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断面污染物分布均匀度及影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水质监测在跨行政区、跨水域功能区、排污总量控制区的水质控制与管理方面有着非常重要的作用,而断面污染物分布均匀与否是水环境监测断面采样是否具备可靠性、合理性和代表性的关键。本文根据监测采样要求提出了断面污染物分布均匀度的概念,即断面污染物分布均匀度是指在污染带内任一垂直于水流方向断面上某一污染物最小浓度值与最大浓度值之比。并就污染物排放量、河流环境水文特征、河流背景浓度、排污方式等断面污染物分布均匀度影响因素进行了分析研究,借助水质模拟技术,反演在上游有排污口情况下如何布置排污方式以满足下游监测采样的要求。这对跨界河流的水质交接、流域水环境质量管理、排污总量控制、水环境监测断面设置等方面的应用具有重要指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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根据沂沭河流域的水文特征和水质状况,建立了沂沭河流域河流水环境容量数学模型和计算方法,依据该流域水环境功能区划,计算出流域内各水功能区和各河流的环境容量及最大允许排污量,从而为沂沭河流域实施水污染物总量控制和南水北调东线工程山东段水质达标提供基础数据。 相似文献
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本文报告了铀元件厂排污河流的放射性监测结果,并就污染水平和监测方法进行讨论。调查表明:采用监测河流底泥或水生物的方法可以提高监测灵敏度。 相似文献
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进行长江长寿段示踪剂岸边有限时段连续投放试验,求得横向扩散系数及其与流速、水深、流量、污染物浓度等关系。以长寿湖大沙坝河段为类比试验,预测得到三峡库区在90%保证率的最枯月流量下典型江段的横向扩散系数,并可用于库区的污染带计算。 相似文献
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罗教忠!湖南省娄底地区 《中国环境管理》1996,(6)
涟水是湖南湘江的一大支流。50年代中期,这里漫江碧透.百柯争流.鱼翔浅底。60年代以来,涟水日益变黑发臭.河床被泥沙和工业废渣淤塞.鱼虾濒临绝迹,渔民被这改行,就连满载贷物航行的船只也逐渐减少。涟水污染是由于企业大量排放未经治理的工业废水所致。在涟水上游.涟源市造纸厂是一个重要的污染源,他们虽在厂内修了个废水池,将造纸黑液排入池中,但废水池最大容量只能容纳20天的生产污水。所以,酱油色的含碱废水.经常排入涟水。每值排污时,河面上白沫子、黑浓于、黄沫子翻腾,形成一条长达几里的污染带,尤其在久旱未雨的情况… 相似文献
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MFAM模型在河流水质污染模拟及预测中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文中以时间序列分析为基础,介绍了均值生成函数这一崭新概念,并且经成份因子提取分析推导建立了模拟序列的数字模型(简记为MFAM),经对黄河下游花园口断面的1988-1989年实测水质污染指标溶解氧(DO),氨氧,化学耗氧量(COD),五日生化需氧量(BOD5)等序列模拟,结果表明MFAM模型能较好地模拟河流水质污染指标的变化趋势,拟合平均误差只有5.2-6.4%,MFAM模型应用于预测1990-1991年水质污染指标变化,结果表明预测精度达85%以上,文中最后得出结论:MFAM模型应用于河流污染模拟和预测,是完全可行且十分方便。 相似文献
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宜宾市主要江河水质现状及污染防治对策 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文根据对宜宾市主要河流多年的地表水质监测数据和污染源排污状况的综合分析,阐明了金沙江,岷江,长江宜浓段的水环境质量状况和污染成因,提出了水污染防治对策,为政府决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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油田开发项目中大气环境影响预测方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对油田开发过程中大气污染源点多面广的特点,选用适当的大气环境预测方法已成为问题关键,使用网格处理,分别计算点源(高斯模式)和面源(H-G模式)的污染贡献量,得到预测结果,并佐以百色油田的应用实例,得出:多源扩散模式(H-G模式)可以反映油田开发多源污染的叠加效果;H-G模式计算简便,要求参数少且容易获得,与复杂模式的计算结果相一致,能满足油田开发项目大气环境影响评价的要求。 相似文献
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山西省辛安泉是长治地区的主要供水水源,目前它的部份泉城域已遭到了严重的氮污染,本文在环境水文地质地球化学调查的基础上,应用水文地球化学热力学理论,对氮化牧在岩溶水中转化方向,平衡组成进行了分析,并用稀释环境容量方法,作出了辛安泉氮污染预测初步评价。这表明在水文地质地球化学研究程度不足以建立溶质运移确定型模型时,水文地球化学方法是研究氮污染预测的一种有效的近似方法。 相似文献
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在分散成若干片区、地形复杂的工业城市进行空气监测优化布设时,应先确定测点所在的片区。优化时必须考虑地形和气象特点、污染源的分布和片区的功能特征。再根据片区内主要污染物及源分布确定决策团子。优化时再考虑片区内的污染气象条件,采用适当的空气扩散模式和动态模拟的方法。经过夏、秋两季实测结果证明,优化的测点代表性良好。 相似文献
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In Taiwan, the authorities have spent years working on remedying polluted rivers. Generally, the remediation planning works
are divided into two phases. During the first phase, the allowed pollution discharge quantity and abatement quantity of each
drainage zone, including the assimilative capacity, are generated based on the total river basin. In the second phase, the
abatement action plans for each pollution source in each drainage zone are respectively devised by the related organizations
based on the strategies generated during the first phase. However, the effectiveness of linking the two phases is usually
poor. Highly integrated performances are not always achieved because the separate two-phase method does not take system and
management thinking into consideration in the planning stage. This study pioneers the use of the Managing for Results (MFR)
method in planning strategies and action plans for river water quality management. A sustainable management framework is proposed
based on the concept and method of MFR, Management Thinking, and System Analysis. The framework, consisting of planning, implementation,
and controlling stages, systematically considers the relationships and interactions among four factors: environment, society,
economy, and institution, based on the principles of sustainable development. Based on the framework, the Modified Bounded
Implicit Enumeration algorithm, which is used as a solving method, is combined with Visual Basic software and MS Excel to
develop a computer system for strategy planning. The Shetzu River, located in northern Taiwan, is applied as a case study.
According to the theoretical, practical, and regulatory considerations, the result-oriented objectives are defined to first
improve the pollution length of the Shetzu River in specific remediation periods to finally meet regulated water quality standards.
The objectives are then addressed as some of the constraints for the strategy planning model. The model objective is to pursue
the maximum assimilative capacity (environmental phase) subjected to the constraints of water quality standards (institutional
phase), social equity (social phase), and proper available technology (economic phase). The pollution quantity abatement and
allocation, which are named the top strategies, of each drainage zone for different scenarios can be obtained based on each
water quality standard. The middle as well as lower strategies and action plans, which consist of pollution quantity abatement
and allocation of each class (domestic, industrial, livestock, and non-point pollution sources) and their individual pollution
sources in each drainage zone, are then generated based on the top strategies. The performance indicators and measure plans
are proposed based on the action plans to promote the comprehensive effectiveness of river water quality management. The authorities
have begun to develop a budget based on the strategies and action plans developed in this study. The analytical results indicate
that the objectives, strategies, and action plans developed based on the sustainable management framework and strategy planning
system can effectively help the related authorities to fulfill the tasks of water quality management for a river basin. 相似文献
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Evaluation of groundwater and soil pollution in a landfill area using electrical resistivity imaging survey 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Landfills are sources of groundwater and soil pollution due to the production of leachate and its migration through refuse.
This study was conducted in order to determine the extent of groundwater and soil pollution within and around the landfill
of Seri Petaling located in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. The condition of nearby surface water was also determined. An
electrical resistivity imaging survey was used to investigate the leachate production within the landfill. Groundwater geochemistry
was carried out and chemical analysis of water samples was conducted upstream and downstream of the landfill. Surface water
was also analyzed in order to determine its quality.
Soil chemical analysis was performed on soil samples taken from different locations within and around the landfill in the
vadose zone (unsaturated zone) and below the water table (in the soil saturated zone). The resistivity image along line L–L1 indicated the presence of large zones of decomposed waste bodies saturated with highly conducting leachate. Analysis of trace
elements indicated their presence in very low concentrations and did not reflect any sign of heavy metal pollution of ground
and surface water or of soil.
Major ions represented by Na, K, and Cl were found in anomalous concentrations in the groundwater of the downstream bore hole,
where they are 99.1%, 99.2%, and 99.4%, respectively, higher compared to the upstream bore hole. Electrical conductivity (EC)
was also found in anomalous concentration downstream. Ca and Mg ions represent the water hardness (which is comparatively
high downstream). There is a general trend of pollution towards the downstream area. Sulfates (SO4) and nitrates (NO3) are found in the area in low concentrations, even below the WHO standards for drinking water, but are significantly higher
in the surface water compared to the groundwater. Phosphate (PO4) and nitrite (NO2), although present in low levels, are significantly higher at the downstream. There is no significant difference in the amount
of fluoride (F) in the different locations. In the soil vadose zone, heavy metals were found to be in their typical normal
ranges and within the background concentrations. Soil exchangeable bases were significantly higher in the soil saturated zone
compared to the vadose zone, and no significant difference was obtained in the levels of inorganic pollutants. With the exception
of Cd, the concentration ranges of all trace elements (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Ni) of Seri Petaling landfill soils were below
the upper limits of baseline concentrations published from different sources. 相似文献
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根据城镇污水处理厂运行情况和城市供排水平衡分析提出一种简化的城镇居民生活污染源产排污总量核算的思路与方法,并以滇池流域为例核算了2010年滇池流域城镇居民生活主要污染物产生与排放总量。 相似文献
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Modeling the width and placement of riparian vegetated buffer strips: a case study on the Chi-Jia-Wang stream,Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Improper agricultural activities seriously affect water quality. It is very important to control agricultural nonpoint source pollution along the Chi-Jia-Wang Stream to protect the habitat of land-locked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus), one of the endangered species in Taiwan. Riparian vegetative buffer strips are used to intercept wastewater, surface runoff and groundwater flow to reduce pesticide, nutrient and other organic pollutants before they enter the stream. This study estimates the suitable width for vegetated buffer strips in the riparian zone along the stream using a geographic information system and an index model. The groundwater in the study area is easily contaminated by pollutants due to the high hydraulic conductivity in the riparian zone of the Chi-Jia-Wang Stream. After comparing simulations on selected 46 kinds of selected pesticides, the maximum safety depth of Fenarimol was estimated. A wider Fenarimol vegetated strip is needed as a buffer zone to ensure pollution control effectiveness. Simulation results can provide a preliminary evaluation for the soil or groundwater pollution caused by pesticides, but the actual influences require onsite data verification. 相似文献
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