保护自然生态环境 开展环境科普教育——记内蒙古达里诺尔国家级自然保护区

达里诺尔自然保护区始建于1987年,1997年晋升为国家级自然保护区,归口于环境保护行政主管部门。保护区位于内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗西部,距旗政府所在地经棚镇约90公里,地跨达来诺日镇、达日罕乌拉2个苏木,西北部与锡林郭勒自然保护区相邻,南部为浑善达克沙地的东段,西以锡林郭勒盟界为界,东距白音敖包自然保护区约80     

自然保护区生态旅游可持续发展的对策分析

本文对自然保护区发展生态旅游的积极作用和消极影响进行了较全面的分析,提出了要确保自然保护区生态旅游的持续发展,必须制定全国自然保护区生态旅游发展战略,编制各级生态旅游规划,建立全国自然保护区生态旅游信息服务网络体系,以及加强自然保护区生态旅游管理工作等措施。     

高层信息

<正>国务院办公厅公布18处新建国家级自然保护区名单5月11日,国务院办公厅印发《关于公布辽宁楼子山等18处新建国家级自然保护区名单的通知》。通知指出,自然保护区是推进生态文明、建设美丽中国的重要载体。此次公布的新建国家级自然保护区包括辽宁省楼子山国家级自然保护区;吉林省通化石湖国家级自然保护区;黑龙江省北极村     

蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

在借鉴四川卧龙、成都熊猫基地、王朗、唐家河等自然保护区经验的基础上,采用SWOT分析法,分别对蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区生态旅游开发的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战等方面进行了分析,旨在为蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区生态旅游的可持续发展和进一步开发、规划提供参考建议。     

国家级自然保护区再添19处

2008年1月,根据国务院办公厅的通知,我国的国家级自然保护区又增加了19处。这19处自然保护区分别是北京市的百花山国家级自然保护区,河北省滦河上游的国家级自然保护区和茅荆坝国家级自然保护区,内蒙古的大青山国家级自然保护区,黑龙江省的珍宝岛湿地国家级自然保护区、红星湿地国家级自然保护区和双河国家级自然保护区,福建省的君子峰国家级自然保护区,江西省的鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区和马头山国家级自然保护区,山东省的昆嵛山国家级自然保护区,湖北省的七姊妹山国家级自然保护区,     

“新里山”共生规划的构建与应用探讨——以西安杜陵风景旅游区规划为例

以当前我国城市郊区自然风景环境的保护与开发为切入点,针对开发过程中的同质化问题提出了"新里山"共生规划体系,旨在阐明"新里山"共生规划对保护自然风景环境多样性的重要意义。首先,从"里山、共生、规划"入手,提出"共生规划"新概念。其次,将"里山"与"共生规划"相结合,构建出"新里山"环境优化模式和"新里山"共生规划系统,进而确立"新里山"共生规划体系。最后,对"新里山"共生规划所解决的问题进行了论证,表明它是推动城市郊区自然风景环境特色可持续发展的创新途径。以陕西省西安市杜陵风景旅游区规划为例,将"新里山"共生规划运用其中,阐明该体系在城市郊区自然风景环境中的价值取向和应用前景。     

我国自然保护区建设分析与管理对策研究

我国自然保护区经历了近60年的发展,目前已经由数量规划型向质量效益型转变。利用自然保护区统计资料与全国自然保护区基础调查数据,深入分析了我国自然保护区建设体系现状,剖析了管理工作迫切需要解决的问题,并对自然保护区管理提出了建设性对策建议。     

自然保护区学中亟待突破的科学问题

我国自然保护区建设工程实施过程中,迫切需要解决的主要科学技术问题包括:自然保护区体系规划和合理布局方案研究制定、分类经营管理系统建立、野生动植物资源本底调查和动态监测等。自然保护区学是新建立的二级学科。本文定义了自然保护区学的内涵,提出了主要研究领域和方向。     

三江源地区可再生能源利用及其环境效益分析

文章介绍了三江源自然保护区生态环境的特殊性及能源结构、方式和特点,阐述了三江源自然保护区能源建设项目的实施对生态环境的影响和效益分析。     

长白山自然保护区开展环境宣传教育工作的几点思考

对当前长白山自然保护区开展环境宣传教育工作进行了思考和阐述,提出了做好环境宣传教育工作的建议。     

WELMM, A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ENERGY RESOURCES

In assessing energy resources it is interesting to consider their systems aspects and interrelationships with other natural and/or human resources. This is the purpose of the WELMM approach (Water, Energy, Land, Materials, Manpower) which analyzes resources requirements through the use of various Data Bases. Present applications focus on the comparison of various energy options and assessment of various long term strategies. The method can also be used for Integrated Resources Management.     

Producing biogas from agricultural residues generated during phytoremediation process: Possibility,threshold, and challenges

In the past decades, a novel strategy has arisen, as required by time, to get a rational production of biogas from contaminated biomass, which may be, on purpose, harvested from contaminated soil phytoremediation process. The present review focuses on the possibility and potential of utilizing the agricultural residues generated during phytoremediation for production of biogas. As a general result of the studies compiled in this review, the harvested biomass can subsequently be utilized for the winning of biogas, and it provides a solution of waste disposal for phytoremediation technology. According to the analysis of previous results, not more than 1 mg/L of cadmium in fermenters shows promoting or at least no inhibitory effect on cumulative biogas yields. This strategy is promising for dealing with both environmental and energy problems in spite of many challenges in the coming future.     

The impacts of tourism on the environment of Mussoorie, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Mussoorie, a hill resort in the Garhwal Himalaya reveals the changing trends and impacts of tourist activity on its environment. This study was carried out during 1993–1994 and it showed that while Mussoorie had a permanent residential population of 25400 during the winter months, in the peak tourist season of May and June the population exceeded 200000 per month. Because of this huge influx of tourists the demand for lodges/hotels and other related infra-structure and super-structure facilities and amenities in the area was enormous, and it imposed a great stress on the natural environment.The data collected showed that from 1958 to 1988 the number of tourists had increased gradually but that from 1989 tourism in the town escalated following the political disturbances in the Kashmir Valley. The main purpose of the tourism was recreation (80%). It was recorded that the greatest number (60%) of the tourists were middle aged, 53% of the tourists worked in professional services. The majority of the tourists preferred to use the indigenous hotels and about 96% of the tourists used a private vehicle rather than public transport.The installation of modern tourist related facilities and infra-structure has led to the aesthetic degradation of the landscape. Tourist facility development is often disorderly and scattered. To reduce the traffic to Mussoorie town it is suggested that some nearby places like Dhanolti and Park estate should be developed for tourism.     

ARE WE READY FOR A CLOSED SYSTEM OF WATER SUPPLY TREATMENT,AND REUSE - TECHNOLOGY VS. PSYCHOLOGY?1

ABSTRACT: Up to date there are still not many instances that can be found on the practice of a totally closed system of water supply, treatment, and reuse. In the United States, this is partly because the Public Health Service has discouraged such a practice. However, are there sound scientific reasons to support such a decision or is it purely a matter of psychological reason? Are the treatment technologies available today able to achieve the integrated closed system at a reasonable cost, yet without risking the public health? Are there some extra precautions that must be taken in practicing the direct reuse for the drinking purpose? These questions are discussed in this article. Current available technologies for advanced waste treatment are briefly reviewed and the treated effluent qualities obtained by the authors and others are used as a focal point of discussion on the feasibility of practicing the closed system. For this purpose, the treated effluent qualities are compared to the “Ranges of Promulgated Standards for Raw Water Sources of Domestic Water Supply” which have been used by the Public Health Service and several state regulatory agencies.     

The effect of tailored information, goal setting, and tailored feedback on household energy use, energy-related behaviors, and behavioral antecedents

In this multidisciplinary study, an Internet-based tool was used to encourage households (N=189) to reduce their direct (gas, electricity and fuel) and indirect energy use (embedded in the production, transportation and disposal of consumer goods). A combination of tailored information, goal setting (5%), and tailored feedback was used. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this combination of interventions would result in (i) changes in direct and indirect energy use, (ii) changes in energy-related behaviors, and (iii) changes in behavioral antecedents (i.e. knowledge). After 5 months, households exposed to the combination of interventions saved 5.1%, while households in the control group used 0.7% more energy. Households exposed to the interventions saved significantly more direct energy than households in the control group did. No difference in indirect energy savings emerged. Households exposed to the interventions adopted a number of energy-saving behaviors during the course of the study, whereas households in the control group did so to a lesser extent. Households exposed to the interventions had significantly higher knowledge levels of energy conservation than the control group had. It is argued that if the aim is to effectively encourage household energy conservation, it is necessary to examine changes in energy use, energy-related behaviors and behavioral antecedents.     

Sustainable Development and Norwegian Genetic Engineering Regulations: Applications, Impacts, and Challenges

The main purpose of The NorwegianGene Technology Act (1993) is to enforcecontainment of genetically modified organisms(GMOs) and control of GMO releases.Furthermore, the Act intends to ensure that``production and use of GMOs should take placein an ethically and socially justifiable way,in accordance with the principle of sustainabledevelopment and without detrimental effects tohealth and the environment.' Hence it isobvious that, for the Norwegian authorities,sustainable development is a normativeguideline when evaluating acceptableconsequences of GMO use and production. Inaccordance with this, we have investigated theextent to which the sustainability criteriawere decisive for the destiny of one approvedand one declined application of geneticallymodified plant release. The presentunderstanding of the ecological,socio-economical, and cultural consequences ofGMO use and release is fragmentary anduncertain. We consider the PrecautionaryPrinciple and the notion of equitabledistribution as key issues within thesustainable development framework, henceconstituting important foundations for ouranalyses. The Act is legitimizingsustainability criteria, but does not seem tosecure their conversion into concrete action.We envisage a more conscious implementation ofthe Norwegian Gene Technology Act.Sustainability concerns ecological, economical,and social values, and these can only beensured through long-term thinking, initiationof independent risk-associated research, andbroad involvement of all stakeholders in theevaluation of GMO issues and concerns.     

Availability of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc to various vegetables grown in slag-contaminated soils

To anticipate a possible hazard resulting from the plant uptake of metals from slag-contaminated soils, it is useful to study whether vegetables exist that are able to mobilize a given metal in the slag to a larger proportion than in an uncontaminated control soil. For this purpose, we studied the soil to plant transfer of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc by the vegetables bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'dwarf bean Modus'), kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.), mangold (Beta vulgaris var. macrorhiza ), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. 'American gathering brown'), carrot (Daucus carota L. 'Rotin', 'Sperlings's'), and celery [Apium graveiolus var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.] from a control soil (Ap horizon of a Entisol) and from a contaminated soil (1:1 soil-slag mixtures). Two types of slags were used: an iron-rich residue from pyrite (FeS2) roasting and a residue from coal firing. The metal concentrations in the slags, soils, and plants were used to calculate for each metal and soil-slag mixture the plant-soil fractional concentration ratio (CRfractional,slag), that is, the concentration ratio of the metal that results only from the slag in the soil. With the exception of TI, the resulting values obtained for this quantity for As, Cu, Pb, and Zn and for all vegetables were significantly smaller than the corresponding plant-soil concentration ratios (CRcontrol soil) for the uncontaminated soil. The results demonstrate quantitatively that the ability of a plant to accumulate a given metal as observed for a control soil might not exist for a soil-slag mixture, and vice versa.