"环保执法难"的问题与对策

从环保执法体制,环保执法法律,环保执法能力等方面简述了环保执法难的原因.指出应理顺环保执法体制,营造良好的执法制度环境.从环保执法的源头入手,完善环保立法.提高执法人员素质,加强执法技术装备,提高环保执法能力.突破现有的环保执法模式,按照可持续发展的现实需要,构建起政府控制与多种形式相结合的开放式的有效环保执法体制,从...     

谈乡镇环境监理机构的建设

谈乡镇环境监理机构的建设任贵平（山西省临汾地区环境监理所０４１０００）乡镇环境监理派出机构是环保工作为适应市场经济，加强基层环境执法建设而设置的，其工作是具体的、直接的现场执法行政行为，因此，必须加强建设，使其规范、健康地发展。现就临汾地区近几年乡镇...     

基于GIS的海口市污染源动态管理系统设计与开发

分析了海口市污染源动态管理系统建设需求与主要目标,介绍了基于GIS的系统总体架构、技术路线和空间数据库。系统具有信息管理、数据采集、监察执法、查询统计、档案管理、"环保一张图"、专题图绘制、运维管理等功能,具备污染源全生命周期管理、信息共享、绩效评价等特色。     

试论环境法制建设与环境监理

试论环境法制建设与环境监理艾莉（南京市环境监理站２１００１８）环境监理是我国环境保护走上法制化建设的必然产物。结合中国国情和环保工作的实际状况，同时借鉴工商，税务等部门执法队伍建设的做法，以征收排污费为主，专门从事现场监督检查的环境监理站应运而生并迅...     

以电子环保标志为载体构建机动车污染控制物联网体系

以南京为例,探讨以电子环保标志为载体,以射频识别技术构建机动车污染控制物联网体系,通过绿色智能交通系统、公交优先通行系统、高污染车限行执法系统、不同排放标准车辆的通行控制系统、机动车环保远程核查系统、交通污染智能监测在线调控系统、机动车污染联防联控系统、职能部门信息共享系统的建立,达到控制机动车污染、改善交通拥堵、提高...     

从排放污水pH 9.04超标收费想到的

由一个环境执法事件所引发的对数据有效性争议,对目前环境监测中实际存在的部分问题如监测数据修约、环保设施处理效率的评价、大气污染源监测等进行了探讨,对今后提高监测系统的数据质量具有很好的指导作用.     

县（市）环保执法的现状与对策

概述了目前县（市）环保执法中存在的问题，提出了加强县（市）环保执法的对策。     

污染源在线监控系统日常运行中存在的问题与建议

随着国家的重视和环保事业的发展,污染源在线监控系统发挥着越来越重要的作用。污染源在线监控作为一种先进技术,其监测数据在提高执法工作效率和其他环境管理等方面具有优势。阐述了现阶段污染源在线监控系统建设运行过程中存在的问题并进行分析,提出了解决对策和建议。     

浅析环境执法现状及对策

环境执法是强化环境监督,控制环境污染的重要手段之一,在保障环保法律、法规的实施,加强环境建设方面起着十分重要的作用。然而,从我国环境执法实践来看,普遍存在着环境执法难、难执法,以权代法、暴力抗法等现象,给整个环境保护工作带来不利的影响。现从我国环境行政执法的现状出发,对环境执法中所存在的问题进行分析,提出对策和建议。     

水污染源在线监测系统常见问题及核查方法研究

在近两年环保执法检查和调研的基础上,归纳了水污染源在线监测系统在采样、分析、数据采集传输和运行维护等方面常见的问题,进行分析,逐一提出核查方法,为现场核查提供参考,有利于水污染源在线监测系统的应用。     

GPRS烟气在线监控系统的设计

阐述了采用完全抽取方式的GPRS烟气在线监控系统的功能和构成。该系统从功能上分为烟气信息监测监控收集子系统、烟气信息加工及处理子系统和环境管理决策支持及信息发布子系统,结构上分为监测点和监控中心两部分。监控中心包括省级监控中心和市级监控中心,监测点包括仪器分析单元、控制单元和通讯系统。指出基于中国移动GPRS／GSM的烟气数据监控系统具有建设使用成本低、监测监控范围大、积木化结构、技术先进和数据并行收取等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

A Time-Dependent System for Evaluating Groundwater Contamination Hazard Rating of Municipal Solid Waste Dumps

In developing countries, several old municipal solid waste dumps (unlined landfills) exist adjacent to large cities, releasing contaminants to the underlying aquifer, thus posing the hazard of groundwater contamination. These uncontrolled waste dumps need to be prioritized in terms of the groundwater contamination hazard posed by them, so that necessary control and remedial measures can be undertaken in a phased manner. This paper presents a time-dependent system for evaluating groundwater contamination hazard rating of municipal solid waste dumps. The system is based on source–pathway–receptor relationships and evaluates the relative value of hazard posed by a site over its entire leaching life, on a scale of 0–1,000. The system parameters have been selected based on literature and expert opinions. The Delphi technique is used to derive the relative importance weights of the system parameters. The proposed system is compared with six selected existing hazard rating systems. The comparison, made by way of score range analysis, shows that the proposed system exhibits a much wider range of hazard scores for various scenarios of site conditions, and hence the proposed system is more sensitive to varied site conditions. The application of different systems to six municipal solid waste dumps located in four cities of India shows that, whereas the existing systems individually produce clustered scores and return the same rank to more than one site, the proposed system produces significantly varying scores and return different ranks to different sites. This demonstrates that the proposed system improves decision making and makes a better basis for prioritization of municipal solid waste dumps for adopting control and remedial measures.     

浅谈我国水质自动监测质量保证与质量控制

文章阐述了水质自动监测全过程的质量保证与质量控制措施,包括站点选择、采配水单元设计、仪器选型及日常监测等,并根据实际经验,对自动监测数据质量检查和审核提出了建议。     

Development of a multi-criteria index ranking system for urban runoff best management practices (BMPs) selection

Low impact development best management practices (LID-BMPs) are considered to be cost-effective measures for mitigating the water quantity and quality impact of urban runoff. Currently, there are many types of LID-BMPs, and each type has its own intrinsic technical and/or economical characteristics and limitations for implementation. The selection of the most appropriate BMP type(s) for a specific installation site is therefore a very important planning step. In the present study, a multi-criteria selection index system (MCIS) for LID-BMP planning was developed. The selection indexes include 12 first-level indices and 26 second-level indices which reflect the specific installation site characteristics pertaining to site suitability, runoff control performance, and economics of implementation. A mechanism for ranking the BMPs was devised. First, each individual second-level index was assigned a numeric value that was based on site characteristics and information on LID-BMPs. The quantified indices were normalized and then integrated to obtain the score for each of the first-level index. The final evaluation scores of each LID-BMP were then calculated based on the scores for the first-level indices. Finally, the appropriate BMP types for a specific installation site were determined according to the rank of the final evaluation scores. In order to facilitate the application of the MCIS BMP ranking system, the computational process has been coded into a software program, BMPSELEC. A case study demonstrating the MCIS methodology, using an LID-BMP implementation planning at a college campus in Foshan, Guangdong Province, is presented.     

Solar photovoltaics in airport: Risk assessment and mitigation strategies

Solar PV systems are being installed in airports across the globe. It is a relatively new application of solar PV technology with a potential impact on aviation safety. The main objective of this paper is to assess the risk of solar photovoltaics at the airport. At first, potential risk/ hazard to aviation safety from solar photovoltaics in airport premises is identified, and then the severity and probability level for each risk is assessed. A risk assessment matrix is developed using Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment method. It is observed that there are seven types of possible hazards from airport-based solar PV systems. The risk index is highest for glare occurrence from PV modules (4B), strike from birds in PV site (4B), and interference to communication systems (3B). It is concluded that most of the risks need implementation of mitigation measures such as prior glare assessment in the feasible sites, periodic monitoring of bird's activity in the PV array and follow safety distance between PV array and communication aids. Researchers and engineers must work along with aviation and airport officials to mitigate possible risks from solar PV installation in the airports.     

通讯基站环境电磁辐射监管平台设计及运用

从移动通信基站电磁辐射的特点及管理要素入手,针对通信基站环境监管环节中存在的问题,设计通讯基站环境电磁辐射监管平台,提出合理有效的环境监管措施,实现历史监测数据、环评、验收资料电子化,信息公开化;通过平台开展电磁知识宣传教育,建立网络互动,有效遏制通讯基站建设违规行为,提高环保监管效率。     

Performance evaluation of a full-scale natural treatment system for nonpoint source and point source pollution removal

This study presents a full-scale performance of a natural treatment system (NTS) facility in Taiwan with nearly 2 years of observations. The study site, composed of several treatment ponds in series, was designed primarily to reduce polluted stormwater runoff from tea gardens and partially to untreated domestic wastewater from nearby villages. Thus, both nonpoint source and point source pollution are treated in this system. From 28 field samplings in 2006-2007, the NTS site shows satisfactory treatment performance and the effluent water quality is significantly improved. Seven of the 28 sampling events are storm events (nonpoint source pollution) and the remainder are from regular monitoring (point source pollution). The average volume of influent and effluent is 533 CMD and 196 CMD, respectively. In order to determine the removal efficiency, several assessment measures are employed in an attempt to obtain unbiased conclusions. They are removal rate (RR), efficiency rate (ER), summation of loads (SOL), flux rate (FR), and effluent probability method (EPM). The average percent removal efficiency of NH(3)-N is 53.5-75.2% and of TP is 59.0-84.7%, in which the highest result is calculated by SOL method and the lowest rate is obtained from RR. In FR evaluation, larger treatment capacity for NH(3)-N than for TP is provided in the site and the average FR is respectively 0.230 g/m(2) day and 0.017 g/m(2) day. Of the methods examined, EPM is the only method capable of illustrating data distribution. Finally, recommendations on the usefulness of these measures are summarized to facilitate the understandings of NTS performance evaluations.     

北京市典型道路交通噪声排放特征

采用北京市道路交通噪声自动监测系统2013—2017年采集的等效连续A声级数据,对城市快速路、城市主干线、城市次干线、城市支路的代表性站点噪声排放情况进行了统计分析,结果显示,北京市不同等级的道路噪声排放具备一定的特征,排放水平从大到小依次为城市快速路城市主干线城市支路和城市次干线,道路噪声随时间变化存在较为一致的周期性排放特征,24 h变化特征比较明显。个别道路排放特征存在特异性,如城市主干线道路的一个代表监测站点噪声监测值出现了逐年下降趋势,分析发现,北京市非首都功能疏解对其噪声值的下降有一定贡献。采取一定的规划和管理措施有助于减少道路交通噪声的排放。     

大气监测网络通信系统设计与实现

根据监测网络通信的特点,设计了大气监测网络通信体系,并在系统中引入了学习算法和缓存机制,有效地提高了大气监测网络通信系统的灵活性和效率。     

无人机监测在城市环境大气污染物扩散数值模拟中的应用

通过数值模拟手段,确定城市区域污染源对周边环境的影响程度和影响范围,确定污染源周边环境复杂程度对烟气扩散的影响程度。结果表明,数值模拟结果与无人机监测结果具有相同的变化规律,验证了数值模拟的合理性,可为项目选址、排污口设置、大气污染防治措施及相关工程设计等提供科学依据或指导性意见。