论旅游商品的知识产权保护

界定了旅游商品的范围和知识产权的定义。在旅游业发展的现状和现有的法律框架内,阐述了与旅游商品相关的知识产权法知识。用问卷调查和案例评析的方法,分析了我国目前旅游商品存在的问题,论述了知识产权保护对旅游商品开发创新的重要性,提出了旅游商品知识产权保护的思路。     

环保进行曲

在浩瀚无垠的宇宙 有一个美丽的地方 那就是人类的母亲--地球 我们的母亲有: 蔚蓝的天空 广阔的原野 茂密的森林 清澈的河流     

如果我是一只鸟

抬起头看灰蒙蒙的天空,浓厚的尘埃遮蔽了洁白的云彩。听说,在遥远的太古时代,天空也经常是灰蒙蒙的,可那是因为成群的飞鸟,阻挡了太阳的光线。而现在,寥寥无几的鸟儿,偶尔飞过天空,也是在急切的寻找巢穴。如果我是一只鸟,看到不再纯洁的天空,我会流下悲伤的眼泪。那曾经是我们天然的乐园,我和兄弟姐妹们在那里游荡嬉闹,有时会追着轻飘飘的云彩飞出好远,回来的     

旅游景区解说设施研究

为了更好地促进旅游信息的传播与交流、旅游地形象的宣传、旅游学术思想的交流与共享、旅游产品的促销、旅游服务的完善与提高等,对旅游景区解说设施的功能、类型、解说效果、相关因素、流程进行了深入研究,提出了旅游景区解说设施的4个功能、2大类型,比较分析了各类型旅游解说设施的解说效果、解说设施及其相关要素的循环关系,以及旅游景区解说设施的规划流程。     

旅游景区管理模式选择研究——基于景区资源产权关系

景区资源管理的责任是“保护”和“展示”辅之以“利用”,清晰界定各产权权能的主体以及各主体的责、权、利,有利于管理责任的实现,也有利于克服目前景区管理的无序状态。强调在进行各主体的权、利界定时应建立各主体配套的责任机制的重要性。景区资源的产权主要是所有权、管理权、经营权和监督权等。根据景区资源与旅游活动的特征,进一步提出了有助于管理责任实现的“基础管理权”和“经营管理权”相分离的主张,进一步完善了景区产权理论。     

“绿色”将消失的颜色

绿色,代表希望,我们生活在美丽的大自然中,我爱绿色,爱那高大的绿色,爱那温柔的绿草,向往广阔无边的绿色草原,有活泼的小鹿与清澈的小溪陪伴。我的思绪渐渐的来到了几万年前的原始丛林中,四周静静的,不时有着绿叶伴随着清风掠"呼啦"的过我的头顶。我慢慢的闭上了眼睛,静静地听,仿佛是一位音乐家演奏着美妙的乐曲。伴随着青草与露珠的芳香,我深深的,深深的陶醉了,醉了……"嘟……!"一阵汽车喇叭声把我从人间仙境拉回了人间"地狱"。我拍了一下脑袋,定了定神,爬起床,眼前的日历:2022年1月17日。"嘟……嘟嘟……!"又是一阵刺耳的喇叭声传入耳朵。我厌恶     

国产故事片中的绿色觉醒

《可可西里》讲述了在残酷的自然环境中,人们保护藏羚羊的情节;而在《河长》电影中,"如果群众连干净的水都喝不上,我们赚那么多的钱干什么?"的台词,触及了更多人的内心深处。在国内的环保题材电影中,导演冯小宁1990年拍摄的《大气层消失》、2007年《青藏线》,导演陆川2004年拍摄的《可可西里》,导演张鑫拍摄的《河长》,留给观众的印象特别深刻,尤其是电影《可可西里》对人与自然、生命的思考,《河长》对"要GDP"还是"要环境"的诠释,震撼心灵。     

论文化意象的翻译

文化意象是一种文化符号,承载着独特、广阔、深沉的文化内涵,不同民族的文化差异导致的文化意象的空缺与错位往往使译者处于两难的境地.本文阐述了翻译文化意象应遵循的首要原则,即采取异化的方法直接移植原文文化意象.但这一原则的使用又必须受到译文读者审美意识的制约.     

放牧白鹭(外一篇)

正这是个空气湿润又异常清新的早晨。天空点缀了云彩,四山装扮成了一派翠绿的景象,轻微的风带来了一阵阵凉爽芬芳的气息。我来到郊外,沿着河堤漫步,畅饮山地新鲜的空气,感受五月美丽的景致。那条枯瘦的河流,因连日的下雨,变得波涛汹涌裹着泥沙轰轰然而去。此时,太阳从积云里照射出耀眼又温暖的光芒。虽然是夏日,莫获山的山顶,在昨晚降下了一场纷纷扬扬的白雪。在晨光映照下,那里的积雪耀眼夺目。有人     

游离于是非之间的未知数——转基因食品福兮?祸兮?

一般公众对于“转基因食品”这个新鲜事物常常受各种信息的误导,从盲目乐观到一味排斥,在两个极端之间非此即彼的跳跃。民意调查显示,多数人对转基因食品知之甚少,但有潜在的不信任态度。所以需要给予非专业人士以必要的信息和咨询,以科学的态度对待转基因,而不是带有感情色彩。     

高校党政办公室工作的创新与实践

党政办公室在高校的发展与建设中承担着组织、协调、服务、督办等重要的职能与作用.面对新形势、新任务、新要求,党政办公室要跟上时代的步伐,就必须不断开拓进取,建立一种新的、现代的、更加先进的工作理念、工作方式、工作机制,充分调动工作人员的创造性和积极性,提高高校党政办公室工作的效率,建设一流部门,争创一流业绩.     

Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific

The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Urban ecological systems: scientific foundations and a decade of progress

Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs.     

Environmental protection, the economy, and jobs: national and regional analyses

The relationship between environmental protection (EP), the economy, and jobs has been an issue of harsh contention for decades. Does EP harm the economy and destroy jobs or facilitate economic growth and create jobs? We address this issue by summarizing the results of the Jobs and the Environment Initiative, research funded by nonprofit foundations to quantify the relationship between EP, the economy, and jobs. We estimate the size of the US environmental industry and the numbers of environment-related jobs at the national level and in the states of Florida, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, and Wisconsin. This is the first time that such comprehensive, detailed estimates have been developed.     

Evaluating cumulative effects of disturbance on the hydrologic function of bogs,fens, and mires

Few quantitative studies have been done on the hydrology of fens, bogs, and mires. Consequently predicting the cumulative impacts of disturbances on their hydrologic functions is extremely difficult. For example, few data are available on the role of bogs and fens with respect to flood desynchronization and shoreline anchoring. However, recent studies suggest that very small amounts of groundwater discharge are sufficient to radically modify mire surface-water chemistry, and consequently, vegetation communities and their associated surface-water hydrology. Bogs and fens are, in a sense, hydrobiologic systems, and any evaluation of cumulative impacts will have to (1) consider the complicated and little understood interactions among wetland hydrology, water chemistry, and biota, and (2) place the effect of individual wetland impacts within the context of the cumulative impacts contributed to the watershed from other geomorphic areas and land uses.It is difficult to evaluate the potential cumulative impacts on wetland hydrology because geologic settings of wetlands are often complex and the methods used to measure wetland streamflow, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration are inexact (Winter 1988). This is especially so for bogs, fens, and mires underlain by thick organic soils. These wetlands, found in the circumboreal areas of North America, Europe, and Asia, are major physiographic features in eastern North America, northern Europe, and Siberia (Kivenen and Pakarinen 1981, Gore 1983, Glaser and Janssens 1986). Their very scale makes it difficult to quantify the hydrologic function accurately. The hydrology of small bogs and fens found elsewhere is just as poorly understood because of conflicting conceptual models of pertinent hydrologic processes.This article (1) reviews our current understanding of the hydrologic function of bogs, fens, and mires at different scales and in different physiographic settings and (2) presents hypotheses on potential cumulative impacts on the hydrologic function that might occur with multiple disturbances.     

基于产品生命周期的环境管理

原料从开采、加工、再加工等生产过程到形成最终产品,又经过贮运、销售、消费、使用等过程,直至报废、回收和最终处置等生命周期带来不少环境问题。通过基于产品生命周期的设计、生产、流通、服役、退役等不同阶段,分别采用绿色设计、环境友好生产、生态标志认证、减少流通环节、绿色采购与消费、延伸生产者责任、建立回收与处置体系等环境管理模式,以减少甚至避免环境污染,为企业、管理部门、公众对产品全过程的环境管理提供系统认识和综合管理。     

Yield and quality of charcoals from olive mill residues and its stone and pulp fractions: An enhanced comparative study

Pyrolysis is a promising way to upgrade large amounts of residues from olive oil processing into charcoal. Pyrolysis of the stone and pulp fractions needed to be investigated before conclusions could be drawn. We subjected the olive stone fraction, the pulp fraction, and a mixture of the two to dynamic pyrolysis and isothermal pyrolysis at 360°C. We characterized the charcoals resulting from isothermal pyrolysis at 360°C for different durations in terms of the fixed-carbon content (FCC), carbon content (CC), and high heating value (HHV). We found that charcoal yield from the pulp was higher than that from the stones, which were 38.1% and 32.9%, respectively, after pyrolysis for 360 min. This seemingly unexpected result was due to the high contents of ash (6.22%) and extractives (13%) in the pulp, which remained completely and partially undecomposed, respectively, in the charcoals and are accounted for when calculating yields. However, charcoals obtained from the stones were of higher quality than charcoals from the pulp, with lower ash content and higher FCC, CC, and HHV. In particular, the FCC, CC, and HHV after pyrolysis for 360 min were 73.2%, 74.4%, and 30.2 MJ/kg for the stones and only 61.8%, 63.2%, and 25.9 MJ/kg for the pulp, respectively. Depending on the required quality of the final charcoal, our results help decide whether to pyrolyse the entire olive residues or only one of the two fractions, more likely the stones.     

底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究

氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化 ,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏.本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状.总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想.本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论.目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素.     

A review of recent substance flow analyses of phosphorus to identify priority management areas at different geographical scales

The dwindling global reserves of extractable phosphorus (P) and its growing demand to produce the required food for a burgeoning global population (the global P crisis) necessitate the sustainable use of this crucial resource. To advert the crisis requires informed policy decisions which can only be obtained by a better understanding of the nature and magnitude of P flow through different systems at different geographical scales. Through a systematic and in-depth review of twenty one recent substance flow analyses of P, we have assessed the key P inflows, outflows, stocks, internal flows, and recycling flows at the city, regional, and country scales. The assessment has revealed, the main inflow and outflow of P at the city scale occurs through food and wastewater respectively, while the main stock of P occurs in landfill. At the regional scale, mineral ore is the main P inflow and chemical P fertilizer is the main outflow particularly in the regions that have P fertilizer production sector. In contrast, either chemical P fertilizer or animal feed is the key inflow and either food and agricultural products or soil losses (erosion, runoff, and/or leaching) is the major outflow especially in the regions without P fertilizer production sector. At the country scale, the key P inflow occurs either through mineral ore or chemical P fertilizer and the key outflow takes place either as food and agricultural products, waste (both solid and liquid), or soil losses (erosion, runoff, and/or leaching). The main stock of P both at the regional and country scales occurs in the soil of the agricultural production sector. As identified in this assessment, the key unproductive outflows and stocks at different geographical scales indicate that there is a potential scope to improve P management through the increased P recovery and recycling, and by the utilization of available soil P stocks. In many of the studies at all the geographical scales, P recycling flow has been found to be less than 20% of the total inflow, and even in some studies at the country scale, P recycling has been found to be entirely absent, which is a clear indication of poor P management. This study has also identified, there is a clear knowledge gap in relation to understanding the P flow over multiple years at the regional scale. The information about the key flows and stocks at different geographical scales as we identified can be utilized to make better P policy and management decisions for a city, region, or country. The information can also be used to guide future research that aims to analyze P flow at the city, regional, and country scales.     

污泥堆肥技术现状及应用中需注意的问题

阐述了堆肥技术背景与基本原理。通过对国内示范项目运行情况的研究分析,提出了堆肥处理处置中应注意的工艺选择、处理规模、通风除臭、自动化与可靠性、减量化与稳定化,以及重金属、POPs、经营风险等问题。分析了堆肥处理处置全过程的经济成本,得出了该技术的参考运行成本;给出了该技术的适用条件和发展趋势。