全球都该重视跨国界污染问题了！

9月15日，在西非国家科特迪瓦经济首都阿比让．发生了一起令世人震惊的“毒垃圾”事件：一艘荷兰公司雇租的装有数百吨有毒工业垃圾的货轮从荷兰出发后先后在尼日利亚、塞内加尔、贝宁、多哥碰壁后。最终通过科特迪瓦代理公司将“毒垃圾”倾倒在阿比让的10多个露天垃圾处理场。垃圾排放的有毒气体硫化氩造成7人死亡、14人住院治疗．因呼吸障碍或其他不良反应到医院就诊者超过3．65万人次。     

科特迪瓦毒垃圾事件

2006年8月19日,一艘从荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹驶出的巴拿马籍货轮"Probo Koala"号在科特迪瓦首都阿比让十余处地点非法倾倒数百吨有毒工业垃圾,这艘悬挂着巴拿马国旗的希腊货轮为一家荷兰公司所租,用来运送石油工业垃圾。货轮在塞内加尔和尼日利亚等一些西非国家遭拒绝后,最终"落脚"阿比让。当天夜里,货轮通过科特迪瓦代     

科特迪瓦毒垃圾事件对中国危险废物进口管理的启示

科特迪瓦当地的承包商将数百吨来自荷兰的毒垃圾非法倾倒在阿比让的居民区附近,造成7人死亡,3.6万人出现不良症状,其政府也因此集体辞职.随着发达国家危险废物处置费用越来越高,其危险废物非法越境转移至发展中国家将越来越多.巴塞尔公约是控制危险废物非法越境转移的最重要的全球性环境条约.对科特迪瓦毒垃圾事件涉及的国际环境法问题进行分析,并讨论其对中国加强危险废物进口环境管理的启示.     

科特迪瓦"毒垃圾"事件

2006年8月1 9日,一艘从荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹驶出的巴拿马籍货轮"Probo Koa"号在科特迪瓦阿比让十余处地点非法倾倒数百吨有毒工业废液,导致整个城市弥漫着毒气和恶臭.     

科特迪瓦“毒垃圾”事件

2006年8月19日，一艘从荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹驶出的巴拿马籍货轮”Probo Koala”号在科特迪瓦阿比让十余处地点非法倾倒数百吨有毒工业废液，导致整个城市弥漫着毒气和恶臭。废液里含有硫化氢，许多当地居民都出现了恶心、     

严重的国际环境违法事件——科特迪瓦毒垃圾事件的国际法分析

西非国家科特迪瓦最近再次吸引了人们的眼球，不：泣这次不是因为该国的和平进程取得了多大进展，而是因为发生了毒垃圾致人死亡事件。并且，这些垃圾是乘坐某发达国家公司雇佣的。黉轮不远万里“转移”到科特迪瓦的。本文就该事件涉及的国际环境法问题进行分斫，并讨论其对中国加强危险废物进口环境管理的警示。     

读者来信

跨国界污染 “科特迪瓦毒垃圾事件给所有发展中国家敲响了警钟。我们一定要擦亮眼睛，坚决将“洋垃圾”拒之门外。”     

中国对废物越境转移的法律管制

科特迪瓦“毒垃圾”事件引发了世人广泛关注。这一事件确凿地揭示：管制固体废物越境转移（俗称“洋垃圾”进13）的国际控制与国内管制两个环节必须通过法律制度连接贯通，其中，国内的法律管制具有决定性的意义。     

荷兰进行海滩垃圾调查

1987年夏季,荷兰北海工作组和荷兰旅游委员会一起,首次对荷兰部分海滩进行了垃圾调查,其内容包括垃圾数量、组成以及来源等。 在荷兰,海滩上的垃圾大部分被当地的市政部门清除掉,但至今还没有一个法律性条文对海滩清洁负责。此次调查只沿那些开展过清除活动的岸段进行。因为在这些岸段垃圾的数量和组成等都比较好估算。 对从总长209km(相当于荷兰海岸的60％)的沙质海滩上所收集到的垃圾进行称重和筛     

科特迪瓦事件与危险废物越境转移的法律责任

引言：1988年6月，非洲的尼日利亚科科港发生了有害废物非法进口导致多人中毒死亡的事件。 也正是以这一事件为契机，国际社会经过艰苦谈判，在1年后通过了《控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约》（即《巴塞尔公约》）。该公约于1992年5月5日开始生效，成为严格管制危险废物及其废物的越境转移、并责成缔约国确保（特别是在废物处置阶段的）环境无害管理的第一个、也是最重要的全球性环境条约。 18年后的今天，在非洲的科特迪瓦阿比让，再次发生了令人震惊的危险废物越境转移导致多人中毒死亡的事件。围绕这一事件，人们不禁要问，这些从事危险废物越境转移的人，究竟应当承担什么样的法律责任。在回答这一问题之前，我们有必要考察一下《巴塞尔公约》的主要内容及其最新发展。[编者按]     

Attempts to train goldfish to respond to magnetic field stimuli

Two different conditioning procedures, one appetitive and the other aversive, were used in separate attempts to demonstrate response to magnetic fields in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Our results lead us to question those of an orientation experiment by Becker, although we recognize the possibility that goldfish may be sensitive primarily to magnetic field direction rather than intensity and that their directional sensitivity may be evidenced most readily by orientation in the field.     

从生态旅游到低碳旅游——从理念到实践

阐述了生态旅游、低碳旅游的基本概念,分析了生态旅游存在的不足,提出低碳旅游的量化及建立各项标准及其指标评价体系并将之融入低碳旅游全过程以实现低碳旅游的标准化,重点在于实现低碳理念、低碳参与者及低碳实践3个方面的有机结合,以促进旅游业的可持续发展的可操作性建议.     

以学定教,提高课堂教学效率

根据心理学理论,学习是一个学生内化的过程,学生是自主学会的,而不是被动教会的。因此在教学中,教师只有做到以学定教,才能有效提高教学效率,促进学生对知识的掌握。     

如何做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应

应急监测是突发性环境污染事故处置中的首要环节,是对污染事故及时、正确地进行应急处理、减轻事故危害和制定恢复措施的根本依据。文章从制定应急监测预案、加强应急监测能力建设、摸清污染源状况、加强应急培训和应急演练等方面对做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应作了简要的阐述,供大家探讨。     

Croppers to livestock keepers: livelihood transitions to 2050 in Africa due to climate change

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may need to change, to preserve food security and provide income-generating options. These are likely to include areas of Africa that are already marginal for crop production; as these become increasingly marginal, then livestock may provide an alternative to cropping. We carried out some analysis to identify areas in sub-Saharan Africa where such transitions might occur. For the currently cropped areas (which already include the highland areas where cropping intensity may increase in the future), we estimated probabilities of failed seasons for current climate conditions, and compared these with estimates obtained for future climate conditions in 2050, using downscaled climate model output for a higher and a lower greenhouse-gas emission scenario. Transition zones can be identified where the increased probabilities of failed seasons may induce shifts from cropping to increased dependence on livestock. These zones are characterised in terms of existing agricultural system, current livestock densities, and levels of poverty. The analysis provides further evidence that climate change impacts in the marginal cropping lands may be severe, where poverty rates are already high. Results also suggest that those likely to be more affected are already more poor, on average. We discuss the implications of these results in a research-for-development targeting context that is likely to see the poor disproportionately and negatively affected by climate change.     

Soil microbial response to herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola

Adoption of glyphosate-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) has increased glyphosate applications to this crop, and concerns have been raised about unintended consequences of these multiple applications. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-seed and in-crop glyphosate and alternative herbicides on soil microbial community functional structure, diversity and biomass. Pre-seed treatments were 2,4-D, glyphosate and 2,4-D + glyphosate, and in-crop treatments were glyphosate applied once, glyphosate applied twice, ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin + sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron + clopyralid, and sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron. Rhizosphere and bulk soil was collected at flowering stage of canola and analyzed for bacterial community-level substrate utilization patterns and microbial biomass C (MBC). Where differences were significant, pre-seed application of both 2,4-D and glyphosate altered the functional structure and reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria, but increased MBC. These effects were not necessarily concurrent. The reduction in functional diversity was due to reduction in evenness, which means that the soil where both pre-seed herbicides had been applied was dominated by only few functional groups. In 1 year, two in-crop applications of glyphosate also reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria when applied after pre-seed 2,4-D, as did in-crop sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron following pre-seed glyphosate. Even though significant differences between herbicides were fewer than non-significant differences, i.e., there were no changes in soil microbial community structure, diversity or biomass in response to glyphosate or alternative herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola in most cases, the observed changes in soil microbial communities could affect soil food webs and biological processes.     

亲近自然的一条捷径——向你推荐《生物多样性知识达人手册》

"它随处可见,从最大的海洋到最小的水坑,从最茂密的森林到最干旱的荒漠,从最富饶的沼泽到最高的山峰……它是一个活的银行账户,为人类全部事业和财富提供资本.它是什么?它就是……生物多样性." 翻开《生物多样性知识达人手册》的第一页,在"开头的话"中,你就能读到上面这一段饶有趣味的文字,让你不自觉地联想到我们所处的环境和我们赖以生存的地球.没错,这是一本新鲜出炉的、以生物多样性为主题的读物,用生动有趣的方式告诉你,什么是生物多样性?生物多样性为什么重要?你怎样才能保护好这个星球的生物多样性?     

重归大自然——密西西比河之行

密西西比河是美国第一大河。它一路曲曲弯弯向着墨西哥湾蜿蜒流去．沿途形成广袤的洪泛平原,滋润着美国大陆41％的土地。水量也比美国其他河流都要多。密西西比河及其洪泛平原哺育着400多种野生动植物。北美地区40％的水禽都沿着密西西比河的路径迁徙。密西西比河对于美国。如同长江对于中国,无论从经济还是生物多样性保护等方面,其作用都是举足轻重。     

浅谈如何做好孩子的入学准备

从幼儿园升入小学是孩子迈入知识殿堂的关键一步,也是孩子人生的一大转折。如何协助家长和教师,帮助孩子顺利实现这次转折是非常重要的。基于此目的,结合多年从事幼小教育工作的实际,并根据教育部颁布的《幼儿园教育指导纲要》精神,紧扣学前儿童的心理和学习特点,阐述如何让孩子在各方面得到系统的锻炼和提高,为顺利升入理想的小学、并尽快适应小学阶段的学习和生活做好准备。