分析结合的应用前景。     

生物多样性与可持续发展的关系

生物多样性主要包括物种多样性,生态系统多样性和遗传多样性３个层次,本文围绕这３个层次,介绍了我国丰富我采的生物多样性,分析比较了生物多样性与可持续发展的相互作用及关系,探讨了我国为实施可持续发展而进行的生物多样性保护的一些措施和行动。     

恶臭气体的生物处理技术

叙述了各种生物脱臭的处理方法及其优、缺点以及提高生物脱臭效率的途径，同时还介绍了一些生物脱臭法的最新研究成果和发展方向。     

标化模糊综合评价生物指数法在临江河生物评价中的应用

本文运用标化模糊综合评价生物指数法,对临江河水生物的种群结构及其变动进行了评价,为合理利用和科学开发水和生物资源提供参考.     

认真履行《生物多样性公约》加强生物多样性保护

1993年12月29日,《生物多样性公约》正式生效了,这是各国人民共同努力的结果.早在1987年,联合国大会就通过决议,针对生物多样性遭受严重威胁的状况,确定由联合国环境规划署组织制定一项保护世界生物多样性的法律文书,即后来的《生物多样性公约》.中国政府积极参与了《公约》制定的各项活动,多次派出代表参加了《公约》的起草、修订和谈判会议,     

污水生物处理活化剂的研制与开发

该文阐述了微生物矿物营养的作用，生物经剂用研制方法与过程，并对处理污水进行了对照试验，取得了良好效果。     

水质生物监测方法及应用展望

本文介绍了水质生物监测的定义、理论及其优越性和主要方法。对水质生物监测中存在的问题进行了分析,展望了水质生物监测的应用前景。     

生物过滤技术在大气污染控制中的应用前景

对近年国内外生物过滤技术（生物滤器、生物滴滤器）处理废气的使用范围、操作的基本原理和目前的应用情况作了综述，并且预测了今后的发展方向。     

齐齐哈尔市地区生物多样性保护及对策

本文介绍了齐市地区生物的种类，并对今后的改善提出了相应的建议。     

ZT廊道交替池工艺在城市污水处理中的应用

介绍了ZT廊道交替池工艺的运行原理、工艺特点及运行效果。工程实践表明,ZT廊道交替池工艺应用于城市污水处理时,出水pH值、SS、CODCr、BOD5、氨氮、总磷各项指标均能够达到国家一级排放标准,处理效果持续稳定。     

长江中下游某Unitank污水处理厂去除雌激素的效果分析

以长江中下游地区某实际运行的Unitank污水处理厂为研究对象,跟踪监测了其进、出水类固醇雌激素(SE)的浓度水平,考察了雌激素去除效果随时间的变化规律,并分析了不同处理工段对雌激素去除的贡献。结果表明:污水厂进水中雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的浓度分别为32.4～89.0,19.4～78.0和12.3～45.0 ng/L,且夏季浓度高于冬季;Unitank工艺对E1、E2、EE2的去除率分别为21.3%～77.0%,23.4%～73.5%和25.2%～68.1%。SE去除主要依靠好氧生物降解实现,物理沉降(沉砂或沉淀)对SE的去除贡献较小。温度是影响SE去除的重要因素之一,较高的温度有利于SE的去除。     

基于ASM 2d的数学模型在六箱一体化工艺分析中的应用

以六箱一体化工艺为例,建立了基于ASM 2d(activated sludge process 2d,活性污泥工艺2d)的数学模型,并研究其在脱氮除磷中的应用. 在HRT(水力停留时间)为16 h的工况下,利用灵敏度分析挑选了含有7个参数的待优化参数集,通过使用遗传算法优化校正函数的方式进行校正计算,获得了校正后的六箱一体化工艺模型,并在HRT为20和24 h下对该模型做了进一步验证. 结果表明,校正后的模型对出水水质的预测性较好,在HRT为16 h下,出水ρ(COD_Cr)、ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)和ρ(NH₄+-N)的模型计算值与实测值间的绝对差值较小,分别为1.96、0.83、0.06和0.24 mg/L. 在校正后模型的基础上,详细分析了HRT为20 h时各池中ρ(NH₄+-N)、ρ(NO₃--N)和ρ(PO₄3--P)在1个周期内的动态变化,指出了影响该工艺处理效果的主要原因(如碳源不足的问题),并与通过试验分析得到的结果基本一致.      

Green project partnership in the supply chain: the case of the package printing industry

By interacting with their suppliers and their customers, manufacturing organizations can potentially develop and implement more effective solutions to environmental challenges they are facing. This paper explores the outcome, in terms of operational performance, of green project partnership in the supply chain. Green project partnership, defined here as the degree of interaction between organizations in the supply chain regarding pollution prevention, can take place upstream with the suppliers and downstream with the customers. Using the data from a survey of the Canadian and United States package printing industry, the linkage between green project partnership and five performance indicators was tested. The results indicate that green project partnership with customers was positively linked to quality, flexibility and environmental performance while partnership with suppliers was associated with better delivery performance.     

无缝钢管成形件偏心的原因和防治方法

结合无缝钢管冲孔 拔伸工艺 ,分析了钢管锻件产生偏心的原因 ,并从工艺和模具结构方面探讨了防治钢管产生偏心的措施 ,可为生产无缝钢管及其他孔径要求较高的长筒形零件的行业提供参考     

Sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on the performance of the wastewater treatment process

To reduce excess sludge, a Tubificidae reactor was combined with an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle (IODVC), and a new integrated system was developed for wastewater treatment. A pilot-scale of this integrated system was tested to investigate the sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on effluent quality and sludge production. The dominant worm was Branchnria Sowerbyi in the Tubificidae reactor after inoculation of Branchnria Sowerbyi and Limnodrilns sp., and the maximal volume density of wet Tubificidae in vessels of the Tubificidae reactor was 17600 g/m3. Two operational modes, treating the excess sludge (first mode) and the returned sludge (second mode) of IODVC by the Tubificidae reactor, were used in this experiment. The results showed that the excess sludge reduction rate was 46.4% in the first mode, and the average sludge yield of the integrated system was 6.19×10-5 kg SS/kg COD in the second mode. Though the sludge returned to IODVC via the Tubificidae reactor, it had little impact on the effluent quality and the sludge characteristics of the IODVC. No new type of recalcitrant substance in the supernatant was discharged into the environment when the sludge was treated by Tubificidae. The experimental results also indicated that no significant changes occurred on the viscosity, specific resistance, and the floc size distribution of the sludge.     

表面强化层受力失效的一种判别方法

为了找到在实际应用中评价表面强化层的力学性能的量化计算依据 ,通过B Cr RE共渗技术处理后的 45钢试样的力学性能试验 ,测得了表面破损时所对应的压力 ,并利用文中提出的模型 ,得出了渗层破损时 ,基体处于屈服阶段的结论 ,并求出了渗层的抗压极限。并可利用将表面强化层与基体联合起来考虑的处理方法 ,分析其他表面强化层的不同受力状态。     

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物生化组成及其环境因子效应

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物碳水化合物与光强、盐度和叶绿素ａ均显著正相关，蛋白质与光强有负相关关系，脂类受光强的影响较小，蛋白质与碳水化合物之比与氮磷比显正相关。１０月该海域浮游植物叶绿素ａ与生化组分含量都比４月高，与１０月海水温度和海面辐照度较高有关     

Reducing the environmental impact of the unhairing–liming process in the leather tanning industry

The environmental impact of the tanning industry is generally significant with outputs of wastes, i.e. high concentrations of organics, salts and heavy metals (chromium compounds), both in solid and liquid form, as a result. In order to bring the tanning industry more in line with present environmental thinking, various methods have been devised to reduce impacts.The underlying study proposes a modification of the method for unhairing–liming of hides where the unhairing–liming liquids are reused several times after being recharged by reduced quantities of chemicals. The study, therefore, aims at reducing both the economic and environmental costs of the unhairing–liming process.Experiments were carried out at lab scale with a simulation apparatus designed for the purpose. Life cycle assessment was used to evaluate the net environmental benefits of the modified method. The present value approach was used to evaluate the economic feasibility of the modified method. The quality of the produced leather was assessed by experts from the tanning sector (tanners).On the environmental level, the modified method reduced the environmental impact of the process by 24%, COD was reduced by 50% as well as sulfide which was reduced by 73% when the process water was recycled four times.The modified method requires some investment in new equipment and is a little more labor intensive as compared with the conventional method but does permit for savings in water up to 58% and chemicals up to 28% as well as wastewater treatment cost which was reduced by 58%. The modified method allowed for four times reuse of the unhairing–liming liquor without visibly affecting the quality of the final product of leather.It was concluded that both the economic and the environmental costs of the unhairing–liming process were reduced relative to the same of the conventional method.     

环境条件对三峡库区消落带土壤中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯向上覆水静态迁移释放的影响

为了解消落带土壤有机污染物邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的环境行为,采用静态淹水法研究了三峡库区消落带土壤向上覆水迁移释放规律以及上覆水温度、光照、含氧量等外界环境条件对其影响.结果表明,消落带土壤中DBP在淹水前期由土壤向上覆水中迁移释放,该过程分为短暂但是释放速率较快的快速释放阶段和释放时间较长但释放速率较慢的慢速释放阶段,其中慢释放是主要控速步骤,此过程可以很好地用二室一级动力模型拟合.在淹水中期释放达到最大值,继续淹水后,释放到水体中的DBP转而由水体向土壤中迁移,最终在淹水后期上覆水DBP含量达到平衡状态.随着温度的升高,DBP向上覆水释放的强度增大,同时增加了DBP快速释放的速率,降低了慢速释放速率.不同光源照射下,DBP向水体释放浓度不同,采用自然光照的处理中上覆水DBP的浓度高于采用UVB、UVA光源处理;DBP在上覆水达到最大浓度后,UVB、UVA处理中上覆水DBP含量减少比较快速,而自然光处理相对要缓慢.上覆水中的含氧量对DBP的最大释放量与达到最大释放的时间有影响,总体上来看,上覆水中含氧量越高,上覆水DBP含量越高;上覆水高氧处理和低氧气处理,上覆水中DBP最大浓度提前至淹水第8d出现,自然状态下DBP在淹水第12 d达到最大值.土壤中共存的邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)对DBP的释放有明显影响:在淹水第4~12 d,添加DEHP组分试验的DBP释放量要明显大于单一组分的DBP释放量,而且快、慢释放速率均要比单一DBP组分处理的大.微生物活性对消落带土壤淹水过程中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯迁移释放存在一定的影响但效果并不明显,添加微生物活性抑制剂处理后DBP的迁移量要略小于对照组.