浅析环境影响评价制度在经济发展中的困惑

对环境影响评价制度中存在的问题加以论述,如:经济增长指标至上,环评程序形同虚设;环保部门依法行政不能纸上谈兵;公众参与声音微弱;审批人员执法不严;评估机构五花八门,难以提供技术支持;评价机构良莠不齐,环评质量难以保障。     

部委动态

<正>环境保护部印发《关于以改善环境质量为核心加强环境影响评价管理的通知》10月27日,环境保护部印发《关于以改善环境质量为核心加强环境影响评价管理的通知》,要求强化"三线一单"约束作用,建立"三挂钩"机制,"三管齐下"切实维护群众的环境权益,更好地发挥环评制度从源头防范环境污染和生态破坏的作用,加快推进改善环境质量。"三线一单",即落实"生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线和环境准入负面清单"约束。"三挂钩"机制,即建立项目环评审批与规划环评、现有项目环境管理、区域环境质量联动机制。"三管齐下",即严格建设项目全过程管理、深化信息公开和公众参与、加强建设项目环境保护相关科普宣传。根据通知,各省级环保部门要落实"三个一批"的要求,加大"未批先建"     

民间视线

环评制度改革再起步在近日召开的全国环保系统政府信息公开工作会议上,环保部部长周生贤表示,环评制度亟须完善,为此环保部将采取多种改革措施,其中包括推动修订《环境影响评价法》,实行环评受理、审批和验收全过程三公开,2015年环保系统环评机构全部完成脱钩改制,并开展专项执法检查。另据《财经》杂志报道,针对今年以来越来越多的环境群体性事件,环保部正在研讨增加环境影响评价中公众参与部分的权重。"先界定利益相关人,比如下风向的一定范围、水源下游的居民等等,然后强制规定这些利益相关人中,必须有一定比例的人在环评阶段被征求意见。"该报道中,一位接近环保部的人士说。     

建立社区公众对话机制是解决环境问题的制度创新

以社区为基础的环境治理手段正在成为加强环境管理、保障公众环境权益的国际潮流,借鉴国际经验,本文从理论和实践两个层面对社区公众对话制度进行了分析。作为一项制度创新,社区公众对话制度可以化解矛盾、构建和谐,平衡     

环境影响评价公众参与中“公众”界定研究

界定"公众"是环境影响评价公众参与的首要问题。公众可定义为"以特定利益为特征的不特定主体"。特定利益指环境权益,不特定主体包括居民、企事业单位、组织等。对于不同类型的主体,其环评公众参与的方向与目的是不同的;对于同一类主体,在实际操作中应注意主体内部差异,制定有针对性的公众参与方案。     

英国环境影响评价制度演进对中国的启示

本研究采用文件分析和文献研究的方法对英国环评制度的历史演进进行剖析,并从环评产生背景与使用目的、制度基本特征、相关制度间衔接、制度演进方式、灵活多样性五个方面与中国进行了比较分析。研究建议,中国要把握生态文明建设契机推动环评制度改革,推动环评去审批化回归环评本质,构建内嵌式和结合式环评制度,推动环评制度与规划体系融合,完善反馈路径和机制,加强环评导则和指导文件编制。     

新形势下环评机构管理的思考

新环评机构管理办法的实施,打破了现有环评机构的管理模式,为行业整改发展带来了机遇与挑战。正确解读新办法推行的环评机构发展方向,才能为机构长远发展带来可能。环评机构对专业化与规模化的解读需要从制度与队伍建设两方面入手;环保部门需要重视环评审批过程与环评机构管理之间的联系,以诚信管理为手段,以推动环评机构提高质量为目标,促进环评市场规范完善,为行业良性发展打下基础。     

构筑看得见的责任底线

要一举扭转当下环境污染形势依旧严峻的态势、改变某些地方官员以“破窗效应”制造“污染政绩”的冲动、赋予环保部门履行职责、公众监督从无到有的切实可行权力,惟一的“路径依赖”就是制度建设,最终的目标落地就是构筑“看得见的责任底线”。白洋淀“死鱼事件”引发的4名官员接受行政处分,以及国家环保总局“市长成为环保第一责任人”的未来环保考核指向,都充分说明了这一点。在此前国务院发布的《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》中,中央赋予了环保部门更加强大的行政权力。所谓三大“杀手锏”:环境评价权、停产治理权、目…     

环境影响评价备案制的理论探讨

环境影响评价备案制来源于投资管理体系,与审批制存在明显差异,因存在法律障碍,在环境影响评价行政许可中存在不适用性,但备案制的精髓在于与部分建设项目的环评行政许可特点相契合,因此,可以将备案制的思想与做法应用于环评审批改革。可通过环保部门公布纳入备案管理项目范围和备案条件,建设单位提交备案材料,强化环境监管、强化政府部门间联动和提倡社会监督等措施予以控制和完善环境影响评价备案制。     

防范于源头 完善于末端——亦议《环境影响评价法》的贯彻执行

《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》已于2003年9月1日起施行,它不仅进一步完善了建设项目环境影响评价制度,还初步确立了我国的规划环境影响评价制度。2009年8月17日,国务院颁布了《规划环境影响评价条例》,进一步明确了规划环评的规定审查主体、审查程序及规划编制机关、审批机关、环保部门、社会公众等各方的权利义务,使规划编制、审批与规划环评之间的强制性制约机制更加健全有力。     

像对贫困宣战一样向污染宣战

正"我们要像对贫困宣战一样,坚决向污染宣战。"这是政府工作报告中铿锵的宣言,表达了强烈的政治意愿。污染是另一种"贫困"的表现。"雾霾天气范围扩大,环境污染矛盾突出,是大自然向粗放发展方式亮起的红灯。"而"重症污染"就是一种"严重贫困",只要抬头看天、低头看水即可把症状看得一清二楚。如果镜不见花、水不见月,这样的生活有什么意思?雾霾确实已经成为很多城市的标志性难题。今年     

如何抓住孩子让环保走进家庭

从家庭方面讲，关于环保知识人们又了解多少，观念上又重视多少呢？尤其是农村家庭。我采访了很多人，他们都觉得太忙，没有闲暇关心这些。谈到环保，人们表现的也很茫然，当然他们也知道沙尘暴、也知道水灾、台风和旱情，但成因就不得而知了。具体到人们的生活，什么节约水电、废物利用、垃圾的分类回收，农村人尤其是那些围着锅台转的主妇们，根本不明白为什么要这样做。因此，我认为，环保教育不在于向家庭普及些什么，如何普及才是最重要的！孩子，是纽带，是让环保走进家庭的一条有效途径。但是，让环保走进家庭，不能像布置语文作业，…     

Listening to local voices: Tuvaluans respond to climate change

Climate change has become a permanent feature on the global media scene and in the decision-making of policy makers. The voices of academics, scientists, politicians and commentators dominate the climate change debate, yet local knowledges and beliefs, local realities, as well as local voices and actions are essential elements of navigating the way forward. Drawing on Paton's postgraduate research, this paper broadens the current dialogue by providing a platform for grassroots Tuvaluan voices to enter the climate change debate. It explores their local realities, knowledges and beliefs, and captures what Tuvaluans hold dear – factors which must play a central role in decision-making processes. To ensure the local population is fully mobilised, it will be argued that processes for engaging local voices must build on existing forums for engagement.     

Degradation of oilwell cement due to exposure to carbonated brine

The growing interest in geologic carbon sequestration has highlighted the need for more data on how well cements react to CO₂ exposure. This paper describes a series of experiments that was conducted to examine the effects of flowing carbonated brine on well cements. Class H cement pastes were exposed to the ranges of temperature (20–50 °C) and pH (2.4–5) characteristic of geosequestration conditions at a depth of about 1 km. The exposed cements and the reactor effluents were analyzed using multiple techniques including optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, EPMA, and ICP-OES. The results showed that if the solution was pre-equilibrated with calcium carbonate, as would be expected in a limestone formation, there was no detectable attack. However, under the pH and temperature conditions to be expected in a sandstone formation, the initial rate of attack was on the order of millimeters per month. The outer layers of the cements reacted under sandstone-like conditions were fully degraded based on the results of the XRD and EPMA analyses. Inside the degraded layers there was a calcium carbonate-rich layer, a layer depleted of calcium hydroxide, and an unreacted cement core. The rate of degradation of the cement in these experiments was controlled by the rate of dissolution of the calcium carbonate-rich layer, after its formation, and diffusion through the fully degraded layers.     

Building a model of commitment to the natural environment to predict ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice

We examined the connection between individuals’ relationships with the natural environment and their environmental behaviors with a focus on commitment to the environment, defined as psychological attachment and long-term orientation to the natural world. Commitment is theorized to emerge from structural interdependence with the environment and to lead to pro-environmental behaviors. Close relationships research has identified three key antecedents to commitment (satisfaction, alternatives, and investments). We developed environment-specific measures of these constructs, and factor analysis verified three distinct factors. A path analysis revealed that satisfaction with the environment and investments in the environment, but not alternatives to the environment, predicted commitment to the environment. Moreover, commitment mediated the effects of satisfaction and investments on general ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice for the environment. In regression analyses, commitment predicted general ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice for the environment, even when controlling for ecological worldview, inclusion of nature in the self, connectedness to nature, and environmental identity. Individuals who are satisfied with and invested in the natural world are likely to be committed to the environment and act with the well-being of the environment in mind.