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1.
《环境化学》2017,(6)
以焦炭为原料、KOH为活化剂制备改性焦炭,采用原位氧化沉淀法制备纳米Fe_3O_4负载于改性焦炭表面上,制备出磁性复合材料,利用N2等温吸附(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶交换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)等对其进行了表征,并研究了其对罗丹明B的吸附性能,系统考察了吸附动力学、吸附等温线、pH、吸附剂投加量对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,改性焦炭微孔结构发达,利于Fe_3O_4分散负载其表面上.Fe_3O_4/改性焦炭具有良好的磁性能和吸附性能,在2 h内对罗丹明B达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合准二级吸附动力学方程,等温吸附数据符合Langmuir模型,吸附是自发行为且为吸热反应.吸附剂在较宽的pH范围内有较高的吸附量,罗丹明B去除率可达98.32%. 相似文献
2.
许多有机化合物自身没有致癌毒性,但进入生物体内,经过体内代谢酶的催化后转化成活性中间体,与DNA形成共价化合物.这些间接的损伤会最终导致DNA分子结构和功能的变化,对人类的健康造成威胁.因此,建立一种快速有效的方法检测间接致癌化合物对DNA的损伤,成为当前研究的热点.论文建立了一种新型的光电化学生物传感器来检测有机化合物苯乙烯对DNA的间接损伤效应,该传感器以层层自组装的方式将光电信号分子、双链DNA和血红蛋白组装在半导体电极上.在H2O2存在的条件下,传感膜中的血红蛋白可将苯乙烯转化为氧化苯乙烯,氧化苯乙烯扩散到膜内,与DNA形成加合物,引起DNA结构变化,导致光电分子光电流信号的增加.实验中,将修饰好的电极置于终浓度为2mM H2O2和2%苯乙烯(体积比)的混合液(pH7.3的磷酸缓冲液配制)中反应一段时间后,在电解质溶液中进行光电流检测.实验结果表明,光电流信号随着反应时间逐渐升高,在30min后趋于稳定,表明苯乙烯在传感膜上的氧化和DNA的损伤反应基本完成.与反应前相比,反应后光电流增加了40%,并且酶催化苯乙烯生成的氧化苯乙烯经紫外可见光谱得到验证.论文建立的光电化学生物传感器模拟了体内DNA损伤反应过程,能快速有效地检测苯乙烯对DNA的间接损伤效应,有望为有机化合物潜在基因毒性的风险评估提供一个快速筛查工具。 相似文献
3.
分别用十二胺(DDA)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(TMAOH)做模板合成了中孔骨架钛催化剂Ti-HMS和T1-MCM-41,FT-IR表征显示催化剂在960cm-1附近有吸收峰,且强度与硅钛比成正比 研究了催化剂制备条件对苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响,结果表明:焙烧温度为650℃、活化温度为200℃、反应温度45-55℃、反应时间6h,苯乙烯转化率接近80%,环氧化苯乙烯收率达70% 相似文献
4.
碳热还原二氧化硫的热力学平衡验证 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
用煤或焦炭作还原剂,将烟气中的二氧化硫直接还原为元素硫是一种很有应用前景的烟气处理方法。本文采用循环法研究了碳的类型、温度、以及碳用量对反应达到平衡时硫收率和SO2转化率的影响。实验结果表明,与文献的理论计算结果相比,碳用量对平衡组成的影响基本一致,而温度的影响则不尽相同。 相似文献
5.
用~(32)P后标记方法,对一组22例接触苯乙烯的工人和8例未接触苯乙烯(空白)的工人进行测试,其静脉血中的淋巴细胞有4例(高浓度,大于40ppm)发现DNA-环氧苯乙烯加合物;而另外接触高浓度苯乙烯、低浓度苯乙烯和空白试样中,均未发现。在已测出的4例中,加合物形成水平为0.07—3.38加合物/10~7正常核酸,DNA的总损伤水平为5—9加合物/10~7正常核酸。 用小牛胸腺DNA、四种脱氧核苷3′-单磷酸分别与环氧苯乙烯进行体外反应,然后用~(32)P后标记法测定产物中的DNA加合物,初步确证有六种加合物及其衍生物存在,修饰位置是鸟苷碱基。并确证了其中三种加合物的化学结构,另外几种加合物的结构有待进一步鉴定。 ~(32)P后标记法测DNA加合物,灵敏度高达1加合物/10~(10)正常核酸,近于人体二倍体细胞基因水平(1.2×10~(10)碱基)。 相似文献
6.
温度对污泥热解产物及特性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
温度是污泥热解产物及产物分布状况的主要影响因素之一。为了确定最优的热解温度,为不同的热解工艺提供参考,用直径为200mm的外热式固定床反应器,以唐山西郊污水处理厂剩余污泥为实验物料,在终温为250~700℃并在初期通以氮气的情况下,对污泥的热解产物分布及特性进行了研究。实验表明:在物料成分和其它条件不变的情况下,热解反应所需时间随着热解终温的升高而缩短;热解气和热解焦油的质量分数增大;焦炭质量分数减小。热解焦炭的工业分析表明,随热解终温的升高挥发分减少、固定碳和灰分增加。热解焦油的热值在10~43MJ·kg-1之间;焦炭的热值10~24MJ·kg-1之间。 相似文献
7.
8.
美国NRC支持将苯乙烯列为致癌物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《生态毒理学报》2014,(4)
<正>2014年7月29日美国国家研究委员会(NRC)支持国家毒理学计划在其第12份《致癌物报告》中将苯乙烯列为"有理由预期是一种人类致癌物"的物质。美国国会在2012年授权NRC审查苯乙烯的该列入。NRC负责进行这项审查的委员会对上述《致癌物报告》列入进行了一项同行评议,并对苯乙烯研究文献进行了一项独立评估后得出结论:该列人基于人类研究中"有限但可信的"致癌性证据、充分的动物研究证据以及苯乙烯暴露对人类细胞DNA损害机制研究中的"具有说服力的相关信息"。同时,NRC研究了该文件中引用的主要文献以及在2011年6月10日以后发表的其他研究,发现《致癌 相似文献
9.
PVA-SbQ固定叶绿体及其生物传感器在检测除草剂中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
聚乙烯-苯乙烯吡啶(PVA-SbQ)是一种新的光敏聚合物,在紫外光诱导下形成大分子网状结构,电镜照片显示PVA-SbQ固定的新鲜菠菜叶绿体-20℃贮存6mo后,内,外膜结构完整,类囊体膜排列整齐,还原DPIP的能力保留50%,将叶绿体膜固定在铂电极上,制成生物传感器,在含0.035H2O2的50mmol L^-1,pH7.4Tris-HCl缓冲液中,25℃条件下用示差脉冲伏安法检测除草剂,在0-1.0 μg/L浓度范围,百草枯,敌草隆,扑草净和阿特闰津具有较好的线性关系。图6参29 相似文献
10.
《城市环境与城市生态》1993,(4)
日本积水化工制品公司工程系统部为了推进资源回用工作,从去年四月至今已购置六十台FM系列的发泡苯乙烯再生处理机,其目的是进行废物减容处理.经处理后,其体积减至原来的1/20~1/50.该机由上部的三个齿轮和下部的二个齿轮构成.上部的两个齿轮将废弃的发泡苯乙烯加入机内,然后进行搔挠性粉碎.粉碎了的发泡苯乙烯落到下部,由下部的两个齿轮进行挤压性粉碎,利用挤压摩擦热将发泡苯乙烯制成颗粒状树脂. 相似文献
11.
焦化废水的微生物脱色 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在试验室条件下,分离出3株焦化废水脱色优势菌株,采用恒温连续进水的固定化生物膜系统,研究了焦化放心水中有代表性的难降解污染指标一色度的去除.tHR12h,系统出水色度平均由330倍降至65倍,去除率79.5%以上。 相似文献
12.
Zulkifly JEMAAT Josep Anton TORA Albert BARTROLI Julián CARRERA Julio PEREZ 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):528
A ratio control strategy has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of this automatic control procedure for the achievement of stable full and partial nitritation. The control strategy assured constant ratio between the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the bulk liquid of aerobic granular sludge reactors operating in continuous mode. Three different set-ups with different reactor capacities were used (3, 110, and 150 L). High strength synthetic wastewaters and reject water were tested with similar performance. Achieved nitrogen loading rates ranged between 0.4 and 6.1 kgN·m-3·d-1, at temperatures between 20°C and 30°C. Granular sludge and nitritation were stable in the long term continuous operation of the reactors. Suitable stable effluent for Anammox has been obtained using the desired TAN setpoint (i.e. 50% of influent ammonium oxidation). An existing biofilm model developed incorporating the implemented control loops and validated in a previous publication was used to investigate the effects of the ammonium concentration of the influent and the biofilm density on the achievement of full nitritation. The model demonstrated how sludge recirculation events led to a stable and significant increase of the biomass concentration in the reactor, which in turn resulted in the achievement of high nitrogen loading rates, due to the action of the control strategy. The model predicted an enhancement of stable full nitritation at higher ammonium concentrations in the influent. Poor influence of the biofilm density in the achievement of full nitritation was predicted with the model. 相似文献
13.
Bacterial isolates from multi-species biofilms were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequences and investigated for their inductive
effects as monospecific biofilms on larval metamorphosis of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm was found to have inductive activity, which increased with increasing cell density. The cue(s) of Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm responsible for inducing larval metamorphosis was further investigated. Treatment of the biofilm with formalin,
ethanol, heat or ultraviolet irradiation resulted in a significant reduction in the inductive activity of Alteromonas sp. 1, and the crude extract of surface-bound products of the biofilm showed no activity. These results indicated that if
the cue was a surface-bound chemical cue, it was unstable, or susceptible to the treatments or the extraction process. On
the other hand, the inductive activity of treated biofilms had a linear regression to the cell survival of bacteria, indicating
a metabolically active biofilm was a requirement for larval metamorphosis. Conditioned water of the biofilm did not induce
larvae to metamorphose. However, larval crawling behavior in the conditioned water was the same as that in the biofilm prior
to larval metamorphosis, and significantly different to larval behavior in seawater. This indicated that a potential or partial
waterborne cue existed, but remained inactive when alone. A synergistic effect of the conditioned water with formalin-fixed
Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm resulted in a significant increase in larval metamorphosis. Heat treatment and fractionation of the conditioned
water demonstrated that the waterborne cue was heat-stable and <3,000 Da in molecular weight. Platinum-coating, Lentil Lectin
and Wheat Germ Agglutinin treatments of the formalin-fixed biofilm significantly reduced its synergistic effect with the conditioned
water, suggesting that a surface-bound cue was present on the biofilm and that the cue might be associated with the bacterial
exopolysaccharide or glycoprotein. Evidence presented here suggests that two chemical cues derived from bacteria act synergistically
on larval metamorphosis of Mytilus galloprovincialis. 相似文献
14.
15.
太湖典型入湖河道中氨氮去除研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
入湖河流是湖泊营养物质的一个重要来源,因此入湖河道水质的改善是控制湖泊富营养化的关键。文章采用自行研制的新型仿生填料直接布设在河道内的生物接触氧化法,在不影响河流生态结构和原有使用功能的前提下,对河流微污染水体进行氨氮的去除研究。研究结果显示,氨氮的净去除率在5.35%~39.91%,其中最高为7月的39.91%,最低月为12月的5.35%。试验期间生物膜的平均厚度为0.8~1.1mm(雨后略厚),生物膜内的微生物主要是一些贫营养微生物,数量少,因此形成的生物膜较薄,生物膜由表及里几乎全是好气层。同时,根据氨氮去除率与硝化菌的数量关系也可以看出试验河段内氨氮的去除主要是靠硝化菌的硝化作用来完成的。 相似文献
16.
Veena Bangalore Rangappa Vidya Shetty Kodialbail Saidutta Malur Bharthaiyengar 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(4):16
Continuous pulsed plate bioreactor (PPBR) was used for phenol biodegradation.
Pseudomonas desmolyticum cells immobilized on granular activated carbon was used.
Dynamic and steady state biofilm characteristics depend on dilution rate (DR).
Lower DR favour phenol degradation and uniform, thick biofilm formation.
Exo polymeric substance production in biofilm are favoured at lower dilution rates.
Pulsed plate bioreactor (PPBR) is a biofilm reactor which has been proven to be very efficient in phenol biodegradation. The present paper reports the studies on the effect of dilution rate on the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of biofilms formed by the cells of Pseudomonas desmolyticum on granular activated carbon (GAC) in PPBR during biodegradation of phenol. The percentage degradation of phenol decreased from 99% to 73% with an increase in dilution rate from 0.33 h?1 to 0.99 h?1 showing that residence time in the reactor governs the phenol removal efficiency rather than the external mass transfer limitations. Lower dilution rates favor higher production of biomass, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as well as the protein, carbohydrate and humic substances content of EPS. Increase in dilution rate leads to decrease in biofilm thickness, biofilm dry density, and attached dry biomass, transforming the biofilm from dense, smooth compact structure to a rough and patchy structure. Thus, the performance of PPBR in terms of dynamic and steady-state biofilm characteristics associated with phenol biodegradation is a strong function of dilution rate. Operation of PPBR at lower dilution rates is recommended for continuous biologic treatment of wastewaters for phenol removal. 相似文献
17.
Zhuqiu Sun Bairen Yang Marvin Yeung Jinying Xi 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):17
18.
Katherina Petrou Scarlett Trimborn Michael Kühl Peter J. Ralph 《Marine Biology》2014,161(8):1765-1773
Chlorophyll a fluorescence was used to look at the effect of desiccation on the photophysiology in two beachrock microbial biofilms from the intertidal rock platform of Heron Island, Australia. The photophysiological response to desiccation differed between the beachrock microbial communities. The black biofilm from the upper shoreline, dominated by Calothrix sp., showed a response typical of desiccation-tolerant cyanobacteria, where photosynthesis closed down during air exposure with a rapid and complete recovery upon rehydration. In contrast, the pink biofilm from the mid-intertidal zone, dominated by Blennothrix sp., showed no distinct response to desiccation stress and instead maintained reduced photosynthesis throughout drying and re-wetting cycles. Spatial differences in photosynthetic activity within the black biofilm were evident with a faster recovery rate of photosynthesis in the surface cyanobacteria than in the deeper layers of the biofilm. There was no variation with depth in the pink biofilm. The photophysiological differences in desiccation responses between the beachrock biofilms exemplify the ecological niche specialisation of these complex microbial communities, where the functional differences help to explain their vertical distribution on the intertidal shoreline. 相似文献
19.
Wanqi Qi Weiying Li Junpeng Zhang Xuan Wu Jie Zhang Wei Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):15
20.
Biofilms were allowed to develop on glass slips immersed 1.0–1.5 m below the sea surface in Tachibana Bay, Nagasaki, Japan, for different periods of time from November 2003 to January 2005. The effects of age, immersion month, dry weight, bacterial and diatom densities of these biofilms on the settlement and metamorphosis of pediveliger larvae of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were investigated in the laboratory. Furthermore, biofilms were subjected to various treatments to investigate the nature of the settlement and metamorphosis cue in the biofilm. Pediveliger larvae of the mussel settled and metamorphosed in response to biofilms. Settlement and metamorphosis to the post-larval stage significantly increased with the biofilm age. In addition, the biofilm activity varied depending on the immersion month (season), e.g., for biofilms with the same age, those immersed between June and August had higher activities than those immersed between November and March. The activity of the biofilm also positively correlated with the dry weight, bacterial and diatom densities. These three quantitative parameters of the biofilm were significantly affected by the film age but were not affected by the immersion month, suggesting that other parameters (e.g., community structures, extracellular products) also affected the inductive activity of the biofilm. The fixative agents (formalin and glutaraldehyde), heat, ethanol, ultraviolet irradiation and antibiotics treatments of the biofilm resulted in significant reduction or loss of its inductive activity. The survival of bacterial cells in the treated films where activities were either reduced or lost also decreased significantly. No settlement and metamorphosis were obtained when larvae were exposed to the conditioned water of the biofilm. Thus, larvae of M. galloprovincialis settled and metamorphosed in response to a cue produced by living bacteria in the biofilm. The cue may be a bacterial extracellular product which was susceptible to the above treatments. 相似文献