联邦德国北威州的环境管理

本文概述了北威州的社会、经济、自然、环境情况,以及德国环境立法的现状和特点,着重全面介绍了北威州政府各级环境管理机构与职能,并分析了德国环境管理机构设置的特点。在我国环境管理机构建设和加强环境管理工作中可作“他山之石”。     

从机构的设置析我国环境管理体制的不足及完善

缺额强有力的跨区环境管理机构、高规格的专门性法定协调机构及专门性的法定咨询机构，是我国目前环境管理体制中的不足，本文对此提出了完善建议。     

物业公司是绿色社区创建的同盟军

在绿色社区创建活动广泛开展的进程中,实际上涉及到两种区域,两个管理机构,一个是以居委会为管理机构的社区,一个是以物业公司为管理机构的小区。从现实情况看,社区的管辖范围大多数涵盖若干个小区,而各小区内的环境则基本上是由物业公司负责管理,在人力和物力的投入、与居民接触的频率都相对比社区高,可见,物业管理公司是社区所辖小区环境的直接维护单位。依照国务院令公布的《物业管理条例》,     

关于修改我国《环境保护法》的若干思考

我国现行的《环境保护法》存在着计划经济色彩浓厚,缺乏对环境资源的市场机制的构建,环境管理机构设置重叠、空缺,立法体系不完善,立法内容交叉矛盾等诸多问题,严重影响了对环境资源的合理利用和保护。我国《环境保护法》的修改和完善,应以可持续发展为指导思想,立法上应体现全过程控制思想,对环境资源法的基本原则进行重大修正,引入市场机制合理配置环境资源,解决环境管理机构设置重叠、空缺的问题,完善立法体系。     

论加强环境资源市场管理

三、环境资源市场管理的政策加强环境资源市场的管理，可以通过制定正确的政策、健全管理机构、加强法制建设等途径。其中加强环境资源管理政策的制定处于优先的地位，因为政策是行动的指南，政策是法规的基础。根据我国环境资源市场管理的现状和发展趋势，笔者认为应该逐步制定如下政策：1、环境资源权属关系政策。明确环境资源及其产品的各种权属关系，划清环境权、所有权、使用权、管理权和经营权之间的界限，这对于加强环境资源市场的管理、搞好环境资源保护工作，具有十分重要的意义。笔者认为；对于那些流动无国界的、整体不可分割的…     

经济技术开发区环境管理的若干问题

近几年来，特别是十四大以后．全国各地相继批准建设了各类经济技术开发区。就我省情况来看，现已批准成立了10个国家级和48个省级经济技术开发区，市县直至各乡境也相应建设了大量的经济开发区。作为各地区经济发展的新的增长点，它们的建设正在为发展当地地方经济提供着新的契机。然而。这一新生事物的出现和蓬勃发展也为环境管理工作很出了一个崭新的课颗。本文仅就目前开发区建设过程中较突出和迫切需要解决的环境上地资源利用、环境管理机构设置以及环境管理规划问题谈点不成熟的看法。仅供讨论与参考。我们江苏省人多地少的矛盾原本就…     

完善承包机制推动企业环保工作

1985年以来,攀钢安全环保处面对企业深化改革的形势,不断摸索企业环境管理工作的新方法,初步形成了一套较有特色的风险承包机制,有力地促进了企业环保工作的开展。一、引入承包机制。 1985年以前,我公司就成立了两级环境管理机构和环境监测站,建立了十多种环境管理规章制度,明确了各级生产组织者的环保责任,初步形成了全公司三级环境管理网络系统,逐步探索出一套较切合实际的环保考核指标体系,并以此为基础     

谈环保投资存在的问题及解决办法

环境与发展，是当今国际社会普遍关注的重大问题，实现可持续性发展，已成为全世界紧迫艰巨的任务。投资是环境保护的第一推动力，没有投资就没有环境状况的改善。近年来我国逐步制定和实施了一系列环境保护政策和措施，建立和开拓了环境保护投资渠道，这对环境保护事业的发展起了十分重要的作用。但是环保投资领域也存在很多问题，诸如环保投入不足，缺乏制约机制，技术水难落后，管理机构和人员缺乏等，而要解决这些问题则需有的放矢，以增加环保投入为主要突破口，以建立有效的环保制约机制为保证，提高环保投资技术水平和构建合理管理机…     

扶贫区的环境管理

当前，随着一系列扶贫项目的实施，一些地区已率先搞下“贫困帽”，搭上“富康车”。然而，在贫困区的经济取得发展的同时，环境的污染、资源的破坏也成了扶贫中严重的问题。一些贫困区的环境污染和资源的破坏随着经济的发展在逐步加剧。今年年初颁布的烟家八七扶贫攻坚计划》，将对全国最贫困、最落后的地区实行扶贫攻坚，据此，作为现在既是基层政府职能部门，也是国家环境法规执行机关的环境管理机构和管理干部，如何把握扶贫区环境问题的新特点、新要求，保证脱贫致富、环境保护齐头并进的势头．使扶贫区人民生活水平快速提高，笔者拟做…     

中国环境教育发展概览

在近40年的环境教育实践中,中国环境教育在曲折中发展,取得的成就是毋庸置疑的,但也还存在一些问题。中国环境教育的内容尽管处在不断扩展和不断深化之中,但还是存在内容单一片面、思想肤浅滞后的问题。中国至今没有全国范围的环境教育立法,环境教育的学术地位也还基本没有树立起来,各级学校以及公众的环境教育实效性则有待加强。     

The local authority EMAS in the UK: the Sutton model

The London Borough of Sutton was the first local authority in the UK to register units under the EMAS scheme. Working on a unit by unit basis the whole of the authority will be registered by the end of 1999. The EMAS was seen as the most appropriate tool for maintaining and expanding existing environmental initiatives in an increasingly restricted sector. The resulting new systems and work practices were seen to increase organizational efficiency by making sure that the right environmental questions were asked by the right people at the right time. The work has highlighted a number of strengths and weaknesses of the EMAS for local authorities and has highlighted the need for a more integrated approach in the future for local authorities to meet fully the needs of sustainability and Local Agenda 21.     

Building an integrated environmental,health, and safety management system

This article discusses an integrated management system that aligns and integrates the various environmental, health, and safety functions and disciplines. This model is easily adopted to provide performance measures required to satisfy Responsible Care®, ISO 14001, and the European Union EMAS requirements.     

采掘行业环境影响评价制度存在问题的探讨

环境影响评价是环境管理的重要组成部分,为我国的环境管理决策提供重要依据。但在实际工作中,我国的环境管理工作仍然存在一定的问题。本文结合采掘行业的特点,分别从法律层面、设计层面和环境影响评价层面等三个方向进行分析,结合发现的问题提出建议,力求从不同的角度完善相关制度和技术要求。从而使采掘行业的环境管理能全面涵盖采掘行业开发过程,最大程度地减少采掘行业开发过程中的环境影响,完善采掘行业环境影响评价制度,对我国采掘行业生态环境的改善及环境影响评价法制建设起到一定的借鉴意义。     

POEMS: A Case Study of an Italian Wine-Producing Firm

Over the last decade, researchers paid much attention to concepts such as Design for Environment, Extended Producer Responsibility, Responsible Chain Management, and Eco-design. Many management tools and standards (such as EMAS, ISO 14001, LCA, EPD, Ecolabel) have been developed to support companies in the evaluation and management of their environmental performance and to pursue continual environmental improvement. The more recent development of the aforesaid fields looks at interorganizational environmental management. Such an approach can complement the more traditional intraorganizational corporate environmental management approaches and tools. A typical example of this new trend is the Product Oriented Environmental Management System (POEMS), which represents the natural evolution of the above-mentioned tools, combining the features of EMS, EPD and Ecolabel. Although the structure of the POEMS is still not standardized, many experimental applications have yet been carried out in Europe. In developing a POEMS, a company needs to determine all of the environmental impacts caused at all life-cycle stages of the product and, ideally, to reduce all of them through a continual commitment. The aim of the present study was to perform a survey of the developed POEMS models and to analyze their peculiarities and drawbacks in the application to Small and Medium Enterprises. A case study regarding an Italian winery company is presented. The study analyzes the structure and the activities of the examined firm, in order to estimate direct and indirect environmental impacts following a life-cycle approach. The chosen functional unit is a 0.75-L bottle of red wine. The article also suggests some solutions to improve the environmental performances of the firm’s products.     

新老建设项目环境保护管理法规对照分析

最近颁布的《建设项目环境保护管理条例》,使我国环境影响评价制度在法制化的轨道上又向前迈进了一步,对我国环境影响评价工作的开展将产生重大影响。本文就原《建设项目环境保护管理办法》与新条例作出分析比较。     

区域环境管理体系认证带来的巨大优势

本文通过介绍秦皇岛经济技术开发区进行环境管理体系认证后发生的种种变化,阐述了区域环境管理体系认证给秦皇岛经济开发区带来的巨大变化。开展区域环境管理体系认证的好处主要体现在:提高了区域竞争力和招商引资的条件;有利于实现区域环境与经济的协调发展;促进了区内企业部分管理水平的提高;增强了全区员工的环境意识;对企业环境管理起到了推动作用。     

我国环境管理模式的转变

本文通过对我国的环境管理发展历程分析后认为,我国的环境管理模式已由过去单一的管理模式转变为强化执法监督、加大投入、注重技术相互结合的综合型管理模式,在继续强化执法监督的同时,不断提高环保投入的比例和不断增加科技含量,是环境管理发展的趋势。     

From eco-management and audit (EMAS) to sustainability management and audit (SMAS)

The local authority version of the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (LA-EMAS) can already be used as a tool for managing towards sustainability. But it can also be used in a much less ambitious 'procedural' way. This article suggests how LA-EMAS could be developed more fully into a sustainability management tool embracing social issues, a concern over environmental carrying capacities, and stakeholder involvement. This raises questions which should be considered in the run-up to the review of the EMAS regulation in 1998.     

Definition of Homogeneous Environmental Management Units for the Catalan Coast

Geographical areas constitute the basic implementation locus for integrated coastal zone management strategies and activities. Because the definition of territorial planning objectives may be affected by socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, one of the main steps in the process involves dividing the coast into homogeneous environmental management units (HEMUs). This article presents a general and simple method for regionalizing the landside of a coastal zone into HEMUs and illustrates it through application to the Catalan coast. Socioeconomic and natural (biophysical) subsystems were selected as the most appropriate dimensions of the regionalization process. Dimensions were described using 11 spatial themes, which were managed in a geographic information system environment that proved to be an adequate tool for the purpose. A final coastal zone map of four classes of HEMUs connected to local administrative units was obtained, and because it reflects the current natural and socioeconomic dynamics, it can be considered as an initial step in the planning process for the Catalan coast. Although the proposed method was developed based on the characteristics of the Catalan coast, it is general enough to be adapted and applied to most developed or developing coastal areas.     

Governance of environmental risk: new approaches to managing stakeholder involvement

Disputes concerning industrial legacies such as the disposal of toxic wastes illustrate changing pressures on corporations and governments. Business and governments are now confronted with managing the expectations of a society increasingly aware of the social and environmental impacts and risks associated with economic development and demanding more equitable distribution and democratic management of such risks. The closed managerialist decision-making of the powerful bureaucracies and corporations of the industrial era is informed by traditional management theory which cannot provide a framework for the adequate governance of these risks. Recent socio-political theories have conceptualised some key themes that must be addressed in a more fitting approach to governance. We identify more recent management and governance theory which addresses these themes and develop a process-based approach to governance of environmental disputes that allows for the evolving nature of stakeholder relations in a highly complex multiple stakeholder arena.