阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(HCA)对给水厂污泥水分分布的影响及其与污泥颗粒的作用机制

为比较APAM和HCA对给水厂污泥调理的效果并探究其作用机制,测定了污泥调理前后的毛细吸水时间（CST）、污泥比阻（SRF）、溶解性有机污染物含量（DOC）、Zeta电位和絮体粒径的变化情况,并结合三维荧光谱图、液相-有机碳联用（LC-OCD）、热重差热法（TG-DTA）以及傅立叶红外（FTIR）的变化进行分析.结果表明,APAM和HCA的最佳投加量分别为0.05和0.10 g·L^-1,与之对应的CST分别从71.0 s降到25.8 s和37.6 s,SRF从9.72×10¹² m·kg^-1降到4.18×10¹² m·kg^-1和5.70×10¹² m·kg^-1,APAM的调理效果占优.HCA仅可释放毛细水,而APAM可释放污泥的毛细水和表面吸附水.APAM通过氢键的吸附架桥形成大块絮体以改善污泥脱水性能,Zeta电位的升高和有机物的变化显示出电中和及去水化作用是HCA的主要调理机制.本研究结果可为给水厂污泥脱水有机药剂的选择提供数据基础.     

二价铁活化过氧化钙提高剩余活性污泥的脱水性能

采用Fe²⁺活化过氧化钙（Fe²⁺/CaO₂）提高剩余污泥的脱水性能,考察初始pH值、Fe²⁺和CaO₂投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响,并进一步探究了实现污泥深度脱水的内在机制.结果表明,初始pH值为中性,Fe²⁺和CaO₂投加量（以VSS计）分别为3.31 mmol·g^-1和3.68 mmol·g^-1时,污泥的脱水效果最好,污泥比阻（SRF）和含水率（W_C）分别由20.99×10¹² m·kg^-1和86.61%降低至3.91×10¹² m·kg^-1和76.15%.Fe²⁺/CaO₂的氧化使污泥微生物细胞裂解,胞内有机物释放,胞外聚合物（EPS）降解;同时,Fe³⁺促使污泥颗粒再絮凝形成致密、多孔的絮体结构,有利于EPS结合水释放,实现污泥深度脱水.从技术和经济角度来看,Fe²⁺/CaO₂工艺经济实用,在提高剩余污泥脱水能力方面具有一定的应用前景.     

污泥生物炭活化过一硫酸盐降解环丙沙星

以脱水干化污泥为原料,经450℃热解制成污泥生物炭（BC）,活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）,构建BC/PMS体系,降解环丙沙星（CIP）.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、Zeta电位分析仪和电子自旋共振（EPR）分析了BC的理化性质;考察了BC投加量、PMS投加量、初始pH值和无机阴离子对BC/PMS体系降解CIP效果的影响;通过自由基淬灭实验和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析,深入探讨了BC/PMS体系对CIP降解机制.结果表明,CIP降解率随BC投加量和PMS投加量增大而升高,随溶液初始pH增大而降低,在BC 1.0 g·L^-1、PMS 3.0 mmol·L^-1、初始pH 6.0、CIP 20 mg·L^-1和反应时间120 min时,CIP降解率为49.09%;SO₄^2-和NO₃^-对BC/PMS体系降解效果无显著影响,HCO₃^-和Cl^-具有明显抑制作用;BC/PMS体系降解CIP是自由基途径（·OH和SO₄^-·）和非自由基途径（¹O₂）共同作用的结果,降解路径主要包括哌嗪环开环和羟基化反应.     

不同剪切条件下活性污泥理化性质及脱水性能的响应特征

通过实验室模拟,研究了原始活性污泥和最佳投药量下调理污泥的毛细管吸水时间、粒度、分形维数、Zeta电位和上清液SS值等参数随剪切强度与时间的变化规律,确定了污泥的剪切敏感性和强度因子及粒径、强度等参数与速度梯度（G）值之间的关系.结果表明,剪切导致原始污泥和调理污泥的脱水性能变差,相应的临界剪切强度分别为700 r·min^-1（G=554.6 s^-1）和400 r·min^-1（G=239.5 s^-1）,并暴露出更多带负电荷的新鲜表面.原始污泥的质量分形维数受剪切作用影响不大,其粒径在一定范围内随剪切强度的增加而减小,而调理污泥絮体的质量分形维数却随之上升,粒度随之降低.原始污泥与调理污泥絮体的K_SS值分别为4.73×10^-2、8.33×10^-2,稳定絮体粒径常数γ值分别为4.99×10^-2、35.19×10^-2,且前者的强度因子较高,它们均表明原始污泥的剪切稳定性更好.剥离是原始污泥剪切破碎的主要机制,而调理污泥在临界剪切强度以上呈现越来越明显的剪切分裂机制.此外,污泥粒径、强度均与G值呈现较好的指数关系.     

纳米Cu0@Fe3O4活化PMS降解对-硝基苯酚的协同反应机制

为解决纳米Cu⁰活化过硫酸盐体系主要依赖浸出铜离子参与均相反应且适应pH范围窄（<7）的缺陷,本研究采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄催化剂,以对-硝基苯酚（PNP）为目标污染物,较系统地考察了Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄活化PMS的性能和降解PNP的反应机制.结果表明：① pH=5.65、200 mg ·L^-1 Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄和0.5 mmol ·L^-1 PMS在60 min内对5 mg ·L^-1 PNP的降解率可达到96%;②在Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄/PMS体系中,总铜离子（TCu）和总亚铜离子（TCu⁺）以及铁离子浸出几乎可以忽略,可认为是非均相反应体系;③通过包覆Fe₃O₄成功改变了Cu⁰活化PMS降解PNP的反应途径,在5~9的pH范围内都具有良好的降解性能;④反应体系中存在SO^-₄ ·和HO ·两种活性自由基,对反应体系的贡献率分别为34%和60%,HO ·是主导自由基;⑤体系中Fe和Cu之间存在双金属协同作用,Cu（Ⅰ）的存在能够促进Fe（Ⅲ）还原为Fe（Ⅱ）,从而形成良好的氧化还原循环,提高了反应体系的持久性.     

赤泥活化过一硫酸盐降解环丙沙星:性能和机制

为提高赤泥的综合利用及抗生素有机废水的深度处理,以赤泥（red mud,RM）为催化剂、环丙沙星（ciprofloxacin,CIP）为目标污染物,系统研究了RM活化过一硫酸盐（peroxymonosulfate,PMS）降解CIP的效果和机制.结果表明,含有Fe、Al和Ca等金属氧化物,具有较大比表面积（10.96 m²·g^-1）和复杂孔道结构的RM能够有效增强PMS对CIP的降解速率和效果.自由基捕获剂甲醇、叔丁醇和苯酚的抑制实验结果进一步说明,体系产生的SO₄^-·和HO·在RM表面与CIP发生氧化反应.温度、PMS浓度和RM投加量影响CIP的降解.温度升高反应速度加快,反应活化能为5.74 kJ·mol^-1; PMS浓度增加,体系产生更多SO₄^-·和HO·,CIP的降解率升高; RM存在最佳投加量1.0 g·L^-1.HPLC/MS/MS共检测到8种降解产物,CIP分子中的哌嗪环易受活性物质进攻,CIP主要通过2种途径进行降解.本研究表明RM是一种极具潜力的廉价催化剂,可用于活化过一硫酸盐处理含抗生素的污染废水.     

MoS2强化Fe2+活化单过硫酸盐去除磺胺甲恶唑和还原六价铬的研究

采用二硫化钼（MoS₂）作为助催化剂加入到亚铁离子（Fe²⁺）/单过硫酸盐（PMS）体系,去除溶液中的磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和还原六价铬（Cr（Ⅵ））,分别对SMX及SMX与Cr（Ⅵ）共存情况下的去除效果进行研究,并考察了MoS₂、Fe²⁺、PMS、SMX投加量对SMX和Cr（Ⅵ）去除效果的影响.结果表明,在[MoS₂]₀=0.9 g·L^-1,[Fe²⁺]₀ =0.3 mmol·L^-1,[PMS]₀=1 mmol·L^-1,[Cr（Ⅵ）]₀=100 μmol·L^-1,[SMX]₀=25 μmol·L^-1,初始pH为3.0的条件下反应30 min时,SMX的去除率和Cr（Ⅵ）的还原率分别达到98.8%和99.2%;实验中MoS₂和Fe²⁺浓度与Cr（Ⅵ）还原率呈正相关,而PMS浓度过高则会抑制Cr（Ⅵ）的还原;MoS₂/Fe²⁺/PMS体系下Cr（Ⅵ）的还原机理不仅与MoS₂还原生成的亚铁离子有关,Cr（Ⅵ）也能够被MoS₂或PMS直接还原.EPR实验表明,MoS₂/Fe²⁺/PMS体系中主要的自由基是SO₄^·-和HO^·.     

基于酸化与Fenton试剂处理的焦化污泥脱水过程及其重金属迁移研究

焦化废水污泥作为典型的危险废物,含有氰类、酚类、稠环芳烃与多环芳烃等有毒成分,严重影响人类健康与生态环境安全,焦化污泥减量化是其处理处置中重要一环.针对焦化废水污泥高有机物、高油含量特点,采用酸化+Fenton试剂进行复合调理改性,改性后污泥毛细吸水时间(Capillary Suction Time,CST)、比阻(Specific Resistance to Filtration,SRF)分别达到51.2 s和0.043×10¹³ m·kg^-1,药剂投加量通过响应表面法(Response Surface Method,RSM)进行优化,在实验室板框脱水实验中得到30%硫酸投加量为37.8 mL·L^-1,FeSO₄、H₂O₂和生石灰投加量分别为47.93、34.29和143.21 mg·g^-1DS时,脱水后泥饼含水率为55.82%,滤液pH为6.66,达到污泥深度脱水目标.采用酸化+Fenton试剂复合处理可使焦化废水污泥有效减量化,其良好的深度脱水效果能为后续的无害化处置奠定基础,并有效降低处置费用.     

核壳结构KNbO3@Co(OH)2的制备及其活化过一硫酸盐降解帕珠沙星的研究

制备了以KNbO₃为载体材料的Co（OH）₂复合材料并对其进行了详细的表征,分析了材料的组成成分、组成形态进而确定了其为核壳结构形貌的KNbO₃@Co（OH）₂.利用合成的样品作为催化剂活化过一硫酸盐（peroxymonosulfate,PMS）来降解帕珠沙星（pazufloxacin,PZF）,结果表明制备的催化剂对PZF的去除效率显著增加.讨论了不同初始PMS剂量对降解效率的影响,发现随着PMS增加可活化生成更多的硫酸根自由基（sulfate radicals,SO₄^·-）和羟基自由基（hydroxyl radicals,HO^·）来降解PZF,但继续增大PMS用量降解效率未见明显提升.酸性和中性pH值条件下利于反应活化PMS降解PZF,而碱性体系减缓反应,甚至强碱体系更易形成Co（OH）₂沉淀不利于反应体系中活性组分CoOH⁺的形成,大大抑制了催化性能.此外,在体系中加入淬灭剂叔丁醇（tert-Butanol,TBA）或者乙醇（ethanol,ETOH）进行自由基的淬灭实验,结果表明SO₄^·-自由基为体系降解PZF过程中主要贡献的自由基,而HO^·自由基的贡献较少.催化剂具有较好的稳定性5次循环之后仍能在10 min之内完全去除PZF.本研究提出了新的思路为制备其他载体的Co（OH）₂核壳结构提供参考依据,同时将该催化剂结合高级氧化技术应用到水体新兴有机污染物净化领域具有很好的应用前景.     

鄂尔多斯市夏秋季气溶胶新粒子生成过程影响因素分析

利用宽范围粒径谱仪于2019年8月16至10月4日在鄂尔多斯市观测了10 nm~10 μm气溶胶粒径分布,结合PM（PM_2.5和PM₁₀）、污染气体、气象数据和HYSPLIT模式,分析了新粒子生成（NPF）特征及其主要影响因素.结果表明,观测期间一共出现19次NPF过程,占总观测期间的37.5%.NPF过程中对不同模态气溶胶数浓度日变化的影响不同.NPF使得核模态和爱根核模态气溶胶数浓度急剧增加,但是对积聚模态和粗模态气溶胶数浓度的影响较小.NPF发生时往往温度较高,风速较大,总辐照度较高,RH较低.NPF天PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO和NO₂的浓度较低,O₃和SO₂浓度较高.40.0%的偏北气团和29.6%的偏南气团可观测到NPF过程.不同气团类型NPF过程中气象要素存在显著差异.南部气团类型NPF过程中风速最小,平均为（2.4±1.5）m·s^-1;RH最高,平均为（48.8±10.8）%;北部气团类型NPF过程中风速最大,平均为（4.2±1.9）m·s^-1;总辐照度最高,平均为（664.5±255.6）W·m^-2;西部气团类型NPF过程中RH最低,平均为（29.8±12.7）%.不同气团类型NPF过程中新粒子的生成速率相差不大,为1.5~1.8cm^-3·s^-1.南部气团类型NPF过程中增长速率最大,为（12.7±13.6）nm·h^-1,是北部气团类型和西部气团类型的1.2倍和1.4倍.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.     

Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.