草原上的明珠——达里诺尔

达里诺尔作为内蒙古四大湖泊之一,有着重要的生态价值,这里还是世界上唯一产鱼的碱性湖泊。随着经济的发展,入湖河水越来越少,草原沙化也越来越严重,达里湖正在逐渐缩小,保护已迫在眉睫。     

青海可可西里地区湖泊水系环境水化学

在综合科学考察的基础上,经过大量的水质化学数据的测试,阐明了可可西里地区湖泊的水化学基本特征。包括分析了流域盆地内天然降水、水系及湖泊的水质展布趋向,运用离子域随机图式聚类阐明了湖水物质来源条件,还对典型湖泊的水温、分异、相变等进行了介绍和讨论;采用难溶盐法对本区水体进行水化学分类,阐明了湖泊水化学类型的地域性及其与区域地质环境条件的关系。     

城市公园湖泊污染治理实践

城市公园湖泊水体保护和水污染治理越来越受到人们的重视。公园内水体往往补充水源不足，自净能力脆弱，当受到污染，湖水会变黑发臭，破坏公园美景。深圳市东湖公园人工湖污染治理过程中结合了水利防洪、环境保护、园林绿化等措施进行综合治理，通过截污、清淤、补充水、湖泊堤岸及拦水橡胶坝的恢复等措施，使湖泊水质得到彻底改善。合理的设计使人工湖具有滞洪防洪功能，还可对公园内地下水起到调节和补充作用，清澈的湖水又使人工湖成为公园内秀丽的景点。该项目为城市公园湖泊污染综合治理进行了一次探索和实践。     

武汉市某小型浅水人工湖泊水质季节性变化研究

对武汉市某小型浅水人工湖泊水质进行一年的理化监测并分析,结果显示：COD、BOD5均有季节性变化的规律;气温的变化影响湖水及底泥中微生物的活性;天然降水量不同对湖水稀释程度不同;底泥的污染物释放量受温度影响;该水体可生化性差。据此,提出保护湖水的措施。     

如何保护如何开发? 我国最早的自然保护区长白山引来的思考

长白山天池略呈椭圆形,实际湖面高度为2 194 m,是我国最高的火口湖。天池的湖水面积为9.8 km2,湖水平均深度204 m,最深处达373 m,是我国最深的湖泊。     

喀纳斯湖水生物资源的调查研究与保护利用

喀纳斯湖是我国最深的淡水湖,湖水面积４０ｋｍ２,湖水里生物量很可观,现已知有９种鱼,濒于灭绝的“哲罗鲑”（大红鱼）确实存在。１９６８年喀纳斯湖被列为国家级自然景观保护区,主要保护湖泊,森林和野生动物。     

建立达里诺尔丹顶鹤、天鹅保护区的建议

作者在文章申介绍了内蒙古克什克腾旗境内达里诺尔湖区的自然生态环境。文章说:这个湖区生存和栖息     

不同时空尺度下土地利用对博斯腾湖水质的影响

水资源是区域社会经济发展的重要战略资源,尤其在地表水资源稀缺的干旱区,湖泊的水文循环调节、水资源调蓄、水质净化等作用在干旱区显得尤为重要。为研究干旱地区不同空间尺度土地利用对内陆干旱湖泊水质的影响,以博斯腾湖为研究对象,分析湖泊水质时空变化特征,并通过与周边六期土地利用进行统计相关分析,阐明土地利用变化对不同水质指标的影响。结果表明：2005—2019年博斯腾湖水质有较大改善。根据标准,氨氮的浓度在地表水环境I～II类水水质标准之间,高锰酸盐指数和总磷处于地表水环境Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水水质标准之间,但湖水总矿化度仍大于1 000 mg/L的淡水标准,属于微咸水。相关性分析表明：耕地、城市、未利用地等面积占比与水质指标之间具有强相关性;多元线性回归和冗余分析结果表明：有效改善水质主要需要从城市用地、耕地和草地三种土地类型规划和布局着手。     

好消息

我国将投资6亿元保护最大沙漠淡水湖红碱淖为了抢救性保护湖水持续萎缩的红碱淖,从今年开始我国将红碱淖列入全国湖泊生态环境保护项目。该项目将连续实施3年,财政部计划每年划拨资金1亿元人民币,县地方财政每年配套1亿元人民币,3年总投资将达6亿元人民币。根据相关通知,红碱淖成为陕西省第一个被列入全国湖泊生态环境保护项目的湖泊。     

东钱湖与太湖的比较

正东钱湖周边的发展很快,与几年前的渔村景象大有不同,但相同的是湖水依然清澈。东钱湖的湖水让我想起了太湖的蓝藻水华事件,同样是大型天然湖,水质污染情况竟然会如此不同。东钱湖是浙江省最大的天然淡水湖,面积为杭州西湖的三倍。东钱湖被列为中国湖泊生态环保试点。东钱湖又是宁波重要的水利工程。由于湖水调节气温,既宜于农业精耕细作,旱涝保收,也利于航运和消暑避寒。而且,宁波市区大部分     

Discharge and Nutrient Transport between Lakes in a Hydrologically Complex Area of Voyageurs National Park,Minnesota, 2010‐2012

An acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) was deployed in the narrows between Namakan and Kabetogama Lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, from November 3, 2010, through October 3, 2012. The ADVM can account for wind, seiche, and changing flow direction in hydrologically complex areas. The objectives were to (1) estimate discharge and document the direction of water flow, (2) assess whether specific conductance can be used to determine flow direction, and (3) document nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations at the narrows. The discharge direction through the narrows was seasonal. Water generally flowed out of Kabetogama Lake and into Namakan Lake throughout the ice‐covered season. During spring, water flow was generally from Namakan Lake to Kabetogama Lake. During the summer and fall, the water flowed in both directions, affected in part by wind. Water flowed into Namakan Lake 70% of water year 2011 and 56% of water year 2012. Nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were highest during the summer months when water‐flow direction was unpredictable. The use of an ADVM was effective for assessing flow direction and provided flow direction under ice. The results indicated the eutrophic Kabetogama Lake may have a negative effect on the more pristine Namakan Lake. The results also provide data on the effects of the current water‐level management plan and may help determine if adjustments are necessary to help protect the aquatic ecosystem of Voyageurs National Park.     

引江济太入湖污染物通量及其对太湖水质贡献

引江济太工程是旨在改善太湖水质的重要工程举措,弄清调水过程中输入太湖的污染物负荷量是研究调水效果的重要方面。本研究根据2003年~2008年调水量和望亭立交闸下的水质监测数据,定量地计算了调水的入湖水量和污染物通量。同时根据2000年~2005年环湖30条河道每月一次的水文及水质监测数据,计算每年环湖河道的入湖水量及污染物通量。通过比较结果表明平均每年调水的入湖污染物通量约占总入湖污染物通量的10%,定量地给出了调水对太湖水质的贡献。     

HARVESTING AS A CONTROL FOR AQUATIC PLANTS1

Studies of the effects of harvesting on hydrophytes in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin indicate that one harvest reduced growth by at least 50%, two harvests reduced it by 75% and three harvests virtually eliminated plant material for the year. The studies also indicated that harvesting one year reduced the biomass the following year, especially in deep water. Three harvests during the previous year were most effective in controlling biomass the second year.     

白洋淀污染现状空间分布规律可视化分析

选用2012年为现状年,运用Surfer软件对白洋淀主要污染物浓度的现状分布、富营养化程度分布及其趋势面进行可视化分析。结果表明:白洋淀大部分淀区的营养盐污染、有机污染以及富营养化程度都相当严重,污染程度由西向东逐渐减轻,其中入淀控制监测断面的污染最严重;白洋淀的污染主要由入淀河流排污产生的点源污染所致,应对白洋淀入淀河流污染进行严格治理;利用Surfer软件制图结果表述简单直观,为白洋淀水质污染状况的表征和评价提供了一种新的尝试。     

LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN NONPOINT SOURCE PHOSPHORUS ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: Existing land use data were used to estimate nonpoint source phosphorus loads to Lake Champlain (Vermont/New York/Quebec) in a loading function model that combined P concentration coefficients with regional hydrologic data. The estimates were verified against monitored loading data, then used to assess the relative magnitudes of contributions from major land uses and regions of the Lake Champlain Basin. The Basin is comprised of 62 percent forest, 28 percent agricultural land, 3 percent urban land, and 7 percent water. The best-fit model estimated an annual total P load of 457 mt/year, which did not differ significantly from the 458 metric tons/year measured for an average hydrologic year, and accurately predicted loads from major tributaries. Agriculture contributes 66 percent of the annual nonpoint source P load to Lake Champlain; urban and forest land contribute 18 percent and 16 percent, respectively. Because agricultural land contributes most nonpoint source P to Lake Champlain, load reduction effort must deal with agricultural sources. However, because the urban 3 percent of the basin contributes 18 percent of the estimated load, high load reduction efficiencies might be achieved by addressing urban sources. This assessment clearly demonstrated the relationship between land use and P loads in the Lake Champlain Basin, a prerequisite for policy-makers to endorse a P management strategy requiring changes in land use and management.     

REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING STUDY FOR NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: The development of a regional water supply system for the six-county area of Northeastern Illinois is presented in this paper, including: 1) the establishment of regional water supply technical planning policies; 2) the development and utilization of a regional water supply computer model to identify the principal and secondary sources of water supply for each entity in the study area, based on an apparent cost-effective source analysis; and 3) utilization of the study results to develop for the year 2010 a suggested preliminary regional water supply system. Using the findings from task 2 above, a proposed plan for overall Lake Michigan water use through the year 2010 was also developed. The effects of the proposed regional water supply system on future water levels in the deep aquifer were also discussed.     

新沟河排水对太湖水环境影响研究

太湖西北部尤其是梅梁湖水质较差,新沟河延伸拓浚工程实施后,可通过外排梅梁湖水改变太湖的水动力水质环境.利用Mike21建立太湖二维水动力水质数学模型,研究该工程实施后对太湖水动力水质的影响.研究得到:新沟河工程实施后,可有效改善梅梁湖的水动力条件,梅梁湖换水周期缩短13.3％;同时,梅梁湖CODMn、 TP、TN等主要...     

太湖流域上游典型水体中氮、磷动态变化特征研究

本研究在太湖流域上游的太湖与湖间的区域内，选择了25个监测点，对6种典型水体中TN、TP含量进行了为期1年的动态监测，分析了不同类型水体中氮、磷动态变化特征。其结果表明，畜禽养殖厂周围水体TN、TP含量在4～8月份相对较低；水产养殖场周围水体和居民区周围水体TN含量在1～6月份高于其他时间段，水产养殖场周围水体TP含较低的月份在5～8月，而居民区周围水体TP含量变化无明显规律；农田周围水体TN、TP含量较高的月份在12月至次年5月期间，最大值出现在3～4月；入湖河流与湖水TN含量变化趋势与农田周围水体基本一致，入湖河流TP含量在6～10月期间明显低于其他时间段，而湖水中TP含量变化则无明显规律。     

GROUND WATER SEEPAGE IN LAKE WASHINGTON AND THE UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN,FLORIDA1

Direct ground water seepage measurements were made in Lake Washington, Florida, to determine the importance of seepage as a water and chloride source to the lake and upper St. Johns River. Over 200 seepage measurements were made in the lake and adjoining canals from July through December 1978. Results indicated that seepage into the shore areas of Lake Washington was an insignificant water source to the lake, representing 0.6 percent of the inputs, and was nearly balanced by ground water recharge in the midlake region. Drainage canals entering Lake Washington, however, exhibited high average seepage rates (17.7 L/m²-day), over eight times the lake average (2.01 L/M²-day). Discharge from the St. Johns River was the dominant factor in the water budget of Lake Washington and represented approximately 88 percent of the inputs during the study year. Although inputs from the drainage canals represented only 6.6 percent of the St. Johns River annual discharge, these canals represented 20.4 percent of the annual St. Johns River chloride loading and 62.1 percent of the river chloride loading during the five driest months of 1978. Evidence from this study indicates that rising levels of chloride in the river in recent years are largely attributable to ground water seepage in channelized areas, particularly in the headwaters. These chloride inputs assume greater importance during low water/low flow periods.     

Mitigating Impact of Devils Lake Flooding on the Sheyenne River Sulfate Concentration

Devils Lake is a terminal lake located in northeast North Dakota. Because of its glacial origin and accumulated salts from evaporation, the lake has a high concentration of sulfate compared to the surrounding water bodies. From 1993 to 2011, Devils Lake water levels rose by ~10 m, which flooded surrounding communities and increased the chance of an overspill to the Sheyenne River. To control the flooding, the State of North Dakota constructed two outlets to pump the lake water to the river. However, the pumped water has raised concerns about of water quality degradation and potential flooding risk of the Sheyenne River. To investigate these perceived impacts, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Sheyenne River and it was linked to a coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2 model that was developed for Devils Lake in a previous study. While the current outlet schedule has attempted to maintain the total river discharge within the confines of a two‐year flood (36 m³/s), our simulation from 2012 to 2018 revealed that the diversion increased the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration from an average of 125 to >750 mg/L. Furthermore, a conceptual optimization model was developed with a goal of better preserving the water quality of the Sheyenne River while effectively mitigating the flooding of Devils Lake. The optimal solution provides a “win–win” outlet management that maintains the efficiency of the outlets while reducing the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration to ≤600 mg/L.