Potentially toxic elements in groundwater: a hotspot research topic in environmental science and pollution research

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A scientometric analysis based on the Scopus database was conducted to provide insight into research activities on the occurrence of potentially toxic...     

High ozone levels in the northeast of Portugal: Analysis and characterization

Each summer period extremely high ozone levels are registered at the rural background station of Lamas d'Olo, located in the Northeast of Portugal. In average, 30% of the total alert threshold registered in Portugal is detected at this site. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone-rich episodes at this site. Synoptic patterns anomalies and back trajectories cluster analysis were performed, for the period between 2004 and 2007, considering 76 days when ozone maximum hourly concentrations were above 200 μg m^?3. The obtained atmospheric anomaly fields suggested that a positive temperature anomaly is visible above the Iberian Peninsula. A strong wind flow pattern from NE is observable in the North of Portugal and Galicia, in Spain. These two features may lead to an enhancement of the photochemical production and to the transport of pollutants from Spain to Portugal. In addition, the 3D mean back trajectories associated to the ozone episode days were analysed. A clustering method has been applied to the obtained back trajectories. Four main clusters of ozone-rich episodes were identified, with different frequencies of occurrence: north-westerly flows (11%); north-easterly flows (45%), southern flow (4%) and westerly flows (40%). Both analyses highlight the NE flow as a dominant pattern over the North of Portugal during summer. The analysis of the ozone concentrations for each selected cluster indicates that this northeast circulation pattern, together with the southern flow, are responsible for the highest ozone peak episodes. This also suggests that long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants is the main contributor to the ozone levels registered at Lamas d'Olo. This is also highlighted by the correlation of the ozone time-series with the meteorological parameters analysed in the frequency domain.     

Impact of airborne pollution on the drainage area of subarctic lakes and fish

Within the period from 1989 to 1993, the impact of heavy metals and acid oxides on lakes, more than 100 km distant from the nearest source of pollution (enterprises of the copper-nickel industry), has been investigated. On the basis of complex investigations (chemical composition of snowpack and lake sediments, state of fish organisms and populations), it was discovered that there is intensive precipitation of heavy metals and acid oxides within the catchment of the lake Kochejavr. The catchment is characterized by a natural buffer capacity to neutralize acid precipitation. Active accumulation of heavy metals is observed in lake sediments. Metal accumulation causes subtoxic effects on the lake fish. The levels of precipitation of nickel and copper of 0.9 mg/m2 per year over long periods was found to be dangerous for biological systems of freshwater catchments.     

Economic growth and environmental pollution in Myanmar: an analysis of environmental Kuznets curve

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This empirical study examines the short- and long-run relationship between GDP as an economic growth indicator and CO2 emissions as an environmental...     

Relationship embedding and environmental governance performance research of pollution in a mining area,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to explore the enterprises in the mining area, in the face of environmental pollution, to use relationship embedding to...     

Regional variation in the chemical composition of winter snow pack and terricolous lichens in relation to sources of acid emissions in the Usa river basin,northeast European Russia

The chemical composition of snow and terricolous lichens was determined along transects through the Subarctic towns of Vorkuta (130 km west-east), Inta (240 km south-north) and Usinsk (140 km, southwest-northeast) in the Usa river basin, northeast European Russia. Evidence of pollution gradients was found on two spatial scales. First, on the Inta transect, northward decreases in concentrations of N in the lichen Cladonia stellaris (from 0.57 mmol N g(-1) at 90 km south to 0.43 mmol N g(-1) at 130 km north of Inta) and winter deposition of non-sea salt sulphate (from 29.3 to 12.8 mol ha(-1) at 90 km south and 110 km north of Inta, respectively) were attributed to long range transport of N and S from lower latitudes. Second, increased ionic content (SO42-, Ca2+, K+) and pH of snow, and modified N concentration and the concentration ratios K+:Mg2+ and K+: (Mg2++Ca2+) in lichens (Cladonia arbuscula and Flavocetraria cucullata) within ca. 25-40 km of Vorkuta and Inta were largely attributed to local deposition of alkaline coal ash. Total sulphate concentrations in snow varied from ca. 5 micromol l(-1) at remote sites to ca. 19 micromol l(-1) near Vorkuta. Nitrate concentration in snow (typically ca. 9 micromol l(-1)) did not vary with proximity to perceived pollution sources.     

不同种植方式蔬菜中农药残留的差异及污染控制研究

采集了陕西地区不同种植方式的瓜果类、叶菜类蔬菜样品,研究了其中各种农药的残留情况,并分析了农药残留对环境的污染及其控制措施。结果表明:露地种植蔬菜与设施种植蔬菜相比,无论是农药残留检出率还是超标率都略高,两者的农药残留检出率分别为42.0%、36.5%,超标率分别为12.0%、8.2%;叶菜类蔬菜与瓜果类蔬菜相比,无论是农药残留检出率还是超标率都较高,两者的农药残留检出率分别为52.6%、29.6%,超标率分别为17.3%、5.4%;设施种植的瓜果类蔬菜和叶菜类蔬菜的农药残留检出率基本接近,而叶菜类蔬菜的农药残留超标率明显高于瓜果类蔬菜,露地种植的叶菜类蔬菜的农药残留检出率和超标率都远高于瓜果类蔬菜;设施种植蔬菜与露地种植蔬菜相比,甲胺磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、毒死蜱、三氟氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的残留检出率更高;瓜果类蔬菜与叶菜类蔬菜相比,毒死蜱、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的残留检出率更高;叶菜类蔬菜的农药施用浓度较高,施用农药后要间隔一定时间后再上市销售,并应采用更科学的施药方式,以减少农药在蔬菜中的残留和降低对环境的危害;一方面要开发并积极倡导使用高效、低毒、低残留的无公害农药,另一方面则要开发能够高效、快速降解残留农药的物质,同时还要进行农产品的清洁生产,以提高农产品的安全性,并降低环境中农药的残留危害。     

Striking the balance: Challenges and perspectives for the protected areas network in northeastern European Russia

Increasing anthropogenic pressure on the largest remaining tracts of old-growth boreal forest in Europe necessitates additional conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity in northeastern European Russia. In a regional network comprising 8 % of the Nenets Autonomous District and 13.5 % of the Komi Republic, 248 areas have varying protected statuses as state nature reserves (zapovedniks), national parks, reserves/sanctuaries (zakazniks), or natural monuments. Due to increased natural resource extraction in this relatively pristine area, designation of additional protected areas is critical for the protection of key ecological sites. The history of ecological preservation in these regions is herein described, and recent recommendations for incorporating additional ecologically representative areas into the regional network are presented. If the protected area network can be expanded, the overall environmental stability in these globally significant ecosystems may remain intact, and can help Russia meet the 2020 Aichi conservation targets, as set forth by the Convention of Biological Diversity.     

中国土壤环境污染态势及预防、控制和修复策略

在综述中国土壤环境污染态势及成因的基础上,提出了土壤环境污染的预防、控制和修复策略.指出了当前中国土壤环境污染态势严峻,表现出土壤污染范围在扩大,污染物种类在增多,出现了复合型、混合型的高风险污染区,呈现出从污灌型向与大气沉降型并重转变、城郊向农村延伸、局部向区域蔓延的趋势;体现出土壤污染与土壤酸化的叠加、多种传统污染物与新兴污染物相互混合的态势,危及粮食生产、食物质量、生态安全、人体健康以及区域可持续发展.认为以预防为主,预防、控制和修复相结合是中国在相当长时期内的土壤环境保护策略;土壤污染预防需要法律法规、评价标准、管理政策和公众参与,土壤污染控制需要发展物化控制、生物学控制及其协同控制技术,土壤污染修复需要研发工程修复技术、材料、产品与设备,建立技术规范、评价标准和管理体系,推动市场化和产业化发展.     

环境治理中光催化剂的失活与再生

催化剂失活是影响光催化过程用于污染治理经济实用的关键因素。对近几年来国内外环境污染控制中光催化剂的失活现象及其原因进行了综述．分析了液相和气相光催化反应体系中催化剂失活后再生的方法．特别是对气相光催化反应中水蒸汽的影响进行了讨论。     

Anthropogenic metal enrichment of snow and soil in north-eastern European Russia

Trace metal composition of winter snowpack, snow-melt filter residues and top-soil samples were determined along three transects through industrial towns in the Usa basin, North-East Russia: Inta, Usinsk and Vorkuta. Snow was analysed for Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn using ICP-MS (Ca and K by F-AAS for Vorkuta only), pH and acidity/alkalinity. Filter residues were analysed for: Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn using F-AAS and GF-AAS; top-soil samples were analysed for Ba, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn using F-AAS. Results indicate elevated concentrations of elements associated with alkaline combustion ash around the coal mining towns of Vorkuta and Inta. There is little evidence of deposition around the gas and oil town of Usinsk. Atmospheric deposition in the vicinity of Vorkuta, and to a lesser extent Inta, added significantly to the soil contaminant loading as a result of ash fallout. Acid deposition was associated with pristine areas whereas alkaline combustion ash near to emission sources more than compensated for the acidity caused by SO2.     

Metallurgy,environmental pollution and the decline of Etruscan civilisation

Background, aim and scope  

The Etruscans were justifiably famous in antiquity for their advanced metallurgy and for the rich mineral resources of their region (including La Tolfa, the Colline Metallifere, Mont’Amiata and Elba). We offer a new perspective on certain Iron Age and Archaic (ca. 1,000–480 bc) Etruscan industrial and habitation sites, and on the problem of heavy metal poisoning, still being investigated today, coincidentally in some of the same areas that originally saw Etruscan mines and workshops.     

Implications of research on endocrine disruption for the environmental risk assessment, regulation and monitoring of chemicals in the European Union

We assess the implications which research on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has for the regulation of synthetic substances and for the protection of the environment, particularly under the forthcoming European Union (EU) REACH legislation. EDCs present regulatory problems inter alia because they can act additively at concentrations which are individually harmless, and they may have non-classical dose (concentration)-response relationships at low exposure levels. Furthermore, current in vivo testing routines were not specifically designed to assess the endocrine disrupting properties of chemicals, whilst in silico and in vitro methods have only limited applicability and availability for this purpose. We need to ensure that the assessment approaches specified in the draft REACH legislation and Technical Guidance are able to evaluate EDCs efficiently. However, it must also be recognised that environmental monitoring procedures in Europe will need to be improved to detect EDCs that have evaded identification, and where appropriate, control, under REACH.     

An overview of environmental pollution prevention and management in China

This paper provides a broad overview of pollution prevention and management in China and details the specific measures that have been adopted at a national level. The paper begins by exploring some of the key environmental issues faced by China, and the history of environmental management in China. Then the current environmental legislation and standards in China are detailed, and the strategic pollution prevention measures that have been adopted are described. Next, the paper examines the environmental economic instruments and ethos that China appears to have adopted, and concludes by drawing a comparison with the development of pollution prevention in the western world and proposes a broad research agenda.     

天然沸石在环境污染治理中的应用进展

在简要介绍天然沸石性能的基础上,着重综述了国内外天然沸石在大气污染治理、水污染治理、除臭抗菌和饮用水降氟软化等方面的最新研究和应用进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

天津市秋季臭氧浓度影响因素及相关关系研究

选择天津市秋季典型重污染时期2005年11月2～7日近地面大气O3、NO、NO2、CO、紫外线(UV)强度和温度等观测数据,研究O3浓度的时间变化特征及其与相关前体物、气象条件的相关关系.结果表明,在观测期间O3浓度存在明显的日变化周期,在13:00～14:00时浓度最大,夜间变化平缓;O3浓度与NO、NO2、NOx和CO等前体物呈较好的负相关关系;温度和UV与O3浓度密切相关,昼间O3与UV呈相同变化趋势,相关系数达0.71,O3浓度变化滞后于UV变化,将O3浓度与前1小时的UV对比分析,相关系数提高到0.81.     

Permafrost and infrastructure in the usa Basin (Northeast European Russia): possible impacts of global warming

The relationship between permafrost conditions and the distribution of infrastructure in the Usa Basin, Northeast European Russia, is analyzed. About 75% of the Basin is underlain by permafrost terrain with various degrees of continuity (isolated patches to continuous permafrost). The region has a high level of urban and industrial development (e.g., towns, coal mines, hydrocarbon extraction sites, railway, pipelines). GIS-analyses indicate that about 60% of all infrastructure is located in the 'high risk' permafrost area, here defined as the zones of isolated to discontinuous permafrost (3-90% coverage) with 'warm' ground temperatures (0 to -2 degrees C). Ground monitoring, aerial photo interpretation, and permafrost modeling suggest a differential response to future global warming. Most of the permafrost-affected terrain will likely start to thaw within a few decades to a century. This forecast poses serious challenges to permafrost engineering and calls for long-term investments in adequate infrastructure that will pay back overtime.     

氢氧化镁在环境污染治理中的应用研究进展

本文综述了不同种类氢氧化镁工业产品的特性及其在废水处理、烟气脱硫等方面的应用进展 ,并讨论了在我国的应用趋势