共同推进环境与发展国际合作——李鹏总理在“发展中国家环境与发展部长级会议”上的讲话

主席先生, 尊敬的各国代表和来宾, 女士们,先生们: 首先,我代表中国政府,并以我个人的名义,对“发展中国家环境与发展部长级会议”的召开表示热烈祝贺,衷心感谢各国代表、观察员和来宾接受中国政府的邀请,从世界各地来到北京参加这次重要的会议!借此机会,我也向为筹备这次会议作出贡献的各国政府官员和专家表示感谢。全球环境和发展问题,是世界各国共同关心的焦点。在今天的世界上,既面临着全球环境恶化的严峻挑战和威胁,也存在着繁荣和发展的机遇和活力。何如迎接挑战,有效地解决环境问题,实现持续发展的目标,使我们的子孙后代能够有一个永续利用和安居乐业的星球,是人类必须作出的回答和抉择。     

张力军副部长在2008年全国环境执法工作会议上的报告

这次会议是环境保护部成立以来的第一次全国环境执法工作会议，生贤部长高度重视并亲临会议发表重要讲话，深刻地阐述了新形势下做好环境执法监督工作的重要性，高屋建瓴地指出了必须加快建设完备的环境执法监督体系，并对当前和今后一个时期的执法工作提出了明确要求。面对环保事业加快发展的新形势，同志们欢欣鼓舞、信心大增。下面我就贯彻落实生贤部长的讲话精神，做好“十一五”后3年特别是2008年的环境执法工作讲几点意见。     

如何利用PowerPoint 2000召开环境网络会议

为了充分发挥我局网络的作用，结合PowerPoint2000，介绍了如何实现召开环境网络会议。     

提升工作水平 改善环境质量 开创河北环境保护工作新局面——在2005年全省环境保护工作会议上的报告

根据会议安排，我就2004年全省环保工作主要进展、当前环境形势和今年的重点丁作安排，向大家做简要汇报。     

可持续发展是中国的惟一选择--访联合国副秘书长莫里斯·斯特朗

问：很荣幸能够请您到我中心来接受这个短暂的采访，我想我们的谈话可以从全球环境状况开始，您认为世界环境目前     

星球和我们都需要你！

1972年6媚5日，联合国在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩召开了《联合国人类环境会议》，这是人类历史上第一次在全世界范围内研究保护人类环境的会议。会议通过了《人类环境宣言》，并提出将每年的6月5日定为“世界环境日”。     

在联合国环境规划理事会第四届会议上中国代表团团长王越毅同志的发言

主席先生: 中华人民共和国代表团来到这里,出席联合国环境理事会第四次会议,同各国代表一道,审议会议面临的一些问题,感到高兴。请允许我以中国代表团的名义向新任环境规划署执行主任托尔巴先生和当选为本届会议主席的弗·比·默里先生表示祝贺。 自从一九七二年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议以来,环境规划理事会已经召开过三次会议。通过广泛讨论和协商,理事会在拟定保护改善人类环境的行动计划、交流环境技术经验等方面,     

从斯德哥尔摩到约翰内斯堡的道路--人类环境保护史上的三个路标

从斯德哥尔摩到约翰内斯堡，从北半球到南半球，人类整整走了３０年。这３０年，是人类历史上不平凡的３０年，是人类理性又一次觉醒和复苏的３０年，是人类文明走向绿色文明的３０年。回眸这３０年的发展历程，我们看到，在这颗星球上发生了许多具有划时代意义的变革，其中包括了生态环境领域的变革。作为一个见证人，我亲眼见证甚至参与了其中的一些变革，我愿意与大家一起来分享这些变革的喜悦和欢欣。第一个路标：１９７２年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议１９７２年６月５日，联合国在瑞典斯德哥尔摩召开人类环境会议，共有１１３个国家和一些…     

会展旅游生态环境承载力与经济发展之间的关系研究

<正>旅游业一直被称为无烟的产业，旅游业可以带动地方的经济快速发展，同时也能够对生态环境和自然环境进行保护。但如果旅游行业过分追求经济利益，无视环境的持续性就会导致旅游经济发展被制约，生态环境超出承载力，遭受无法挽回的破坏。会展旅游作为旅游市场的新兴产业也是较具前景的旅游产业，主要有业务会议、奖励旅游、协会或者团体组织的会议以及展览等形式组成，既能够起到旅游放松的作用还能够进行教育、推销等业务。带动地方经济的同时关注生态环境的平衡，这样能够积极响应我国对环境保护的号召和可持续发展的理念。     

把握重点狠抓落实——孙瑞彬副省长在全省迎奥运安全环境保障电视电话会议上的讲话

这次会议是在北京奥运会日益临近、安全环境保障任务异常艰巨的情况下,由省政府决定召开的一次非常重要的会议。下面,我讲几点意见。     

Autopoiesis: a review and a reappraisal

The aim of the paper is to review critically the notion of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana and Varela. In particular, recognizing that there are difficulties in obtaining a complete and clear picture from the primary literature, an effort is made to present a coherent view--also based on many years of personal contact with Francisco Varela. The paper begins with a few historical notes to highlight the cultural background from which the notion of autopoiesis arose. The basic principles of autopoiesis as a theory of cellular life are then described, emphasizing also what autopoiesis is not: not an abstract theory, not a concept of artificial life, not a theory about the origin of life--but rather a pragmatic blueprint of life based on cellular life. It shown how this view leads to a conceptually clear definition of minimal life and to a logical link with related notions, such as self-organization, emergence, biological autonomy, auto-referentiality, and interactions with the environment. The perturbations brought about by the environment are seen as changes selected and triggered by the inner organization of the living. These selective coupling interactions impart meaning to the minimal life and are thus defined by Maturana and Varela with the arguable term of "cognition". This particular view on the mutual interactions between living organism and environment leads these authors to the notion of "enaction", and to the surprising view that autopoiesis and cognition are two complementary, and in a way equivalent, aspects of life. It is then shown how cognition, so defined, permits us to build a bridge between biology and cognitive science. Autopoiesis also allows one to conceive chemical models of minimal cellular life that can be implemented experimentally. The corresponding work on "chemical autopoiesis" is then reviewed. The surprising impact of autopoiesis in the social sciences ("social autopoiesis") is also briefly discussed. This review also comments on why the theory of autopoiesis had, and still has, a difficult time being accepted into the mainstream of life-science research. Finally, it is pointed out that the new interest in system biology and complexity theories may lead to a reappraisal of autopoiesis and related notions, as outlined also by other authors, such as Tibor Ganti and Stuart Kauffmann.     

公众环境意识与可持续发展关系初探

目前,国内存在的各种环境问题,归根到底是由于发展战略的不同所致,人们开始重新去认识和评价传统发展战略的局限性,标志着人类文明即将步入一个被称之"环境文明"新的历史时代.历史文化传统和经济发展水平决定公众环境意识,公众的环境意识直接影响可持续发展战略的实施,如何增强,提出决策和建议,通过大力开展环境宣传教育,提高公众环境意识,可持续发展,实现可持续发展的战略.     

Self-Injection of a Dipteran Parasitoid into a Spider

 A host invasion strategy hitherto unknown from other insect parasitoids was observed in the dipteran Acrocera orbicula (Fabricius) (Diptera: Acroceridae) parasitizing the wolf spider, Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch) (Araneida: Lycosidae). In laboratory experiments the free-living first instar acrocerid larvae attached themselves firmly to the spiders' integument by the mouthparts, cutting a tiny hole through the integument. No first instar larvae invaded the host. A week later the parasitoids molted, and a small, flexible, and glabrous second instar larva left each of the attached first instar exuviae and invaded the host through the attachment hole of the first instar larva. The novel host invasion pattern observed may reduce physical damage to the host in the initial phase of endoparasitism, enhancing parasitoid survival. Received: 14 April 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 2 July 1999     

Attributes of a hopper-predator community in a rice field

A hopper-predator community in an experimental rice field was observed weekly with regard to information content (H′), formation of a geometric series or the grade of orderly distribution of component taxa (R²), and clumping index (I). These community attributes changed with time in close association with one another, and attained the highest values around the heading time of the rice. Significant correlations were found between the density of prey and that of predators when a certain time-lag was assumed for the increase of predators.     

建设宁静家园 营造和谐环境——厦门市思明区创建“安静居住小区”的做法和体会

创建安静居住小区,是以营造安静和谐的宜居生活环境为目标,通过强化噪声监管、开展宣传教育等方式,改善城区声环境质量,提高居民环保意识,提高城市文明水平的一种有效方式.2009年以来,厦门市思明全区开展创建“安静居住小区”工作.目前,25个创建小区中共有24个通过验收达标.“安静居住小区”创建以来,小区居民对居住环境质量的满意率达到97％,小区噪声污染得到有效治理,居民的环保意识得到极大提高.     

建设绿色重庆构建和谐社会

"十一五"是我国经济社会发展的重要战略机遇期,也是环境保护工作极具挑战的时期.我们将以党的十六届五中全会精神为指针,以建设"绿色重庆"为目标,以"预防为主、综合治理,不欠新账、多还旧账,创新机制、强化监管,突出重点、分类指导,典型示范、带动全面"为基本原则,发展循环经济,解决突出问题,改善环境质量,建立工作机制,努力构建环境友好型社会.     

When a year takes 18 months: evidence for a strong circannual clock in a shorebird

During the last three of 20 years kept as a pet, a red knot (Calidris canutus) went through two complete 'circannual' cycles of body mass and plumage. With a record cycle length of 18 months, this individual shorebird provides evidence for an exceptionally strong circannual clock system. The absence of synchronisation to outdoor but visible periodic cues suggests that the constant, socially-induced, day-night environment was of overriding importance. So far, only for songbirds is there firm experimental evidence that annual cycles are orchestrated by an endogenous circannual clock system. In constant environments the circannual cycles of these passerines tend to have periods that are shorter, rather than longer, than a year.     

Performance of a novel vertical-flow settler: a comparative study

By increasing particle concentration and G value （root-mean-square velocity gradient） to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a floes blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large floes, resulted from flocculation or fltration, would continuously settle out of the floes blanket, and simultaneously, the floes in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the floes blanket. As a result, the floes concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the floes blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations （500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively） coagulated by polyaluminum chloride（PAC1） at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively.