提高电除尘器除尘效率措施的研究进展

电除尘器在粉尘治理领域发挥着极其重要的作用.简要介绍了影响电除尘器除尘效率的主要因素.综述了近年来提高电除尘器效率措施的研究进展.着重介绍了几种新型电除尘器的除尘机制及除尘试验结果,评论了其除尘性能和应用前景,并对进一步的研究方向提出了看法.     

新型水泥立窑水除尘技术和设备的技术研究

介绍了新型水泥立窑水除尘技术和设备,该系统由除尘塔、灰水分离器、高温轴流风机等组成,它解决了立窑水除尘存在的烟气倒烟、污水二次污染、难达标排放等问题。同时介绍了系统中各设备的结构和工作原理。     

中小型燃煤炉烟气脱硫方法

对中小型燃煤炉烟气脱硫方法作了介绍,提出了对湿式除尘器(文丘里除尘器,旋风除尘洗涤塔,冲击式除尘脱硫塔等)的改造方法,以提高其烟气除尘脱硫效率。同时,介绍了干湿两级除尘脱硫系统和利用脱硫碱液及脱硫废水的烟气脱硫技术。     

半干法烟气脱硫除尘多级功能处理装置技术与应用

文中介绍了一种炉窑烟气调质、烟气除尘、烟气脱硫在一个单体结构中的一体化装置和在烟气除尘脱硫技术上的应用,并对该脱硫除尘装置与传统的半干法烟气脱硫除尘装置进行了比较。     

铸造厂的环境保护和治理

本文介绍了铸造生产对环境造成的污染，以及适合于铸造厂环境保护和治理的工艺设备，重点介绍了冲天炉烟气脱硫除尘和清理室除尘工艺技术。     

新型水泥立窑水除尘技术和设备的技术研究

介绍了新型水泥立窑水除尘技术和设备，该系统由除尘塔、灰水分离器、高温轴流风机等组成，它解决了立窑水除尘存在的烟气倒烟、污水二次污染、难达标排放等问题。同时介绍了系统中各设备的结构和工作原理。     

蒸汽机车点火烟尘治理方法初探

本文综合分析比较了蒸汽机车锅炉点火烟尘污染治理的三种类型除尘设施的应用情况及除尘效果,根据测试结果指出,布袋除尘具有除尘效率高、节能效果显著等特点,并对其设计、工艺、使用等方面问题作了具体的介绍和论证。     

锅炉烟气脱硫除尘一体化装置的开发与应用

本文介绍了国内外已应用的锅炉脱硫除尘一体化装置,并结合国情,提出了应重点发展的锅炉烟气脱硫除尘一体化装置.     

锅炉烟气脱硫除尘一体化装置的开发与应用

本文介绍了国内外已应用的锅炉脱硫除尘一体化装置,并结合国情,提出了应重点发展的锅炉烟气脱硫除尘一体化装置.     

燃煤手烧锅炉除尘器的研究与开发

介绍了一种集多种湿法除尘技术之长于一体的新型组合式除尘装置,该装置不仅能有效地消除手烧锅炉燃烧时产生的烟尘,而且实现了除尘水的内循环,消除了其他湿式除尘器所带来的水的二次污染问题。     

Physical effects of dust on leaf physiology of cucumber and kidney bean plants

The physical effects of dust accumulating on leaf surfaces, on leaf physiology, such as photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf temperature of cucumber and kidney bean plants were investigated by the use of chemically inert dust. It was found that dust decreased stomatal conductance in the light, and increased it in the dark by plugging the stomata, when the stomata were open during dusting. When dust of smaller particles was applied, the effect was greater. However, the effect was negligible when the stomata were closed during dusting. The dust decreased the photosynthetic rate by shading the leaf surface. The dust of smaller particles had a greater shading effect. Moreover, it was found that the additional absorption of incident radiation by the dust increased the leaf temperature, and consequently changed the photosynthetic rate in accordance with its response curve to leaf temperature. The increase in leaf temperature also increased the transpiration rate.     

Sub-tropical urban environment affecting content and composition of non-structural carbohydrates of Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum cv. Lema

This study analyzed the relationship between environmental factors, especially air pollution and climatic conditions, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plants of Lolium multiflorum exposed during 10 consecutive periods of 28 days at a polluted site (Congonhas) and at a reference site in São Paulo city (Brazil). After exposure, NSC composition and leaf concentrations of Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were measured. The seasonal pattern of NSC accumulation was quite similar in both sites, but plants at Congonhas showed higher concentrations of these compounds, especially fructans of low and medium degree of polymerization. Regression analysis showed that NSC in plants growing at the polluted site were explained by variations on temperature and leaf concentration of Fe (positive effect), as well as relative humidity and particulate material (negative effect). NSC in the standardized grass culture, in addition to heavy metal accumulation, may indicate stressing conditions in a sub-tropical polluted environment.     

施肥过程中的污染控制

农业生产造成的自身污染是一个不可忽略的环境问题,化肥施用不当造成植物体内硝酸盐含量增加以及水源的污染,城市活性污沁的农用处理,扩大了农田重金属污染的途径和范围,因此要提介科学种田,合肥施肥,以减轻对农业环境的污染。     

环境激素污染研究进展及污染防治

环境激素具有类雌激素活性 ,能对生物和人体的内分泌机能造成影响 ;环境激素污染可导致各种生物的生殖功能下降和生殖器免疫力降低 ,并引起各种生理异常。本文对国内外环境重金属激素和有机激素的研究进行了综述 ,并总结了防治环境激素污染的主要技术手段 ;指出环境激素致毒生物化学机理研究、环境激素在环境介质中的迁移 转化 积累的行为研究、环境激素容量分析以及环境激素物质的进一步筛选是国际环境科学领域的重要研究方向和前沿领域。     

Effects of Heavy metals on plants and resistance mechanisms

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: As one of the consequences of heavy metal pollution in soil, water and air, plants are contaminated by heavy metals in some parts of China. To understand the effects of heavy metals upon plants and the resistance mechanisms, would make it possible to use plants for cleaning and remediating heavy metal-polluted sites. METHODS: The research results on the effects of heavy metals on plants and resistant mechanisms are compiled from Chinese publications from scientific journals and university journals, mostly published during the last decade. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Effects of heavy metals on plants result in growth inhibition, structure damage, a decline of physiological and biochemical activities as well as of the function of plants. The effects and bioavailability of heavy metals depend on many factors, such as environmental conditions, pH, species of element, organic substances of the media and fertilization, plant species. But, there are also studies on plant resistance mechanisms to protect plants against the toxic effects of heavy metals such as combining heavy metals by proteins and expressing of detoxifying enzyme and nucleic acid, these mechanisms are integrated to protect the plants against injury by heavy metals. CONCLUSIONS: There are two aspects on the interaction of plants and heavy metals. On one hand, heavy metals show negative effects on plants. On the other hand, plants have their own resistance mechanisms against toxic effects and for detoxifying heavy metal pollution. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: To study the effects of heavy metals on plants and mechanisms of resistance, one must select crop cultivars and/or plants for removing heavy metals from soil and water. More highly resistant plants can be selected especially for a remediation of the pollution site. The molecular mechanisms of resistance of plants to heavy metals should be studied further to develop the actual resistance of these plants to heavy metals. Understanding the bioavailability of heavy metals is advantageous for plant cultivation and phytoremediation. Decrease in the bioavailability to farmlands would reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in food. Alternatively, one could increase the bioavailability of plants to extract more heavy metals.     

废铸砂作为建筑材料资源化再利用研究进展

废铸砂是铸造工业在金属制品的生产过程中次生出来的一种细颗粒固体废弃物。研究其作为一种资源进行合理再利用是当前处置废铸砂、保护生态环境的良好对策。本文对废铸砂的环境特征、物理性质及废铸砂作为建筑材料在多种建筑制品及工程中的资源化再利用进行了综述研究,涉及的再利用领域包括混凝土、热拌沥青混合料、低强度填料、水泥、路基、路堤、阻水帷幕（屏障）和衬垫。调查发现,次生于黑色金属（铁和钢）铸造生产线的废铸砂是一种无害固体废弃物,正确处置和科学利用,对环境不会产生二次污染,在以上建筑制品及工程中的应用能满足相关技术、性能要求,可以替代相关的材料进行资源化再利用。     

Framework for the environmental impact assessment of operational shipping

Shipping is an important source of pollution affecting both atmospheric and aquatic environments. To allow for efficient mitigation of environmental degradation, it is essential to know the extent of the impacts of shipping in relation to other sources of pollution. Here, we give a perspective on a holistic approach to studies of the environmental impacts of operational shipping through presentation of an assessment framework developed and applied on a case of shipping in the Baltic Sea. Through transfer of knowledge and concepts, previously used in assessments of air pollution, now applied to assessments of marine pollution and underwater noise, the horizon of understanding of shipping-related impacts is significantly improved. It identifies the main areas of environmental degradation caused by shipping and potential improvements through legislation and technological development. However, as the vast majority of contaminants discharged into the sea are not routinely monitored and assessed, the links between pressure of contaminants from shipping and environmental state and impacts will not be caught in the current environmental regulatory frameworks.     

生物材料治理镉污染研究进展

近年来,生物材料以其经济、有效和无二次污染等特点,在重金属废水处理和土壤修复方面显示出了众多的优势·可替代传统的镉污染处理方法.综述了目前国内外生物材料在处理镉污染方面的研究进展,并对今后应用生物材料治理镉污染提出了一些建议.     

突发环境污染事件应对措施探讨

随着经济的高速发展,环境安全隐患逐渐显现,中国进入环境污染事故高发期,做好环境污染事件的防范工作刻不容缓。针对突发环境污染事件应对中存在的主要问题,提出了构建预防应急体系、建立有效的环境问责制、合理处置安全事故、建立全民参与机制和建立环境污染责任险制度等应对突发环境污染事件措施。