用数控电子——液压振动台

本文简述运输环境和试验条件的制订对模拟运输试验的各种方法作了简单评述,尤其是对利用电子－－液压振动台对大型整体产品在悬臂梁状态的试验作了介绍。最后说明一种能模拟带有高峰值随机振动的试验技术,以改进现有数控设备的不足。     

液压振动台功率谱复现控制研究

PID控制因为结构简单、稳定性好、可靠性高等优点被广泛应用。针对实际控制系统往往存在非线性因素,常规PID不能满足实际需求,设计了基H1法频响函数估计的变参数PID控制算法。通过对两点激励液压振动试验系统进行随机振动试验,表明H1法变参数PID控制算法对振动台具有良好的控制效果,可以实现高精度的功率谱复现。     

土工离心机及振动台发展综述

土工离心机是土力学研究与岩土离心模型试验的重要设备.本文概述了土工离心机工作原理和国内外应用现状,并对离心振动台进行了介绍,最后对土工离心机的发展趋势作了展望.     

用数控电子─液压振动台模拟整体大件产品的公路运输试验

本文简述运输环境和试验条件的制订。对模拟运输试验的各种方法作了简单评述 ,尤其是对利用电子─液压振动台对大型整体产品在悬臂梁状态的试验作了介绍。最后说明一种能模拟带有高峰值随机振动的试验技术 ,以改进现有数控设备的不足。     

综合环境试验设备中气侯箱与振动台的接口设计研究

本文介绍气候箱与振动台的一种复合型膜、连接件与绝热垫组合式接口。试验表明,此种接口对箱内温度的影响小,传递振动的效果好,附加失真不大。 自从气候环境与机械环境综合的环境试验设备问世以来,气候箱与振动台接口设计就十分引人注目,有的甚至获得了美国专利。气候箱与振动台接口设计研究是开发综合环境试验设备过程中的“必经之路”。我们在研究了美国Thermotron、日本TABAI、西德Heraeus Votsch和英国PERN等公司综合环境试验设备的基础上,运用结构设计与热设计的经验,设计制作了富有特色的气候箱与振动台接口—复合型膜、连接件与绝热垫的组合式结构,取得了令人满意的效果。具有结构简单、性能优良、经济合理的优点,为填补我国综合环境试验设备的空白准备了条件。     

大型防水试验设备的优化设计及研制

介绍了可满足GJB 150及MIL-STD-810F等军用标准的大型防水试验设备的设计要求以及试验设备的主要组成。重点分析了出水喷嘴的优化设计、喷嘴点阵的空间布置和试验用水循环系统流程设计等,提出了喷嘴压力实时测量、试验台自动升降等动态闭环控制方法。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

水下振动台关键技术的研究

本文从理论和实践两方面分析研究了水下振动台的若干关键技术问题,主要包括运动部件的设计、冷却系统的设计、密封系统的设计、压力平衡系统的设计等。解决了水下振动台设计所存在的难题。     

关于环境试验设备期间核查方法的探讨

环境试验设备期间核查是内部质量控制的重要方式之一,可有效掌握在设备在2次校准/检定周期内的置信度,本文针对不同的环境试验设备,运用不同的方法,建立环境设备核查系统,明确依据、方法及判据等。分析各种方法的利弊,为各实验室的设备核查提供参考或依据。     

基于两级拓扑优化的振动台扩展台面设计与试验验证

根据拓扑优化基本原理,利用OptiStruct进行振动台扩展台面的结构最优化设计,通过两级拓扑优化完成结构的拓扑寻优。首先利用整体级拓扑优化,找到结构的整体最佳构造。然后利用局部级拓扑优化,对局部结构进行拓扑寻优,最终完成产品的结构设计。试验结果与仿真结果对比表明,误差在5%以内,表明方法的有效性和实用性。     

电动振动设备的发展及展望

电动振动设备是振动试验中运用的最广泛的振动设备.电动振动设备包括电动振动台和电动激振器等,以电动振动台为例,系统分析了电动振动设备的主要结构和工作原理等.并对在发达国家应用较多的多轴多自由度振动台作了简要分析.展望了电动振动设备的发展.     

利用EXCEL进行污水管道水力计算

EXCEL是一款非常优秀的办公自动化软件，其数字处理能力非常强大。通过推导出污水管道水力计算公式，介绍并利用EXCEL内部函数编写计算公式的程序和具体的计算方法。与手工计算的方法相比，该方法操作简单，计算结果快速、准确，非常适应于工程设计。     

汽车电子装置相关振动试验分析

本文针对汽车振动环境的特殊性,分析了其对汽车电子装置的主要影响;进一步介绍了几种主要的振动试验方法,并结合汽车电子装置相关标准对振动试验进行了探讨.     

振动试验方法的研究及发展趋势

随着现代工业和国防事业的不断发展,振动试验从上世纪出现开始到现在得到了长足的发展,在许多行业得到了广泛的应用.本文综述了振动试验方法,重点分析了多轴多自由度的试验方法,并对振动试验方法发展趋势做了预测.     

基于单片机控制的耐潮试验装置设计方案

GB19518.1-2004/IEC62086-1:2001<爆炸性气体环境用电气设备电阻式伴热器>中规定的伴热电缆耐潮试验过程繁琐、单个试验周期短但总试验时间长、对时间要求精确,同时需要多个电磁阀(负责控制进水、出水、为伴热电缆供电)、数码管等装置密切配合,对控制精度及系统可靠性要求较高.基于传统的凸轮开关设计的此试验装置结构复杂、调试困难、稳定性差而且时间精度低.而基于单片机控制的耐潮试验装置设计过程简单、调试方便、时间精度高、功能强大且性能稳定.     

Development of Regional Curves for Hydrologic Landscape Regions (HLR) in the Contiguous United States

Regional curves relate drainage area to the bankfull channel characteristics discharge, cross‐sectional area, width, and mean depth. These curves are used for a variety of purposes, including aiding in the field identification of bankfull elevation and in the natural channel design process. When developing regional curves, the degree to which landform, geology, climate, and vegetation influence stream systems within a single physiographic province may not be fully considered. This study examined the use of the U.S. Geological Survey's Hydrologic Landscape Regions (HLR), as well as data from 2,856 independent sites throughout the contiguous United States (U.S.), to develop a set of regional curves (bankfull discharge, cross‐sectional area, width, and mean depth) for (1) the contiguous U.S., (2) each of the 20 HLRs, (3) each of the eight physiographic divisions, (4) 22 of the 25 physiographic provinces, and (5) individual HLRs within the physiographic provinces. These regional curves were then compared to each other, as well as those from the literature. Regional curves developed for individual HLRs, physiographic divisions, and physiographic provinces tended to outperform the contiguous U.S. indicating increased stratification was beneficial. Further stratifying physiographic provinces by HLR markedly improved regional curve reliability. Use of HLR as a basis of regional curve development, rather than physiographic region alone, may allow for the development of more robust regional curves.     

Eco‐hydraulic Evaluation of a Whitewater Park as a Fish Passage Barrier

Whitewater parks (WWPs) typically consist of instream structures that enhance recreational boating by constricting flow into a steep chute that generates a hydraulic jump in a downstream pool. Concerns have been raised that high velocities resulting from WWPs may be inhibiting fish movement during critical life stages. We evaluated the effects of WWPs on upstream fish passage by concurrently monitoring fish movement and hydraulic conditions at three WWP structures and three adjacent natural control (CR) sites in a wadeable river in northern Colorado. Fish movement was tracked with a network of Passive Integrated Transponder antennas over a 14‐month period. Individual fishes (n = 1,639), including brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were tagged and released within WWP and CR sites. Detailed hydraulic conditions occurring during the study period were evaluated with a fully 3D model. Results reveal the WWPs monitored in this study are not a complete barrier to upstream salmonid movement, but differences in passage efficiency from release location range from 29 to 44% in WWP sites and 37 to 63% for CR sites and the suppression of movement is related to body length. Small numbers of monitored nonsalmonids were inadequate to directly observe effects on their movement; however, it is highly probable that movement of smaller native fishes is also suppressed. Hydraulic modeling helps in the design of WWP structures that protect fish passage.     

The impact of storm events on a riverbed system and its hydraulic conductivity at a site of induced infiltration

The spatial and temporal variability of riverbed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K(v)) was investigated at a site of induced infiltration, associated with a municipal well field, to assess the impact of high-stage events on scour and subsequently the riverbed K(v). Such impacts are important when considering the potential loss of riverbank filtration capacity due to storm events. The study site, in and along the Great Miami River in southwest Ohio, overlaid a highly productive glacial-outwash aquifer. A three-layer model for this system was conceptualized: a top layer of transient sediment, a second layer comprising large sediment resistant to scour, but clogged with finer sediment (the armor/colmation layer), and a third layer that was transitional to the underlying higher-K(v) aquifer. One location was studied in detail to confirm and quantify the conceptual model. Methods included seepage meters, heat-flow modeling, grain-size analyses, laboratory permeameter tests, slug tests and the use of scour chains and pressure-load cells to directly measure the amount of sediment scour and re-deposition. Seepage meter measured riverbed K(v) ranged from 0.017 to 1.7 m/d with a geometric mean of 0.19 m/d. Heat-transport model-calibrated estimates were even lower, ranging from 0.0061 to 0.046 m/d with a mean of 0.017 m/d. The relatively low K(v) was indicative of the clogged armor layer. In contrast, slug tests in the underlying riverbed sediment yielded K(v) values an order of magnitude greater. There was a linear relationship between scour chain measured scour and event intensity with a maximum scour of only 0.098 m. Load-cell pressure sensor data over a 7-month period indicated a total sediment-height fluctuation of 0.42 m and a maximum storm-event scour of 0.28 m. Scour data indicated that the assumed armor/colmation layer almost always remained intact. Based on measured layer conductivities and thicknesses, the overall K(v) of this conceptualized system was 1.6 m/d. Sensitivity analyses indicated that even complete scour of the armor/colmation layer would likely increase the overall K(v) only by a factor of 1.5. Most scour events observed removed only the transient sediment, having very little effect on the entire system indicating low risk of losing filtration capacity during storms. The research, however, focused on the point bar, depositional side of the river. More research of the entire river profile is necessary.     

Development and testing of AZEP reactor components

The advanced zero emissions power plant (AZEP) project addresses the development of a novel “zero emissions,” gas turbine-based, power generation process to reduce local and global CO₂ emissions in a cost-effective way.The key element in AZEP is an integrated MCM-reactor, in which (a) O₂ is separated from air by means of a mixed-conducting membrane (MCM), (b) combustion of natural gas occurs in an N₂-free environment and (c) the heat of combustion is transferred to air by heat exchange.This paper focuses on the development and testing of the ceramic components of the MCM-reactor (air separation membrane and heat exchangers). For compactness and manufacturability, a module design based on extruded square channel monoliths has been chosen. The manifold design enables gas distribution in a checkerboard pattern. Modules with contact area of >500 m²/m³ have been produced.Results from testing of the modules under close to realistic process conditions agree with model predictions. Extrapolation to AZEP process conditions gives an oxygen production rate of around 37 mol O₂/(m³ s), or 15 MW/m³ power density (per net MCM volume). These values correspond to project targets and confirm the feasibility of the AZEP concept.     

Influence of compost amendment rate and level of compaction on the hydraulic functioning of soils

There has been widespread interest in using compost to improve the hydrologic functions of degraded soils at construction sites for reducing runoff and increasing infiltration. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of compost amendment rate on saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) and water retention in order to identify target compost rates for enhancing soil hydrologic functions. Samples were prepared with three soil textures (sandy loam, silt loam, and sandy clay loam), amended with compost at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. All soils were tested at a porosity of 0.5 m³/m³, and the sandy loam was further tested at high (0.55 m³/m³) and low (0.4 m³/m³) porosities. The K_s and water retention data were then used to model infiltration with HYDRUS-1D. With increasing compost amendment rate, K_s and water retention of the mixtures generally increased at the medium porosity level, with more compost needed in heavier soils. As porosity decreased in the sandy loam soil, the amount of compost needed to improve K_s rose from 20% to 50%. Water distribution in pore fractions (gravitational, plant-available, and unavailable water) depended on texture, with only the highest compost rates increasing plant-available water in one soil. Results suggest soil texture should be taken into consideration when choosing a compost rate in order to achieve soil improvement goals. Hydrologic benefits may be limited even at a high rate of compost amendment if soil is compacted.