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1.
三氯乙烯是一种具有"三致"效应的有机氯代烃化合物,作为一种重要的化工原料在工业上广泛应用,同时也造成了大量的三氯乙烯进入自然环境,引起了严重的环境污染.为获得更为丰富的三氯乙烯降解微生物资源,利用水-硅油双相系统从实验室高浓度三氯乙烯胁迫底泥中,分离筛选得到两株三氯乙烯降解菌WF1、FT10.在三氯乙烯初始质量浓度为5 mg·L-1的条件下,培养72 h,菌、WF1、FT10对三氯乙烯的降解率分别为53.36%、48.06%;在500 mg·L-1乙酸钠作为共代谢基质的情况下,降解率分别为55.95%、55.62%,降解速率明显提高.根据形态学观察、16项生理生化实验和16S rRNA序列分析结果,将菌株WT1归为Achromobacter xylosoxidans,将FT10归为Sporosarcina aquimarina.对菌株培养条件进行优化,经Slide Write统计软件拟合,菌株WT1和FT10在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基上的最适生长温度分别为33.7℃和35.4℃,最适生长pH分别为7.6和7.9. 相似文献
2.
从山东东营胜利油田附近被石油污染的土壤中分离得到1株高效原油降解菌Z1a-B,依据形态和培养特征,初步鉴定Z1a-B菌株为链霉菌属白孢类群。试验结果表明,该菌株具有较强的溶血和排油活性,说明其产生生物表面活性剂的能力较强。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,菌株能基本降解C12~C34的正构烷烃,对烷基苯、菲、甲基菲、萘也具有较强的降解能力。固体培养基配比以麸皮2 g、鸡粪40 g、草炭52.5 g、生石灰1.5g,或麸皮2 g、大米20 g、黄豆粉28 g、生石灰1.5 g较佳,在这2种配比培养基中链霉菌生长快,长势好,产孢子量多。经室内培养试验发现,当土壤中w(原油)=10%时,经Z1a-B菌株处理(35℃,pH 6.5)50 d,土壤原油降解率为67.5%。 相似文献
3.
以正庚烷为唯一碳源,从长期受到石油污染的土壤中筛选获得可利用正庚烷的微生物14株.通过形态观察和16S rDNA序列比对,鉴定G2、G9、G14为红球菌属,G3、G27为人苍白杆菌属,G4、G7为芽孢杆菌属,G5、G10、G15、G25为节杆菌属,G16为缺陷短波单胞菌,G17、G22为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌属.通过考察其降解烷烃的能力,确定Rhodococcus sp.G2为烷烃降解优势菌株.该菌株可代谢庚烷获得最大菌体浓度D600 nm=7.51.同时该菌对不同碳链长度的烷烃,如十二烷、十六烷、煤油和二甲苯均具有较强的降解能力,以十二烷为碳源的最大比生长速率为0.37 h-1,最高菌体浓度为D600 nm=12.00,在正十六烷中生长,最大比生长速率为0.23 h-1,在煤油中生长,最大比生长速率为0.14 h-1,在以二甲苯为唯一碳源时,D600 nm也可达到1.00左右.研究表明该菌株对于石油污染土壤的生物修复有很大的应用前景.图6表2参9 相似文献
4.
为去除环境中异菌脲残留,从某农药厂废水处理系统的活性污泥中分离到一株异菌脲降解菌YJN-G,对其进行鉴定和降解特性分析.通过形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将其初步鉴定为微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.).当接种量为5%时,菌株YJN-G在24 h内能够降解100 mg/L的异菌脲.菌株YJN-G降解异菌脲的最适pH是7.0,最适温度为30-37℃.通过对其降解异菌脲产物的质谱分析,确定其代谢产物为N-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2,4-二氧代咪唑烷和异丙基氨基甲酸;菌株能够利用异丙基氨基甲酸生长,但是不能进一步降解N-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2,4-二氧代咪唑烷.菌株降解异菌脲的水解酶属于胞内酶.本研究结果可为异菌脲污染环境的生物修复提供菌株资源和理论依据. 相似文献
5.
使用富集、稀释涂平板的方法从制药、染料、化工及精细化工、食品等多家工厂的混合高浓度难降解化工废水中筛选到8株细菌,经16S rDNA鉴定为Bacillus aquimaris、Enterobacter、Pseudomonas putida、Microbacterium、Agrobacterium、Alpha proteobacterium、Planococcus rifietoensis,其中两株细菌为Bacillus aquimaris。对各单一菌种生长条件的研究表明,各菌种生长的最适pH为7,最适接种量为15%(v/v),最适生长温度为37℃,其中Pseudomonas putida的最适生长温度为30℃。在最适生长条件下,研究了各单一菌种及不同组合的混合菌种对废水的降解效果,结果表明在单一菌种中Pseudomonas putida对废水的降解效果最优,混合菌的降解效果优于单一菌种的降解效果,混合菌可将废水COD由1 249 mg/L降至97 mg/L,比普通活性污泥对废水的去除率提高了14.7%。 相似文献
6.
铜绿假单胞菌是生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂最主要的生产菌株,对石油增溶、降解有很好的效果.从轻质原油样品中富集分离获得菌株D1,利用CTAB-亚甲基蓝平板法初步确定该菌株可以合成鼠李糖脂,分析其16S rRNA基因序列确定菌株D1属于铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).以菜籽油和甘油为碳源,菌株D1能够分别合成18.4 g/L和11.4 g/L鼠李糖脂.分析菌株D1可利用碳氢化合物种类,发现在以原油和柴油的培养基中,D1细胞数量分别增加了39.2倍和33.9倍.在10 d培养过程内,菌株D1能够分解基本培养基中33.3%的原油.相同时间内,补加0.5 g/L的甘油,菌株D1能够分解培养基中71.8%的原油.上述表明菌株D1能够合成鼠李糖脂和有效地降解原油,在石油污染的生物修复方面具有较好的应用潜力. 相似文献
7.
通过富集培养,从连续施用农药乐果的土壤中分离得到一株具有较强降解有机磷农药乐果能力的细菌菌株LGX1,通过菌落形态观察及细菌的16SrDNA测序,对其进行了鉴定,同时初步研究了其降解性能。结果表明:该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),在接种量为20%,乐果初始质量浓度为100mg·L-1,外加碳源葡萄糖质量分数为2%,温度为35℃,初始pH值为4时该菌株对乐果的降解能力最强;并且能在以辛硫磷、毒死蜱和三唑磷为唯一碳源的基础盐培养基中生长,且均比在以乐果为唯一碳源的基础盐培养基中生长的OD600值要高,初步推断菌株LGX1对有机磷农药的降解有一定的广谱性。 相似文献
8.
用采自山东胜利油田的石油污染水体,以原油为唯一碳源,经人工海水培养基富集培养,得到lO株细菌.通过降解率的测定,发现其中一株细菌HB-1具有较强的石油降解能力,200 r/min振荡培养6 d,其原油的降解率达54.74%.根据菌落特征、菌体形态、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析,确定HB-1为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.).进一步实验表明,该菌株最适宜牛长和降解石油的条件为:温度25~32℃,初始pH值6.5~7.5,盐度3%,此条件符合实际海洋环境的要求.图6表2参22 相似文献
9.
在曝气生物滤池(BAF)系统中,按水力停留时间(HRT)4h,对盐度为0.5% (W/V)的采油废水进行处理,并利用GC-MS对废水中有机物的构成进行分析,结果表明:采油废水中有机污染物的主要构成是9种支链烷烃和18种直链烷烃,分布范围从正十三烷(C13H28)到正三十二烷(C32H66).由于降解中间产物的累积,出水中烷烃类物质所占比例降低,而芳香族物质比例上升.在采油废水中烷烃的存在下, PAHs中最易被微生物降解的是含有4个苯环、脂溶性强的,降解效率达98.0%;而降解效果最差的为含有二个苯环、脂溶性较差的萘,降解效率仅为66.4%. 相似文献
10.
从石油污染土壤中分离到一株菲降解菌2F5-2.根据该菌株生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列相似性分析,将其初步鉴定为鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobium sp.).该菌株在10 h内对100 mg/L的菲的降解率为100%.降解菲的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.对降解途径的初步研究显示,该菌株通过水杨酸途径降解菲.克隆了编码芳香烃双加氧酶α亚基的基因phdA,它与菌株Sphingomonas sp.P2、Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1、Sphingomonas sp.ZP1中phdA的同源性分别为97.9%、98%和100%,表明该基因具有保守性.图6参16 相似文献
11.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from chitin, one of the most abundant and renewable materials on Earth. Chitin is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the... 相似文献
12.
Hair samples were collected randomly from 110 subjects (55 male and 55 female) ranging in age from (<15–60) years. Each subject was asked to complete a personal questionnaire describing his/her sex, age, general health, smoking, use of hair dyes, occupational area, and living habits. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Ca in human hair samples were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results indicated that concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in the hair of smokers were higher than those in the hair of non-smokers, whereas, Fe and Ca concentrations in hair of smokers were lower than those in hair of non-smokers. Moreover, the concentrations of these elements are higher in dyed hair compared with undyed hair. 相似文献
13.
For the transition metals chromium, nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, platinum, and molybdenum, mechanisms of stable bonding in biochemistry (emphasis on carcinogenic mechanisms), chemistry, industrial chemistry, as well as epidemiological, occupational, orthopedic (implant devices) effects related to carcinogenesis, were reviewed. Hypothetically, the propensity to stable bonding (inertness), which ensures the metals’ performance capacity for consumers and industrial application, relates to their carcinogenicity. For chromium, a relationship between industrial/chemical and biological reactivity was noted for the tendency of Cr(III) ions to cause hydrolysis previous to stable bonding, as occurs during anodic passivation, leather tanning, and as indicated in biochemical studies pertaining to a mechanism of DNA condensation, which was suggested as a carcinogenic mechanism. The involvement of metal hydrolysis in both anodic passivation and biochemistry was noted also for nickel, iron, and platinum; the DNA interaction of platinum ( cis-platin) is known to depend on hydrolysis. For nickel, issues of potential ( V) were found important in both passivation and carcinogenicity. Comparably, the passivity behavior of cobalt and copper was found atypical, and their carcinogenicity yet unclear. Molybdenum, contained in passivated metallic implants, may relate to implant-associated carcinogenesis. Occupational carcinogenic effects were indicated for chromium, nickel, iron, and cobalt as caused by both reactive and passivated metal species. Exposure to acids and chronic respiratory irritation/infection/inflammation in workers were important cofactors in metal carcinogenesis. For wood and leather workers exposed to dust, the assumed presence in dust of metal particles abraded from alloys (sawing or cutting blades) may be a carcinogenic exposure hazard. 相似文献
14.
The development and recycling of biomass production can partly solve issues of energy, climate change, population growth, food and feed shortages, and environmental pollution. For instance, the use of seaweeds as feedstocks can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel resources, ensure the synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly products and biofuels, and develop sustainable biorefinery processes. Nonetheless, seaweeds use in several biorefineries is still in the infancy stage compared to terrestrial plants-based lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, here we review seaweed biorefineries with focus on seaweed production, economical benefits, and seaweed use as feedstock for anaerobic digestion, biochar, bioplastics, crop health, food, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Globally, seaweeds could sequester between 61 and 268 megatonnes of carbon per year, with an average of 173 megatonnes. Nearly 90% of carbon is sequestered by exporting biomass to deep water, while the remaining 10% is buried in coastal sediments. 500 gigatonnes of seaweeds could replace nearly 40% of the current soy protein production. Seaweeds contain valuable bioactive molecules that could be applied as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants, and in other cosmetics and skincare products. 相似文献
15.
• Microplastics are widely found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. • Cleaning products and discarded plastic waste are primary sources of microplastics. • Microplastics have apparent toxic effects on the growth of fish and soil plants. • Multiple strains of biodegradable microplastics have been isolated. Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in the oceans, freshwater, and soil environment and have become major pollutants. MPs are generally referred to as plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter. They consist of primary microplastics synthesized in microscopic size manufactured production and secondary microplastics generated by physical and environmental degradation. Plastic particles are long-lived pollutants that are highly resistant to environmental degradation. In this review, the distribution and possible sources of MPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments are described. Moreover, the adverse effects of MPs on natural creatures due to ingestion have been discussed. We also have summarized identification methods based on MPs particle size and chemical bond. To control the pollution of MPs, the biodegradation of MPs under the action of different microbes has also been reviewed in this work. This review will contribute to a better understanding of MPs pollution in the environment, as well as their identification, toxicity, and biodegradation in the ocean, freshwater, and soil, and the assessment and control of microplastics exposure. 相似文献
16.
Specimens of oceanic decapods, mysids and euphausiids, collected from the North East Atlantic Ocean during July 1985, were analysed for V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As and Cd. Measurement of the metals was carried out using two techniques: inductively-coupled plasma-source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption (AAS). With the exception of the iron data, good agreement was observed between the data from the two techniques. Baseline-metal data are presented for the species measured, along with any effects of animal size on metal concentration. The data presented for oceanic animals from different trophic levels are important in studies of metal fluxes and for the assessment of markers within the food web in the oceans. 相似文献
18.
Results from populations of insects and birds inhabiting Phragmites habitats were used to analyze effects of fragmentation. Flush-crash cycles of the stem-boring moth Archanara geminipuncta (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) showed regionally concurrent, local extinctions despite an originally enormous population size (more than 180,000 adults), emphasizing the importance of metapopulation dynamics. Further, A. geminipuncta could be considered a keystone species, since shoot damage facilitated more than twenty species of herbivores, saprovores (of the caterpillars' feces), and their parasitoids. The gall midge Lasioptera arundinis could survive only in side shoots induced by shoot damage of A. geminipuncta . Small Phragmites stands had thinner shoots (due to a water or nutrient deficiency) and shoots with more leaves (due to a better light supply) than large stands, thereby influencing species-specific demands for habitat suitability and nutritiousness of reed tissue. In other words significance of habitat fragmentation could not be assessed by area alone. For example, two chloropid flies depending on thin, yellowish shoots survived only in small habitats or in the unmown edges of large habitats. Local persistence of Phragmites herbivores depended on much larger population sizes than could be expected from a population size sufficient to maintain genetic variation. At least 11,000 adults of the gall midge Giraudiella inclusa (or more than 84,000 galls) were necessary to avoid local extinction. With regard to conservation management of reed habitats, nature reserves should consist of old and unmown reeds, have fewer disturbed (particularly, fewer mown) habitat edges, measure more than two hectares (priority should go to the largest remaining fragments), and be surrounded by nearby reed habitats providing reservoir populations and diverse shoot types. 相似文献
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