GIS在水污染控制中的研究与探讨

地理信息系统(GIS)是专门用于地理空间信息处理和管理的计算机技术系统，造成城市水污染的污染源及其相关数据均具有空间分布特性，这决定了GIS可在该领域发挥重要作用。GIS能支持与水环境有关的地理空间数据的获取、管理、分析、模拟和显示，以解决复杂的水环境综合治理问题和水污染控制问题；同时，建立完善的空间数据库和属性数据库，为环境保护部门和科研部门提供研究与决策支持。本文就GIS在水污染控制这一领域的应用做一定探讨。     

基于MapInfo的松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统

以松嫩盆地水资源开发利用现状为基础 ,以GIS软件 (地理信息系统 )MapInfoProfessional作为开发平台 ,设计和建立了松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统。该系统的建立对松嫩盆地水资源开发管理状况和相关信息的查询、检索提供了方便 ,同时对松嫩盆地水资源的合理开发利用及其管理决策提供了科学依据。     

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统设计与应用——以长江角洲无锡市滨湖区为例

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统是一种存储、兼容、管理、分析、显示与应用土地信息的计算机监控系统,是建立在地理信息系统(GIS)软件工具之上,并在ComGIS组件Mapobject 2.0平台支撑下进行设计和开发应用的.该系统的设计与开发可为区域土地资源合理开发利用规划与产业布局的调整提供科学依据,特别是对高强度开发下的长江三角洲土地资源的可持续利用具有较重要的实际应用价值.     

基于ASP．NET与ArcServer的水资源GIS研究设计

目前水资源已经成为我国实施可持续发展战略的一个重要方面,建立对水资源进行有效的监测、模拟、分析和评价的地理信息系统已愈发重要。本文从系统研发角度,阐述系统的设计,依托Web技术,将各种水资源信息及空间数据发布在Internet上,采用了ArcServer开发模式,并结合ASP．NET技术,解决了传统WEBGIS开发上的一些缺陷。用户通过使用该系统,可以方便的对任意空间信息和属性信息进行查询、分析和浏览,充分满足了水资源信息管理的需求。     

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统设计与应用——以长江三角洲无锡市滨湖区为例

区域土地资源利用管理信息系统是一种存储、兼容、管理、分析、显示与应用土地信息的计算机监控系统，是建立在地理信息系统（GIS）软件工具之上，并在ComGIS组件Mapobject2．0平台支撑下进行设计和开发应用的。该系统的设计与开发可为区域土地资源合理开发利用规划与产业布局的调整提供科学依据，特别是对高强度开发下的长江三角洲土地资源的可持续利用具有较重要的实际应用价值。     

计算机图形技术在环境监测中的应用

讨论了计算机图形技术在环境监测实验室分析、监测数据趋势分析和环境数据统计等方面的应用,结合Internet技术的发展,对环境信息发布和地理信息系统(GIS)的结合应用进行了讨论,提出了Internet下环境信息应用的新思路:建立数据审核系统、数据查询分析系统、用户管理管理系统、地图出版系统,以提高环境监测分析应用水平.     

基于GIS平台的SQL Server 环境监测数据库的应用

本文着重介绍了基于GIS平台的SQL Server环境监测数据库系统的应用和方法，建立系统的关键技术，以及系统建谨的可行性。提出了解决该系统在环境监测中应用遇到的问题的途径。     

基于WebGIS的水环境管理信息发布系统

本文论述了如何运用ARCIMS作为网络地图发布平台,结合先进的ASP技术,建立一个基于Web GIS的水环境管理信息发布系统,以实现水环境信息资源的共享,为水环境管理和水环境决策提供强有力的信息支持。该系统的主要功能是空间与属性数据的编辑与更新,信息的检索与查询,矢量数据的显示、缩放、漫游,缓冲区分析以及专题图制作等。     

基于GIS的矿产资源评价方法

随着计算机技术的发展,GIS已经运用到了许多行业之中。在地质矿产勘查领域,其应用也开始由科研阶段向生产阶段转化。基于GIS的矿产资源综合定量评价方法,事实上是借助专用的GIS系统进行数据收集、信息提取、信息集成,最终应用综合致矿信息实施找矿靶区定量圈定和评价的过程。     

基于GE&GIS技术的三维可视化校园地理信息系统设计与实现

目前,校园地理信息系统多采用二维地图显示。基于Goosle Ear山展示平台和GIS技术的校园地理信息系统,探讨了以动态、三维的方式来显示和管理校园信息的新方法。实践证明,与传统的校园GIS相比,该系统可更加直观地反映校园信息,有效提高校园信息交互检索的效率,并为在其它领域的应用提供了借鉴。     

The Use of Geographic Information Systems for Resource Evaluation: A New Zealand Example

Over the last decade, New Zealand has implemented innovative reforms in respect of natural resource and environmental management. These include the Resource ManagementAct 1991 (RMA), a notable feature of which is the adoption of 'sustainable management' as the key principle guiding resource allocation and use. This and other features of the new administrative context for resource management strongly suggest a prominent role for geographicinformation systems (GIS) and related spatial information technology. In this paper we present an outline of the Regional Resource Evaluation Project (RREP), a project that has been established to explore and demonstrate the capabilities of GIS and related spatial information technology in the context of resource analysis and decision making. To date, the RREP has achieved important outcomes in terms of database design and development. An extensive information base which incorporates data on the physical and natural environment, patterns of human activity, and on social and demographic characteristics has been assembled. We describe the information systems, as well as some of the technical issues that attend to database design and development.We also provide brief reviews of two applications of the GIS to resource evaluation. One relates to the evaluation of changes in regional land use, with a focus on natural habitats. The other is concerned with land suitability assessment for plantation forestry.     

Testing a GIS Model of Habitat Suitability for a Declining Grassland Bird

Demand for information that can be used to manage loggerhead shrikes has recently increased because of concern over declining populations and loss of open, non-forested habitat. A previously-developed habitat model was modified to predict shrike habitat quality on Fort Riley Military Reservation (FRMR) in Kansas. Shrike habitat suitability indices were calculated based on the amount of potential and usable foraging habitat, and the number of potential nesting sites within a specified area. Interpretation of high quality digital photographs was used to delineate land cover classes, hedgerows and tree counts. These data were entered into a geographic information system (GIS) as individual data sets. The shrike habitat model was then employed to produce a GIS database predicting low, moderate, and high quality shrike habitat throughout the Reservation. Model results indicated that 67% of the Reservation was suitable habitat for loggerhead shrikes. Although over 80% of FRMR was mapped as grassland, the presence of few to several isolated trees or hedgerows was identified as a key factor in modeling habitat suitability. The accuracy of the GIS model was 82% in predicting suitable (moderate and high quality) loggerhead shrike habitat using an independent set of 66 recent shrike observations. The number of potential nesting sites and percent cover of usable foraging habitat were significantly related to habitat suitability of the sites occupied by shrikes.     

Urbanization and its impact on groundwater: a remote sensing and GIS-based assessment approach

The perils of unplanned urbanization and increasing pressure of human activities on hydro-geomorphologic system often result in modification of the existing recharge mechanism, which leads to many environmental consequences. In the present research, an attempt has been made to investigate the applicability of remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) in dealing with spatial and temporal variability of dynamic phenomena, like urbanization and its impact on groundwater. This paper covers primarily, quantitative and qualitative impacts of urban growth on the behavior of aquifer in Ajmer city (India). Urban growth of the Ajmer city in last 17 years has been estimated from the satellite images. Database related to urbanization and groundwater has been created in GIS. Groundwater recharge has been computed using a water balance approach known as Water Level Fluctuation Methodology. Recharge estimation methodology has been implemented in GIS to introduce the spatial variability of hydro-geological characteristics. Further, temporal and spatial variations in groundwater quality and quantity have been correlated with urban growth using overlay analysis in GIS. The study reveals a general decline in water table and quality with urbanization. Further, remote sensing and GIS technologies have been found useful in assessment of spatial and temporal phenomena of urbanization and its impact on groundwater system.     

IS支持下水质模型的应用

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ） 是集计算机科学、地球科学、信息科学为一体的高新技术。目前,ＧＩＳ技术已广泛用于资源管理、环境监测、环境评价、灾害评估、区域流域环境规划等众多领域,已成为国内外环境管理的有效决策支持工具。本文介绍了ＧＩＳ技术在金华江流域水污染控制决策方面的应用, 其中重点介绍了在ＧＩＳ支持下,金华江流域水污染决策模型（ 水质模型） 的建立、程序设计和实现     

地理信息系统与海上溢油模型集成研究

将地理信息系统(GIS)技术与溢油模型进行集成,其优点是能发挥GIS在模型参数获取、空间数据分析与管理、模拟结果可视化等方面的优势,使整个溢油建模过程更为便捷。文中介绍了GIS与溢油模型集成的概念,分析了GIS技术在海上溢油模型中的应用实例,给出了一种GIS与溢油模型的紧密集成方案,讨论了两者集成的发展趋势。     

地理信息系统技术在环境中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)技术现已广泛应用于环境领域。简要介绍了该技术的功能特点,并从大气、水、土壤、噪声四个方面探讨了GIS在环境保护中的应用。研究结果表明,GIS是研究环境子系统协同效应的实用技术。     

GIS技术在环境管理信息系统中的应用研究

资源与环境保护是人类可持续发展的重要组成部分,环境问题的日益复杂对环境管理水平提出了更高的要求,环境管理信息系统(EMIS)在此基础上应运而生。GIS技术和环境信息在概念和研究对象上具有相似性、互补性,因此基于GIS技术的EMIS的研究将把我国的环境信息管理工作推上一个崭新的、科学的、高效的平台。环境模型与空间信息的耦合是二者结合的发展趋势。     

Site search and multicriteria evaluation

Geographic information systems (GIS) are potentially powerful collections of tools which planners can use in the manipulation and analysis of spatial information. One traditional area of interest in this context is site search. Here, the functionality of GIS is, however, limited to certain deterministic analyses which serve merely as a computerised automation of the manual sieve mapping approach. The integration of multicriteria evaluation (MCE) techniques with GIS, is forwarded as a means of providing the user with the means to evaluate sites identified by sieve mapping techniques on the basis of multiple and conflicting criteria and objectives. An example application based on the search for suitable radioactive waste disposal sites in Britain using the Arc/Info GIS is included. The potential use of a combined GIS/MCE approach in the development of spatial decision support systems (SDSS) is considered.