Cr(VI) represents an environmental challenge in both soil and water as it is soluble and bioavailable over a wide range of pH. In previous investigations, Portulaca oleracea (a plant local to the United Arab Emirates (UAE)) demonstrated particular ability for the phytoextraction of Cr(VI) from calcareous soil of the UAE. In this publication, the results of the evaluation of P. oleracea phytoextraction of Cr(VI) from UAE soil at higher concentrations are reported. P. oleracea was exposed to nine different concentrations of Cr(VI) in soil from 0 to 400 mg kg?1. The uptake of Cr(VI) increased as its concentration in soil increased between 50 and 400 mg kg?1, with the most efficient removal in the range from 150 to 200 mg kg?1. The total chromium concentrations exceeded 4600 mg kg?1 in roots and 1400 mg kg?1 in stems, confirming the role of P. oleracea as an effective Cr(VI) accumulator. More than 95% of the accumulated Cr(VI) was reduced to the less toxic Cr(III) within the plant. 相似文献
High quality and low cost carbon can be prepared from Eupatorium adenophorum （E. adenophorum） and Buckwheat straw. The biosorbent was used for Cr（VI） removal. The effect of experimental parameters, such as pH, sorbent dosage and temperature were examined and the optimal experimental condition was determned. Solution pH is found influencing the adsorp- tion. Cr（VI） removal efficiency is found to be maximum （98%） at pH= 1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable to the adsorption process and their constants were evaluated. The adsorption data obtained agreed well with the Langmuir sorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr（VI） ranged from 46.23 to 55.19mg.g^-1 for temperature between 298 K and 308 K under the condition of pH = 1.0. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change （AG）, enthalpy （AH） and entropy （AS） indicate a spontaneous, endothermic and increased randomness nature of Cr（VI） adsorption. Studies found that the raw E. adenophorum and buckwheat straw mixed materials with simple treatment had a high efficiency for the removal of Cr（VI） and would be a promising adsorbent. 相似文献
The synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine-triethylenetetramine (TATETA), its characterization by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and its application for removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution is reported. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration of Cr(VI), sorbent dose, and temperature on adsorption were investigated and optimized by batch adsorption experiments. Adsorption was highest at acidic conditions with an equilibration time of 25 min. The adsorption followed a Langmuir model, with an adsorption capacity of 303 mg g?1, was second order in its kinetics, and exothermic and thus spontaneous. 相似文献
● N2H4 addition enhanced and recovered anammox performance under Cr(VI) stress. ● N2H4 accelerated electron transfer of Cr(VI) reduction for detoxification. ● N2H4 enhanced anammox metabolism for activity recovery from Cr(VI) inhibition. ● Extracellular Cr(VI) reduction to less toxic Cr(III) was the dominant mechanism. The hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) would frequently impose inhibition to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, hindering the efficiency of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. Hydrazine (N2H4), which is an intermediate product of anammox, participates in intracellular metabolism and extracellular Cr(VI) reduction. However, the roles of N2H4-induced intracellular metabolism and extracellular reduction in nitrogen removal under Cr(VI) stress remain unclear. The addition of 3.67 mg/L of N2H4 increased the anammox activity by 17%. As an intermediate, N2H4 enhanced anammox metabolism by increasing the heme c content and electron transfer system activity. As a reductant, N2H4 accelerated the reduction of c-Cyts-mediated extracellular Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III). Extracellular Cr(III) accounts for 74% of the total Cr in a Cr(VI)-stressed anammox consortia. These findings highlight that N2H4-induced extracellular Cr(VI) reduction is the dominant mechanism for the survival of anammox consortia. We also found that N2H4 increased the production of extracellular polymeric substances to sequester excessive Cr(VI) and produced Cr(III). Taken together, the study findings suggest a potential strategy for enhancing nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater contaminated with Cr(VI). 相似文献
Chromium compounds have received considerable attention because these are used extensively in such industrial applications as electroplating, steelmaking, tanning of leather goods, and corrosion inhibition. The use of supported liquid membranes (SLMs) to remove metals from wastewaters has actively been pursued by the scientific and industrial community. In the present work, the selective separation and preconcentration of Cr(VI) ions has been studied by using a commercial amine as the membrane liquid on the porous polypropylene support. Permeation experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale batch reactor made up of perspex, with a memberane fixed amid the two chambers. The flux of Cr(VI) ions was found to be maximum (3.15?×?10?5?mol?cm?2?s?1) around pH 1. Above and below this pH the flux decreases. Distribution studies show that an increase in the amine concentration leads to higher distribution coefficients at fixed pH values. At pH around unity, the distribution of Cr(VI) ions into the organic phase was found to be maximum, of the order of 56.3. The Cr(VI) transport through the membrane increases with rise in temperature. In order to check the long-term efficiency of the flat sheet SLM, an experiment was conducted with higher Cr(VI) concentration (5000?ppm) for 24?h, at optimised parameters. It was observed that in 24?h, about 1/5th of the feed Cr(VI) is left over while the rest is transported. However, minute organic droplets were also seen in the feed and strip compartments, after 1 day. This observation suggested the loss of membrane liquid. The feasibility of preconcentration of Cr(VI) by using the proposed SLM parameters, was also studied by using the hollow fibre (HF) system. Highest enrichment factor (E.F) value was obtained for 50?mg?L?1 whereby all of the metal was transported to the stripping phase and the resulting Cr concentration was 688?mg?L?1 (E.F?=?13.8). It was observed that while treating more diluted solutions, the enrichment factor decreases. The values of E.F equal to 8.9 and 11.3 were found for initial Cr concentration of 10 and 30?mg?L?1. 相似文献
PFRs were produced on biochar during Cr(VI) decontamination.PFRs formation on biochar was owing to the oxidization of phenolic-OH by Cr(VI).Appearance of excessive oxidant led to the consumption of PFRs on biochar.Biochar charred at high temperature possessed great performance to Cr(VI) removal. This study investigated the facilitation of Cr(VI) decontamination to the formation of persistent free radicals (PFRs) on rice husk derived biochar. It was found that Cr(VI) remediation by biochar facilitated the production of PFRs, which increased with the concentration of treated Cr(VI). However, excessive Cr(VI) would induce their decay. Biochar with high pyrolysis temperature possessed great performance to Cr(VI) removal, which was mainly originated from its reduction by biochar from Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. And the corresponding generation of PFRs on biochar was primarily ascribed to the oxidization of phenolic hydroxyl groups by Cr(VI) from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis, which was further verified by the H2O2 treatment experiments. The findings of this study will help to illustrate the transformation of reactive functional groups on biochar and provide a new insight into the role of biochar in environmental remediation. 相似文献
Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) on the cathodes of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) can remove metals from the catholyte, but the response of these indigenous EAB toward exotic metals has not been examined, particularly from the perspective of the co-presence of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) in a wastewater. Four known indigenous Cd-tolerant EAB of Ochrobactrum sp X1, Pseudomonas sp X3, Pseudomonas delhiensis X5, and Ochrobactrum anthropi X7 removed more Cd(II) and less Cr(VI) in the simultaneous presence of Cd(II) and Cr(VI), compared to the controls with individual Cd(II) or single Cr(VI). Response of these EAB toward exotic Cr(VI) was related to the associated subcellular metal distribution based on the sensing of fluorescence probes. EAB cell membrane harbored more cadmium than chromium and cytoplasm located more chromium than cadmium, among which the imaging of intracelluler Cr(III) ions increased over time, contrary to the decreased trend for Cd(II) ions. Compared to the controls with single Cd(II), exotic Cr(VI) decreased the imaging of Cd(II) ions in the EAB at an initial 2 h and negligibly affected thereafter. However, Cd(II) diminished the imaging of Cr (III) ions in the EAB over time, compared to the controls with individual Cr(VI). Current accelerated the harboring of cadmium at an initial 2 h and directed the accumulation of chromium in EAB over time. This study provides a viable approach for simultaneously quantitatively imaging Cd(II) and Cr (III) ions in EAB and thus gives valuable insights into the response of indigenous Cd-tolerant EAB toward exotic Cr(VI) in MECs.
In this study, we prepared a new adsorbent and evaluated its ability to adsorb Mo(VI). Gibbsite was granulated with colloidal alumina or colloidal silica. The amount of Mo(VI) adsorbed onto granular gibbsite with a binder, effect of contact time and pH on the adsorption of Mo(VI), and column experiments were investigated. The amount of Mo(VI) adsorbed was greater in the order of ST12 (colloidal silica, 12%)?相似文献
