Adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 in NO removal at low temperature

CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 samples were synthesized using hard-templating and evaporationinduced self-assembly(EISA) methods,respectively.The pore structures of CMK-3 and CFDU-15 as well as commercial activated carbon were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N_2 adsorption–desorption.Adsorption of NO was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis,temperature-programmed desorption of NO + O_2,and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 materials possessed ordered and uniform structures.The coadsorption capacity of NO and O_2 decreased in the sequence CMK-3(88.6 mg/g) C-FDU-15(71.7 mg/g) AC(25.3 mg/g).There were two main adsorption species on CMK-3 and CFDU-15:nitrite and nitrate.Nitrite is converted to nitrate easily.However,the adsorption species were more complex on AC,with nitrite being the main species.Moreover,CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 exhibit excellent regeneration efficiency compared with AC.The excellent NO adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 was associated with their ordered mesoporous structures and high surface areas.The research provides more options for NO adsorption in the future.     

芬顿反应强化污泥脱水试验及机理研究

胞外聚合物(EPS)是影响剩余污泥脱水性能的关键因素。脱水试验过程中,将芬顿试剂和剩余污泥混合,控制芬顿试剂和稀硫酸的投加量,测定剩余污泥的毛细吸收时间和比阻,总结出芬顿反应对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响规律。试验表明:Fenton反应的最佳条件是pH为3,H_2O_2投加量为12.4g/L,Fe~(2+)投加量为1.5g/L,反应12min后,对应的毛细吸水时间(CST)和污泥比阻(SRF)分别为21s和0.3×1012m/kg。分析表明:Fenton反应能够破坏剩余污泥中EPS的蛋白质和多糖成分,瓦解EPS锁水结构,改善污泥的脱水性能。     

Characterization and performance of Pt/SBA-15 for low-temperature SCR of NO by C3H6

Pt supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 was investigated as a catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO by C 3 H 6 in the presence of excess oxygen.The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD,BET surface area,TEM,NO-TPD,NO/C 3 H 6-TPO,NH 3-TPD,XPS and 27 Al MAS NMR.The effects of Pt loading amount,O 2 /C 3 H 6 concentration,and incorporation of Al into SBA-15 have been studied.It was found that the removal efficiency increased significantly after Pt loading,but an optimal loading amount was observed.In particular,under an atmosphere of 150 ppm NO,150 ppm C 3 H 6,and 18 vol.% O 2,0.5% Pt/SBA-15 showed remarkably high catalytic performance giving 80.1% NOx reduction and 87.04% C 3 H 6 conversion simultaneously at 140°C.The enhanced SCR activity of Pt/SBA-15 is associated with its outstanding oxidation activities of NO to NO 2 and C 3 H 6 to CO 2 in low temperature range.The research results also suggested that higher concentration of O 2 and higher concentration of C 3 H 6 favored NO removal.The incorporation of Al into SBA-15 improved catalytic performance,which could be ascribed to the enhancement of catalyst surface acidity caused by tetrahedrally coordinated AlO 4.Moreover,the catalysts could be easily reused and possessed good stability.     

北京大气中NO、NO2和O3浓度变化的相关性分析

臭氧(O3)是城市污染大气中的首要光化学污染物,其变化规律与氮氧化物(NOx=NO NO2)关系密切.采用49C臭氧分析仪和42CTL氮氧化物分析仪对北京城区O3和NOx浓度进行了连续观测,时间为2004-08～2005-07.结果显示,O3和OX(O3 NO2)浓度在午后15:00左右出现峰值,NOx呈双峰态日变化,在07:00和23:00左右出现峰值.不同季节污染物的浓度变化存在差异,O3和NOx浓度分别在夏季和冬季达到最大.NOx浓度存在100×10-9(体积分数)的"分界点",NOx低浓度时以NO2为主,NOx高浓度时NO占大部分.OX区域贡献和局地贡献存在明显的季节变化,前者主要受区域背景O3的影响,在春季最大,后者主要受局地NOx光化学反应的制约,在夏季最强,同时OX组分呈现显著的昼夜差异.     

雨水中NO2-和NO3-的动态涂渍离子对色谱分离测定

采用反相离子对色谱法-紫外光度检测测定NO2-和NO3-，对影响分离测定的诸因素进行了研究，建立了测定雨水中这2种组分的最佳色谱条件。结果表明该方法快速、灵敏、线性宽。     

Stochastic simulation of diurnal variations of CO,NO and NO2 concentrations in occupied residences

A stochastic approach to the problem of incorporating variable emission events in indoor air quality models is proposed. A nonstationary Poisson process is used to account for the occurrence of range-top burner use. The combination of this emission event sequence with a simple one-compartment mass-balance model results in output that qualitatively agrees with measured concentrations in two occupied townhouses. Improved monitoring of stove usage times, gas flow rates and emission factors under field conditions would allow more effective estimation of model input parameters and more accurate prediction of concentration distributions.     

Seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi

We present the diurnal and seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi, India. Ambient NH3, NO and NO2 were measured continuously during winter, summer and autumn seasons using NH3- and NOx-analyzer, which operates by chemiluminescence method with a higher estimation e ciency (> 90%) than the chemical trap method (reproducibility 4.7%). Prominent diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal variations of ambient mixing ratio of NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 were observed during the study period. Seasonal variation with higher mixing ratio in winter was observed for all measured trace gases except NO. Day-night variation of all measured trace gases observed was higher in winter in comparison with summer. Late morning increase in NO2 mixing ratio might be attributed to conversion of NO to NO2 with the interaction of O3.     

Interference from HONO in the measurement of ambient air NO2 via photolytic conversion and quantification of NO

The reference method to quantify mixing ratios of the criteria air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is NO-O₃ chemiluminescence (CL), in which mixing ratios of nitric oxide (NO) are measured by sampling ambient air directly, and mixing ratios of NO_x (= sum of NO and NO₂) are measured by converting NO₂ to NO using, for example, heated molybdenum catalyst or, more selectively, photolytic conversion (P-CL). In this work, the nitrous acid (HONO) interference in the measurement of NO₂ by P-CL was investigated. Results with two photolytic NO₂ converters are presented. The first used radiation centered at 395 nm, a wavelength region commonly utilized in P-CL. The second used light at 415 nm, where the overlap with the HONO absorption spectrum and hence its photolysis rate are less. Mixing ratios of NO₂, NO_x and HONO entering and exiting the converters were quantified by Thermal Dissociation Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy (TD-CRDS). Both converters exhibited high NO₂ conversion efficiency (CF_NO2; > 90%) and partial conversion of HONO. Plots of CF against flow rate were consistent with photolysis frequencies of 4.2 s^-1 and 2.9 s^-1 for NO₂ and 0.25 s^-1 and 0.10 s^?1 for HONO at 395 nm and 415 nm, respectively. CF_HONO was larger than predicted from the overlap of the emission and HONO absorption spectra. The results imply that measurements of NO₂ by P-CL marginally but systematically overestimate true NO₂ concentrations, and that this interference should be considered in environments with high HONO:NO₂ ratios such as the marine boundary layer or in biomass burning plumes.     

Formation of HNO2 on aerosol surfaces during foggy periods in the presence of NO and NO2

A commercial Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS), measuring trace gases absorbing in the u.v./vis region was used for obtaining information on aerosol parameters (e.g. total surface) based on the observed Mie scattering. This procedure allows simultaneous measurements of trace gas concentrations and aerosol parameters within the same air volume. A series of measurements of HNO₂, NO₂, NO, SO₂ and aerosol parameters was performed at Ispra in northern Italy. The observations show a rapid formation of gaseous HNO₂ during foggy episodes and give direct evidence of an important contribution of reactions on wet aerosols to the transformation of tropospheric NO_x into HNO₂.     

NO催化氧化的初步研究

利用一套小型动态试验装置进行配气实验，分析了一系列金属氧化物对气体中低浓度ＮＯ转化率的催化活性顺序为Ｃｒ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｃｏ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｃｕ，并对其综合影响进行了分析。通过实验总结出适宜的反应条件及催化剂配方，为以后研究提供了重要的数据资料。     

Mechanism of NO reduction with non-thermal plasma

Non-thermal plasma has been proved to be an effective and competitive technology for removing NO in flue gas since 1970. In this paper, the NO reduction mechanism of the non-thermal plasma reaction in NO/N2/O2 system was investigated using the method of spectral analysis and quantum chemistry. By the establishment of NO reduction and gas discharge plasma emission spectrum measuring system, the NO reduction results, gas discharge emission spectra of NO/N2/O2 and pure N2 were obtained, and then the model of molecular orbit of N2 either in ground state or its excited state was worked out using the method of molecular orbit Ab initio in SelfConsistent Field(SCF). It was found that NO reduction in NO/N2 gas discharge plasma was achieved mainly through a series of fast elementary reactions and the N(E6) at excited state was the base for NO reduction.     

农田NO排放的自动观测

详细介绍农田ＮＯ排放自动观测的方法原理,系统整体构造及电路和气路配置,并讨论了观测结果的可靠性。同地,还就已取得的一些初步研究结果进行了分析,对华东秋,冬季麦田的ＮＯ排放进行自动连续观测的结果表明,秋季麦田的ＮＯ排放具有与温度几乎完全同步的日变化规律。     

农田NO排放的时间变异性

在采用基于箱法的自动观测技术对苏州地区一个完整的科小麦生育期的麦田的ＮＯ排放进行全天候连续观测的基础上,讨论了ＮＯ排放的季节变化和日变化特征及其温度和植物生长的影响,观测实验发现,苏州地区上麦田的ＮＯ排放具有极其显著的季节变化规律怀,冬季以前２的小麦苗期物返青至淹水种稻之前的春季,ＮＯ排放量分别为０．１５６－０．７５８ｍｇ·ｍ＾－２·ｈ＾－１和１．２２９－１０．８０２·ｍ＾－２·ｈ＾－１,前者是全     

Characteristics of NO reduction with non-thermal plasma

As a new type of NO removal system, NO reduction in N2-NO plasma was applied to solve the difficulties in the traditional methods, such as higher energy-consumption, larger equipment size and high cost, and so on. Using the experimental NO reduction system with single-pair electrode tip discharge structure, the NO reduction characteristics of N~-NO system were revealed to guide the engineering practice; the results of NO reduction with single-pair electrode tip discharge plasma also have the same instructive meaning to the NO reduction with multi-pair electrode tip discharge plasma. The amount of both active N atom and NO removal rate increased with the distance /g increasing between the two electrode tips and then dropped when the distance exceeded a certain value. The NO removal rate increased while the voltage between two electrode tips or the resident time of gas flow increased. The distance is a key geometrical variable factor that can determine the intensity of electric field between two electrode tips and the resident time of gas. In this paper, the effects of the dielectric features on NO reduction using dielectric-barrier discharge plasma system were also studied. The results of NO removal rate with different dielectrics such as Al2O3, CaO. MgO and glass showed that the electric field intensity is different with different dielectric, because it brings different energy to particles in discharge room and thus it causes different NO removal rate.     

NO-CO-CO2-N2体系中若干金属氧化物对NO去除反应的催化作用

采用固定床流动反应装置，考察Ｃｕ２Ｏ、ＣｕＯ、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｎＯ２、Ｎｉ２Ｏ３、Ｖ２Ｏ５等金属氧化物对ＮＯＣＯＣＯ２Ｎ２体系中ＮＯ去除反应的催化作用，同时，分析了ＮＯＣＯＣＯ２Ｎ２体系中金属氧化物对ＮＯ去除的作用。研究结果表明，各金属氧化物对ＮＯ去除反应均有不同程度的催化活性，其中Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ｎｉ２Ｏ３、ＣｕＯ等对ＮＯ的去除显示出较强的催化作用。金属氧化物存在条件下ＮＯＣＯＣＯ２Ｎ２体系中，ＮＯ去除反应较为复杂，ＮＯ／ＣＯ气相直接反应、低价氧化物对ＮＯ的还原作用、金属氧化物对ＮＯ分解反应的催化作用及金属氧化物对ＮＯ／ＣＯ反应的催化作用等都可能存在。大部分金属氧化物以对ＮＯ／ＣＯ反应的催化作用为主，而Ｎｉ２Ｏ３的预还原试样对ＮＯ的直接分解反应表现了极强的催化活性。     

改性贵金属催化剂催化还原脱除NO

含有NO的工业废气直接排放会严重污染空气,须对含有NO的工业废气进行净化处理.采用NH3为还原剂贵金属铂催化剂进行了低温还原NO脱除烟气中氮氧化物性能的研究.结果表明:实验室制备的贵金属铂催化剂具有高的低温活性和选择性催化还原脱除NO的性能,但该催化剂易被原料气中少量的硫化物(SO₂)中毒而影响其稳定性;用稀土元素La和Ce对贵金属铂催化剂进行改性,改性后贵金属铂催化剂的稳定性得到了大幅度提高,出口气体中氮氧化物浓度大幅度降低.本实验Pt∶La∶Ce最佳摩尔比为1∶3.78∶3.56.     

生物质再燃脱除NO的特性

利用多功能脱硝实验台研究了花生壳、杨木、稻杆和玉米秸秆4种生物质的再燃脱除NO性能,以及工况参数对生物质再燃的影响.结果表明,相同工况下,花生壳再燃脱硝率最高、杨木次之、玉米秸秆最小,当再燃比(Rff)15%时,花生壳、杨木、稻杆和玉米秸秆的再燃脱硝效率分别为85.1%、80.3%、69.6%和67.2%.生物质粒径越小,再燃脱硝率越高.随着再燃温度的升高,生物质再燃脱硝效率先升高后缓慢降低,1073K的脱硝效率最高.生物质最佳再燃区过量空气系数(SR)为0.6,最佳Rff和再燃区停留时间分别为20%和0.81s. SR=20%的典型工况下,生物质再燃脱硝效率达到79%~89%.