A critical analysis of environmental evolutionin the loess-plateau area

Ａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｅｓｓ－ｐｌａｔｅａｕａｒｅａＬｕＺｈｏｎｇｃｈｅｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ...     

Estimation of the radionuclide distribution in sediment in coast area

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒａｄｉｏｎｕｃｌｉｄｅｓｉｎｌｏｗ ｌｅｖｅｌｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｌｉｑｕｉｄｗａｓｔｅ (ＬＬＷ)ｆｒｏｍｃｏａｓｔａｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓｏｒｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｗｅｒｐｌａｎｔｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｄｉｌｕｔｅｄ ,ｄｉｆｆｕｓｅｄａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｒｅａ .Ａｎｄｔｈｅｙｗｉｌｌａｌｓｏｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ.Ｈｏｗｔｏｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｒａｄｉｏｎｕｃｌｉｄｅｓｉｓａｖｅｒ…     

Acoustical environment of urban area related to the city development

ＡｃｏｕｓｔｉｃａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＬｉｕＸｉａｏｔｕＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ，ＳｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１０...     

Ecological planning of land use in the central area of Tianjin,China

ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｏｆｌａｎｄｕｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｒｅａｏｆＴｉａｎｊｉｎ，Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＬｕＹｏｎｇｌｏｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅ...     

Effect of the air pollution on atmospheric visibility in Beijing-Tianjin area

Simultaneous measurements of air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric visibility were made in Beijing and Tianjin areas in 1983-1985. The relationship between air pollution and visibility was studied. It was found that atmospheric particulates have the most high contribution to visibility decreasing. The percentages of contributions of sulfates and soot are 52-58% and 22-29% respectively. According to the results, we suggest that the emission of SO2 and particulates must be controlled in order to improve the atmospheric visibility.     

Elaborations of the influencing factors on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols in a heavily polluted urban area of China

In this study, online water-soluble inorganic ions were detected to deduce the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosol in Xianyang, China during wintertime. The dominant inorganic ions of sulfate(SO₄^2-), nitrate(NO₃^-), and ammonium(NH₄⁺)(the sum of those is abbreviated as SNA) accounted for 17%, 21%, and 12% of PM_2.5mass, respectively.While the air quality deteriorated from excellent to poor grades, the precu...     

Acoustical environment of urban area related to the city development

The relationship between urban development and noise pollution was analyzed. The analysis, based on a wide range of measurements and statistical data,revealed the changes of the ambient noise resulting from city development. In conclusion, some fundamental measures for improving the acoustical environment were suggested, such as the division of cities into functional areas and the development of a well designed road network. In addition, the town planning, architecture and the implementation of appropriate regulations could also help to reduce noise levels was suggested as well.     

Research on organic matters in the drinking water of Kaschin-Beck disease area

Organic matters in drinking water of Kaschin-Beck disease areas were extracted. Then analyses and characterization were performed by means of multiply chemical and physical methods. The results did not show the obvious difference in the frame structure of humic substances and the structure of rmcromolecular compounds in the drinking water of disease and non-disease areas, but the difference in the contents of some micromolecular compounds and radicals. The investigation also includes the preliminary research on the photoreaction of drinking water from disease and non-disease areas and the accumulation of natural organic matter in the bone of tested animals.     

Soil erosion types in the loess hill and gully area of China

ＳｏｉｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎｔｙｐｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｅｓｓｈｉｌｌａｎｄｇｕｌｌｙａｒｅａｏｆＣｈｉｎａＦｕＢｏｊｉｅ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｅｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｅｉｅｎｃｅ...     

Characterization of aerosols in the Kashima area—A summary of IPCAJ Kashima SPM study

The Industrial Pollution Control Association of Japan (IPCAJ) has carried out a 3-year study in order to promote an understanding of the behavior of suspended particulate matter, to identify the contributing sources and to estimate their contributions. In this study many monitoring stations were set up around the Kashima industrial area. Atmospheric aerosols were collected for 2 weeks in each of the four seasons of 1983. The chemical compositions of the aerosols were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis and so on.The results of the study showed that soil particles comprise the highest component, while sulfate and other secondary particles are higher in the spring ans summer. In the spring and fall when sea breezes are dominant, sea salt has been found to have a higher concentration, especially at sites near the shore.Following the above-mentioned information a source apportionment study was conducted using the chemical mass balance method. Results have shown that the contributions of soil and sea salt are greater than the contributions from industrial sources for the Kashima area.     

Chemical processes of acid mine drainage in the aquatic system of c opper mine area

The chemical reactions that occurred in Dawn River were studied by simulated experiments in laboratory．According to the analyses of samples and simulated experiments，the chemical transformation and the distribution of metal pollutants in the river were then discussed．     

Determination of atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons in Beijing area

Gas chromatography with ambient temperature injection and frozen-trapped techniques was used to determine the atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons over Beijing. Halogenated compounds such as CFC-11, CFC-12, CHCl_3, CCl_4, CH_3CCl_3, CHCl =CCl_2, and CCl_2=CCl_2 were measured and their concentrations are 109±8, 234±13, 47±22, 97±24, 88±29, 11±1 and 17±3 (pptv), respectively.     

Random walk modeling of wake dispersion for the exhaust tower of an underground tunnel in urban area

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ，ｓｏｍｅｉｎｓｔａｌｌａｔｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｓｐｅｃｉａｌｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｎｇｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｎｔｇａｓ，ｓｕｃｈａｓａｎｅｘｈａｕｓｔｔｏｗｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄｔｕｎｎｅｌ，ｅｔｃ．ｗｅｒｅｓｅｔｕｐｉｎｕｒｂａｎａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｃｏｍｐｌｅｘａｒｅａｓ．Ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅｆｌｏｗａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｂｙｏｎｔｈｅｌｏｃａｌｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆｔ…     

Heavy metal pollution of aquatic sediments in the Le An River-P oyang Lake area

The sediment quality mapping of Cu．Zn．Pb and Cd in the<20μm fraction of surface sedi．ments ofthe Le An River·Poyang Lake area clearly proves that the mining activities ofDexing Copper Mine and nearby smaller Pb—Zn mines have already polluted the aquatic system to some extent．Although poilution indices of the Poyang Lake sediments are still close to background values，first results from sediment cores point to a definite trend of gradually increasing contamination．     

Study on the damage of the “91.7” rainstorm in Sihudrainage area with remote sensing application technique

Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｄａｍａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅ“９１．７”ｒａｉｎｓｔｏｒｍｉｎＳｉｈｕｄｒａｉｎａｇｅａｒｅａｗｉｔｈｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅＹｕＧｕａｎｇｍｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,...     

The characters for the boundary layer and mechanism of acid rain formation in the Qingdao area,China

ＴｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｌａｙｅｒａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆａｃｉｄｒａｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＱｉｎｇｄａｏａｒｅａ，ＣｈｉｎａＬｉｕＢａｏｚｈａｎｇ，ＬｉＪｉｎｌｏｎｇｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａ...     

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｅｔｌａｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｅｓｔｂｉｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｒｅａｓｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈ .Ｂｉｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｆｏｕｒｌｅｖｅｌｓ:ｈｅｒｅｄｉｔｙｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ .Ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｃｅｒｔａｉｎａｎｇｌｅｓ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｄｉｖｅｒ…     

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper. It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance,and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.     

Seasonal variation and health risk assessment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in the urban area of Xi＇an

利用大流量主动采样器于2008年8月至2009年7月采集了西安城区大气样品,研究了大气中多环芳烃（PAHs）的季节变化特征.结果表明,西安大气中16种美国EPA优控的PAHs（∑PAHs）气固两相总浓度为37～620ng·m-3（年平均为195ng·m-3）,具有明显的季节差异,依次为夏季（74ng·m-3）〈春季（106ng·m-3）〈秋季（213ng·m-3）〈冬季（360ng·m-3）.气态PAHs以3～4环为主,颗粒态PAHs以5～6环为主.分子组成表明西安大气PAHs主要来自于燃煤和机动车尾气及生物质燃烧的复合源.应用BaP毒性当量因子及健康风险评价模型对西安城区成人和儿童进行PAHs健康风险评价,结果显示成人和儿童的日均暴露剂量分别为24.3×10-6mg·kg-·1d-1和5.6×10-6mg·kg-·1d-1,终身致癌超额危险度分别为7.5×10-5和1.7×10-5,可能造成成人和儿童的预期寿命损失分别约为467.6min和107.5min.     

Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment： Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China

A study was carried out at the Loess Plateau in Dongzhi,China,to test the feasibility of using secondary treatment sewage effluent and to determine whether the water quality would then meet the recommended irrigation norm.Seven crops,including celery,wheat, maize,millet,apples,rapeseed and yellow beans,were tested in the study.Physical and chemical properties of the soil,crop yield and quality and leachate at different soil depths were measured.In most cases,the quality of the crops that made use of treated sewage was not distinctively different from those that did not use treated sewage.However,yields for the former were much higher than they were for the latter.Leachates at different soil depths were analyzed and the results did not show alarming levels of constituents.For a period of approximately 14 months,the treated sewage irrigation had no significant effect on the loess soil and no cases of illness resulting from contact with the treated sewage were reported.With treated sewage irrigation,a slight increase in the organic content of the soil was observed.