淀粉改性絮凝剂与PAC复合絮凝发制品废水性能研究:小试和中试

发制品在生产过程中产生大量废水,一般首先通过混凝/絮凝预处理去除废水中大部分悬浮胶体颗粒及少量可溶性物质.本研究中,设计并合成了两种含有强阳离子季铵盐基团的淀粉改性絮凝剂,分别是基团位于主链的3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵改性淀粉(St-CTA-DQ)和基团位于侧链的淀粉接枝聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(St-g-PDMC-DQ).将它们分别在小试和中试规模下与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合絮凝发制品废水,重点考察了复合絮凝中无机混凝剂与高分子絮凝剂的投加顺序与投加量等因素影响.实验室小试结果表明,先加PAC再加改性淀粉絮凝剂的絮凝工艺效果明显优于先加高分子絮凝剂再加PAC及两者同时加入的絮凝工艺;当与两种淀粉改性絮凝剂分别复合使用时,St-CTA-DQ与St-g-PDMC-DQ投加量分别为:10 mg·L~(-1)和20 mg·L~(-1),PAC的最佳投加量(90 mg·L~(-1))相比其单独使用(190 mg·L~(-1))下降一半以上;且复合絮凝对于浊度和UV_(254)的去除效果明显增强;形成的絮体尺寸更大,结构也更为密实;中试实验结果基本与小试一致.这是因为除了PAC电中和作用外,加入的阳离子高分子絮凝剂同时具有混凝和絮凝双重功能,能够进一步通过电中和与黏结架桥作用去除废水中污染物与初级絮体.同时还比较了上述两种阳离子淀粉改性絮凝剂不同结构对其絮凝性能影响,阳离子基团位于主链的St-CTA-DQ具有更佳的絮凝性能.淀粉改性絮凝剂与PAC复合使用在发制品废水处理中拥有良好的应用前景.     

聚合氯化铝与有机机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性及其絮凝作用

用流动电流技术研究了聚合氯化铝与不同类型有机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性。并用ζ电位分析仪结合混凝烧杯实验研究了不同碱化度（Ｂ）的ＰＡＣ与阳离子型有机高分子Ｃ１０９Ｐ复合絮凝剂的电中和水体颗粒物的能力与絮凝效能的关系。     

环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物和聚合氯化铝用于印染废水的处理

用不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和不同粘度(η)的环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物(EPI-DMA)以及PAC-EPI-DMA复合絮凝剂处理印染废水.考察了药品投量,投加方式对脱色效果的影响.探讨了PAC的B值及EPI-DMA的η值对PAC-EPI-DMA絮凝性能的影响.结果表明,PAC-EPI-DMA复合絮凝剂较PAC和EPI-DMA絮凝剂具有较低的投加量和较好的脱色效果;B=1.5,η=1600的PAC-EPI-DMA具有较好的脱色效果和COD去除率,当废水的pH=4-7时处理效果较好.     

应用微絮凝过滤的污水深度处理研究

本文就微絮凝过滤用于污水深度处理进行了研究.该工艺选用了陶粒一砂双层滤料滤池,絮凝剂选用了无机高分子絮凝剂PFC(投量20mg/L)和有机高分子絮凝剂(投量0.2mg/L);滤池的反冲洗用气一水·气一水三阶段反洗,效果良好.过滤实验的研究进行了直接过滤,单投PFC及PFC与PDM复配投加的微絮凝过滤三种方式.PFC与PDM复配对色度、COD、T—P有显著的去除效果.     

铝铁改性淀粉复合絮凝剂对甲基紫的絮凝机理

以模拟甲基紫染料废水为处理对象,通过测定絮凝R值、Zeta电位、脱色率与CODCr去除率,研究了自配铝铁改性淀粉复合絮凝剂(CAFS)的絮凝特性,初步探讨了其絮凝机理.结果表明,该复合絮凝剂为阳离子型高分子絮凝剂,絮凝初期作用机理趋于"吸附电中和",絮凝后期作用机理以"絮凝架桥"和"卷扫网捕"为主,絮凝性能受pH值影响显著.在pH=11.0,投加量为0.330 mg·L-1时,甲基紫处理效果最优,CODCr去除率达41.0%,色度去除率高达98.0%,其絮体形态密实、含水率低.     

聚合铝基复合絮凝剂脱色性能的初步研究

以不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)制备PAC-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂,研究絮凝剂处理分散染料的脱色效果．结果表明,PAC-PDMDAAC较PAC具有更好的脱色效果和较低的投加量;PAC的B值和PDM-DAAC质量分数(P％)、粘度(η)对PAC—PDMDAAC的脱色效果都有不同程度的影响．     

聚氯硫酸铝铁的制备及絮凝性能研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料制备聚氯硫酸铝铁(PAFCS)新型无机高分子絮凝剂,并对该絮凝剂的X-射线衍射图和透射电镜照片进行了分析;同时比较了该絮凝剂和聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝剂对模拟水样的净水效果,结果表明：该絮凝剂的除浊效果和沉降效果要优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)．     

红土复合聚合氯化铝以及三氯化铁去除水华藻类的研究

采用红土复合聚合氯化铝（PAC）以及三氯化铁（FeCl3）制得的复合絮凝剂对水样中的藻类絮凝沉降效果进行了研究。结果表明,与PAC复合FeCl3混凝剂不同,红土的加入可增加絮体的密实度,加快絮体沉降速度,沉淀后的絮体在微扰动下不再漂浮上升从而有效提高除藻效果。采用正交试验探讨了复合絮凝剂除藻的最优配比,用混凝剂（红土：PAC：FeCl3=50mg：8．75mg：17．5mg）处理水样,1h后水样浊度由22．35NTU降至1．85NTU,浊度去除率为91．72％。讨论了温度、pH值等因素对除藻效果的影响,并对除藻机理进行了初步的探讨。     

有机高分子絮凝剂在江苏内河淤泥中的降解研究

研究了有机高分子絮凝剂在江苏内河脱水淤泥中降解情况.以江苏2地区无锡古运河、吴江横草路内河泥样为代表,经过有机高分子絮凝剂聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺PDA(Poly-Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-Acrylamide)絮凝脱水后,以显微拍照、浊度和透过率为指标,考察淤泥样微量有机高分子絮凝剂的降解情况.在20 d时,古运河絮凝泥样1%质量分数的悬浮液透过率由77.8%减少为36.9%,浊度由32.8 NTU增加为117.4 NTU;横草路絮凝泥由90.9%减少为52.1%,浊度由15.45 NTU增加为94.2 NTU,两个地区的降解泥样浊度和透过率与各自原泥样的相应值都随降解时间的递增而趋向一致.同时采用显微拍照的方法观察淤泥的降解情况,20 d常温降解后絮凝淤泥重新以小颗粒状分散排布.实验结果表明:常温下存放20 d时,淤泥样中微量PDA已基本降解为小分子,降解后淤泥的物理状态和原泥趋近.     

壳聚糖絮凝剂对聚合氯化铝的助凝作用

以壳聚糖絮凝剂作为聚合氯化铝(PAC)的助凝剂,絮凝处理颐和园昆明湖湖水,考察了PAC在壳聚糖助凝作用下对浊度和有机物的去除效果,以及水中残留铝浓度的变化．结果表明,壳聚糖对PAC的助凝作用显著,PAC中加入壳聚糖絮凝剂后,浊度和有机物去除率均明显提高．     

多极涡流管式混合器的设计与混合效能

本文主要论述了依据絮凝动力学中涡旋理论设计的多极涡流管式混合器及其絮凝试验的研究结果，同时讨论了影响多极涡流管式混合器混合效能的管径及流量等因素，结果证实，该混合器适合于无机高分子絮凝剂的絮凝动力学反应特点，具有较高的工程推广和应用价值。     

浅谈高悬浮物废水处理研究中存在的不足

结合现场实践经验,指出了目前处理高悬浮物废水存在的悬浮物浓度与有机药剂用量不成比例等矛盾.通过分析混凝理论的研究历程,总结出高浓度范围下的絮凝作用机理为包裹机理,目前该机理仅处于定性描述阶段,对其进行定量描述具有重要意义;结合动力学发展过程,了解到以悬浮物浓度为研究对象的动力学模型较多,但特别针对高悬浮物范围下的絮凝动力学方程尚无人研究.并针对高悬浮物废水的处理,提出了今后重点研究方向.     

水和废水处理用复合高分子絮凝剂的研究进展

复合高分子絮凝剂是近年来人们关注的新型、高效水和废水处理用药剂.本文就近年来国内外无机.无机复合高分子絮凝剂、无机-有机复合高分子絮凝剂和微生物复合絮凝剂的研究进展进行了综述,分析了其存在的主要问题,提出了今后研究工作的建议.     

高浓度PASC复合混凝剂的混凝动力学研究

以铝酸钠为碱化剂,合成了具有不同 Si/Al摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝复合混凝剂(PASC),采用透光率脉动检测技术并结合混凝效能和Zeta电位的测定结果,对PASC以及聚合氯化铝(PAC)、参比PACref在混凝过程中絮集物形成和增长的变化差异作了对比研究.结果表明,混凝过程中,Zeta电位、剩余浊度以及混凝指数密切相关.采用铝酸钠为碱化剂合成并引入硅酸钠的混凝剂,有利于提高凝聚速度和絮集物颗粒大小.在Si/Al摩尔比为0.10时处理效果达到最佳.     

铁系混凝剂处理含聚合物油田污水的研究

本文探讨了含聚合物油田污水的组成、胶体结构,研究了铁系混凝剂处理该污水的条件和酸度对处理过程的影响。     

Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride

• Emerging titanium coagulation was high-efficient for algae-laden water treatment. • Polytitanium coagulation was capable for both algae and organic matter removal. • Surface water purification was improved by around 30% due to algae inclusion. • Algae functioned as flocculant aid to assist polytitanium coagulation. • Algae could enhance charge neutralization capability of polytitanium coagulant. Titanium-based coagulation has proved to be effective for algae-laden micro-polluted water purification processes. However, the influence of algae inclusion in surface water treatment by titanium coagulation is barely reported. This study reports the influence of both Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in surface water during polytitanium coagulation. Jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation performance using both algae-free (controlled) and algae-laden water samples, and floc properties were studied using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer for online monitoring. Results show that polytitanium coagulation can be highly effective in algae separation, removing up to 98% from surface water. Additionally, the presence of algae enhanced organic matter removal by up to 30% compared to controlled water containing only organic matter. Polytitanium coagulation achieved significant removal of fluorescent organic materials and organic matter with a wide range of molecular weight distribution (693–4945 Da) even in the presence of algae species in surface water. The presence of algae cells and/or algal organic matter is likely to function as an additional coagulant or flocculation aid, assisting polytitanium coagulation through adsorption and bridging effects. Although the dominant coagulation mechanisms with polytitanium coagulant were influenced by the coagulant dosage and initial solution pH, algae species in surface water could enhance the charge neutralization capability of the polytitanium coagulant. Algae-rich flocs were also more prone to breakage with strength factors approximately 10% lower than those of algae-free flocs. Loose structure of the flocs will require careful handling of the flocs during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration processes.     

铁盐类无机有机复合絮凝剂的水解特性及脱色效能

研究氯化铁(FeCl3)-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)和聚合氯化铁(PFC)-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)复合絮凝剂的水解历程、水解产物的特性和电荷特性,考察絮凝剂的水解对脱色效果的影响.结果表明,复合絮凝剂与FeCl3和PFC相比,具有水解速度快,水解稳定期长,表面电荷高,pH适用范围广的特点.     

Optimization and modeling of coagulation-flocculation to remove algae and organic matter from surface water by response surface methodology

Charge neutralization and sweep flocculation were the major mechanisms. Effect of process parameters was investigated. Optimal coagulation conditions were studied by response surface methodology. ANN models presented more robust and accurate prediction than RSM. Seasonal algal blooms of Lake Yangcheng highlight the necessity to develop an effective and optimal water treatment process to enhance the removal of algae and dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the present study, the coagulation performance for the removal of algae, turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄) was investigated systematically by central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM). The regression models were developed to illustrate the relationships between coagulation performance and experimental variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test the significance of the response surface models. It can be concluded that the major mechanisms of coagulation to remove algae and DOM were charge neutralization and sweep flocculation at a pH range of 4.66–6.34. The optimal coagulation conditions with coagulant dosage of 7.57 mg Al/L, pH of 5.42 and initial algal cell density of 3.83 × 10⁶ cell/mL led to removal of 96.76%, 97.64%, 40.23% and 30.12% in term of cell density, turbidity, DOC and UV₂₅₄ absorbance, respectively, which were in good agreement with the validation experimental results. A comparison between the modeling results derived through both ANOVA and artificial neural networks (ANN) based on experimental data showed a high correlation coefficient, which indicated that the models were significant and fitted well with experimental results. The results proposed a valuable reference for the treatment of algae-laden surface water in practical application by the optimal coagulation-flocculation process.     

给水气浮工艺浮渣絮凝调理的最佳条件

针对给水气浮浮渣,选用阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)以及聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(HCA)作絮凝剂,调理后进行离心脱水试验,研究絮凝调理的最佳条件。试验结果表明低pH值有利于4种絮凝剂对浮渣离心脱水性能的改善;对于4种絮凝剂,都存在着一个最佳絮凝条件,其中阴离子型和非离子型PAM的最佳絮凝条件较阳离子型PAM和HCA需要更高的混合和反应转速以及更长的混合和反应时间。