凤羽河小流域水质氮磷特征及影响因素分析

基于2013年凤羽河流域水质氮磷监测数据,解析流域水质氮磷特征,并分析影响其变化因素。结果表明:凤羽河水质氮磷质量浓度较高出现在3个时段,2月份,TN 0.95 mg/L~2.47 mg/L,以NO_3~--N(55.6%)和DON(32.0%)为主,人类活动是影响的主要因素;5—6月,TN 0.77 mg/L~2.47 mg/L,以NO_3~--N(64.3%)为主,TP 0.08 mg/L~0.70 mg/L,以PP(56.4%)和DTP(43.6%)为主,水稻种植和初期降雨是影响的主要因素;7—9月,TN 0.76 mg/L~3.73 mg/L,以NO_3~--N(47.4%)和PN(35.4%)为主,TP 0.07 mg/L~0.97 mg/L,以PP(74.6%)为主,日降雨量是影响的主要因素。治理凤羽河流域农业面源污染应分时段、分区域调控。     

大通湖主要污染物浓度空间分布及其污染来源解析

为了解大通湖主要污染物TN、TP和NH3-N的空间分布特征及污染来源,于2017年9月对大通湖及周边河流进行采样分析。结果表明,大通湖周边入湖河流的ρ(TN)为0. 74～2. 18 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为0. 094～0. 874 mg/L,ρ(TP)为0. 02～0. 243 mg/L;湖体ρ(TN)为0. 82～1. 47 mg/L,呈现湖体中间低、四周高的特征,ρ(NH3-N)为0. 14～0. 42 mg/L,但整体差异较大,高值区主要在大通湖西南及东部,ρ(TP)为0. 160～0. 289 mg/L,水质为Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类,TP为湖体的主要污染物,湖体的ρ(TP)变化呈现出从四周向中部增加的趋势,高值区主要集中在大通湖正南及湖心处;根据2016年大通湖区域污染源统计及入湖污染物计算,大通湖水环境的TP污染负荷大小排序为农田径流畜禽养殖生活污水工业污染网箱养鱼旅游服务。     

桂林市相思江流域氮磷分布特征解析及空间变化预测

通过2019年6—12月对相思江流域（临桂段）丰水期和枯水期的水质监测分析,并采用主成分分析（PCA）对污染初步溯源和反距离加权插值（IDW）对氮磷质量浓度空间变化插值预测。结果表明：研究区内氮磷污染严重,TN和TP质量浓度范围分别为0.312 mg/L～14.744 mg/L和0.004 mg/L～0.452 mg/L,TN质量浓度枯水期高于丰水期,TP两水期大致相等。研究区内非点源氮磷呈现出明显空间变异性,上游氮磷污染最为严重。农业面源污染中禽畜养殖和生活污水是流域内主要污染因子。     

合肥市环巢湖地区种植业面源污染监测与评价

通过2016—2018年在合肥市环巢湖5个县区主要农田周边沟渠中采集水样,监测农田氮磷流失浓度,并评价该区域种植业面源污染状况.结果表明,这3年该区域种植业TN、TP流失的平均质量浓度分别为3.48 mg/L、0.602 mg/L,均高于地表水Ⅴ类水质标准.2016年与2017年TN、TP浓度差异不大,2018年较前两...     

滇池污染底泥环保疏浚一期工程实施后环境效益评估

通过对滇池草海污染底泥环保疏浚一期工程实施前后水质、底质及水生生物的监测和分析,评价工程实施后对改善草海水质,减轻内源负荷及对水生态恢复的环境效益。结果表明,疏浚工程直接去除了草海污染底泥层,随污染层分别去除TN、TP20 538 t和1 716 t。疏浚后草海水体透明度由0.37 m提高到0.80 m,水体中的TN和TP由疏挖前的8.91 mg/L和1.07 mg/L降低到疏挖后的8.15 mg/L和0.69 mg/L。疏浚后新生界面层促使形成新的水—沉积物的平衡,水质与底质条件改善以及水下光照条件超过沉水植物恢复的需求,是疏浚后水生态呈现恢复趋势的机理。     

A2/O工艺脱氮除磷运行效果分析

采用统计学方法对新疆某污水处理厂A2/O工艺进行进水水质数据分析,发现数据存在严重自相关现象,运用主成分消除法和岭回归消除法以消除自相关性。结果表明：TN和TP是污水厂提标改造的关键;碳源匮乏和缺氧区存在溶解氧(DO)是TN去除不佳的主要原因;适当提高污泥浓度(MLSS)和水力停留时间(HRT)是强化TP去除的措施;温度是影响脱氮除磷的主要因素。将温度模型与自相关磷模型相结合,可提高磷模型精度,有利于出水TP的预测。降低DO、增加外碳源,控制MLSS为3 500 mg/L~4 500 mg/L、HRT为5.4 h~8.0 h、厌氧区和好氧区DO为0.3 mg/L和2 mg/L、污泥龄（SRT）为11 d~12 d,可提升工艺脱氮除磷效果。     

赣江主要河流丰水期-枯水期氮磷营养盐分布特征

对2006—2019年赣江水体及水库丰水期-枯水期的总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、硝态氮(NO^-₃-N)和总磷(TP)浓度变化和分布特征进行分析。将赣江按河谷地形和河道特征划分为上游、中游、下游3段;根据水流来源将赣江划分为章水、桃江、湘水、贡水、泸江、赣江干流。结果显示：桃江TN质量浓度在2011年枯水期取得最大值8.26 mg/L;章水TP质量浓度在2007年枯水期取得最大值0.18 mg/L,整个赣江丰水期-枯水期的TP质量浓度在0.02～0.18 mg/L范围内浮动,变化幅度较小;章水NH₃-N浓度在2008年枯水期取得最大值1.86 mg/L,而在2017—2019年NH₃-N的浓度基本处于0.5 mg/L以内,达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质标准。万安水库和峡江水库对总氮的滞留率,丰水期分别为24.26%、17.44%,枯水期分别为21.36%、16.60%;对总磷的滞留率,丰水期分别为24.78%、19.05%,枯水期分别为33....     

洮滆水系湖库富营养化生态风险的特点与比较

茅东水库、长荡湖、涌湖、太湖竺山湾是洮滆水系从上游到下游排列的4大典型湖库,2008年的监测分析表明,氮、磷是该水系湖库富营养化的主要污染因子,并沿流域呈加剧趋势,上下游TP质量浓度为0.081～0.296 mg/L,差异小,而TN质量浓度为0.314～5.67 mg/L,差异大,长荡湖到涌湖是洮滆水系首要污染物TN快...     

基于多元统计的宁夏典农河水质演替特征探究

宁夏典农河是黄河宁夏段的主要入黄排水沟之一,其水质状况对黄河宁夏-内蒙古段跨省流域水质安全至关重要。选取典农河2011—2020年10个监测点位的16项水质参数,采用综合污染指数(WPI)法,结合相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等分析方法,综合分析该流域水污染特征,并对污染程度进行评估,对污染因子和污染原因进行解析,最终提出管控建议。研究结果表明：2011—2020年,影响典农河水质的主要污染因子为COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TP、TN,对应的年均浓度范围分别为22.3～71.5、0.64～9.09、0.173～0.662、2.89～21.52 mg/L,超标率分别为46%、8%、13%、85%。典农河2011—2020年WPI范围为0.59～1.74,重金属含量一直维持在较低水平。流域TN与TP年均浓度比值范围为20～84,整体呈下降趋势,且各监测点的差异性逐渐减小;BOD₅与COD_Cr浓度比值范围为0.02～0.19,反映出典农河流域水体可生化性较差。各监测断面污染物之间存在较强相关性,其中：流域C...     

千岛湖沉积物中碳、氮、磷的分布特征及污染评价

通过测定千岛湖柱状沉积物中有机质（OM）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量,分析其污染分布特征,并评价污染水平。结果表明,千岛湖沉积物中OM、TN、TP平均值分别为1.44%、1.86mg/g、0.89mg/g。空间分布差异明显,城区库湾、新安江干流沿线污染相对较重;垂直分布,OM、TN、TP整体上均从湖底由下而上呈逐步上升变化过程。相关性分析表明,该湖沉积物中OM、TN、TP具有较高的同源性,氮、磷多以有机形式存在。C/N值表明,该湖沉积物中有机质主要来自内源的水生生物分解。评价结果显示,综合污染指数范围为1.1～4.2,该湖整体上处于重度污染水平,TP污染重于TN;有机指数范围为0.04～0.52,整体上属于轻度污染水平。     

Estimating reference nutrient criteria for Maryland ecoregions

Management of stream nutrients is becoming increasingly important in order to protect both water quality and aquatic resources throughout the USA. Using an extensive water quality database from the long-term Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS), we describe nutrient relationships to landscape characteristics as total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of small-order, non-tidal streams in USEPA L2 and L3 ecoregions in Maryland and by MBSS stream order at the L2 and L3 ecoregion levels. To protect stream ecosystem integrity, preliminary reference nutrient estimates (TN and TP) as percentiles (25th of all stream reaches and 75th of stream reference reaches) for the six Maryland L3 ecoregions are: Blue Ridge TN 0.29 and 0.64 mg/L, TP 0.0065 and 0.0090 mg/L; Central Appalachians TN 0.40 and 1.0 mg/L, TP 0.0060 and 0.015 mg/L; Middle Atlantic Coastal Plains TN 0.93 and 2.5 mg/L, TP 0.094 and 0.065 mg/L; Northern Piedmont TN 1.6 and 1.8 mg/L, TP 0.010 and 0.015 mg/L; Ridge and Valley TN 0.40 and 0.98 mg/L, TP 0.0063 and 0.012 mg/L; and Southeastern Plains TN 0.33 and 0.82 mg/L, TP 0.016 and 0.042 mg/L. High levels of both TN and TP are present in many streams found in non-tidal watersheds associated with all Maryland ecoregions, but are especially elevated in the Northern Piedmont and Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain ecoregions, with the latter second-order streams (average TN?>?2.9 mg/L) significantly higher than all other ecoregion–order combinations. Across all six ecoregions, mean nutrient loading for both TN and TP was generally equivalent in first-order streams to nutrient concentrations seen in both second- and third-order streams, indicating a definite need to increase efforts in preventing nutrients from entering first-order streams. Small-order stream nutrient levels are the drivers for subsequent TN and TP inputs into the upper freshwater tidal reaches of the Chesapeake Bay, resulting in a potential risk for altered estuarine ecosystems.     

Planted floating bed performance in treatment of eutrophic river water

The objective of the study was to treat eutrophic river water using floating beds and to identify ideal plant species for design of floating beds. Four parallel pilot-scale units were established and vegetated with Canna indica (U1), Accords calamus (U2), Cyperus alternifolius (U3), and Vetiveria zizanioides (U4), respectively, to treat eutrophic river water. The floating bed was made of polyethylene foam, and plants were vegetated on it. Results suggest that the floating bed is a viable alternative for treating eutrophic river water, especially for inhibiting algae growth. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) varied from 6.53 to 18.45 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) from 6.82 to 12.25 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) from 0.65 to 1.64 mg/L, and Chla from 6.22 to 66.46 g/m³, the removal of COD, TN, TP, and Chla was 15.3 %–38.4 %, 25.4 %–48.4 %, 16.1 %–42.1 %, and 29.9 %–88.1 %, respectively. Ranked by removal performance, U1 was best, followed by U2, U3, and U4. In the floating bed, more than 60 % TN and TP were removed by sedimentation; plant uptake was quantitatively of low importance with an average removal of 20.2 % of TN and 29.4 % of TP removed. The loss of TN (TP) was of the least importance. Compared with the other three, U1 exhibited better dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient distributions, higher DO levels, higher hydraulic efficiency, and a higher percentage of nutrient removal attributable to plant uptake; in addition, plant development and the volume of nutrient storage in the C. indica tissues outperformed the other three species. C. indica thus could be selected when designing floating beds for the Three Gorges Reservoir region of P. R. China.     

生物生态耦合技术处理农村生活污水的应用研究

在对“厌氧池+跌水充氧接触氧化池+水耕蔬菜型人工湿地”生物生态耦合技术应用于农村生活污水处理进行实证研究的基础上,进一步探讨了生物与生态处理单元各自的主要去除对象和效率,为生物生态技术的合理耦合提供了依据。结果表明：在进水COD、TN、TP质量浓度波动范围为51.20~211.12,28.29~122.12,1.26~5.97mg/L时,出水平均质量浓度为15.80,5.51,0.34mg/L,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB 18918—2002）》一级A标准。污水中COD、TN、TP的78%,85%,50%的去除是在生物处理单元完成的,而TP的达标排放还必需生态处理单元的参与。整个处理技术处理效果良好,运行费用低,适合在条件允许的农村地区推广使用。     

基于比值法解析老城区河段氮磷污染特征

2013年12月—2015年2月,对南淝河老城区约4 km河段水体和主要点源的氮、磷污染物进行测定,并利用碳氮比(CODCr/TN)、氮磷比(TN/TP)、氨氮百分含量(NH3-N/TN)等主要指标对所得数据进行分析研究。结果表明,南淝河老城区段水体的氮磷污染严重,氨氮百分含量接近甚至超过50%,具有一般城市生活污水的特征;氮磷比在春夏季处于藻类适宜的生长范围(9.0TN/TP22.6);整个水体处于低碳氮比水平(碳氮比小于2.5),不利于水体的净化;主要受上游望塘污水处理厂、城市生活污水和地表径流的影响。其主要支流四里河水体的氮磷污染亦相当严重,且氮、磷污染物的输入途径一致。     

Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in the Ten Mile Creek of South Florida, USA and effects on phytoplankton biomass

Water quality throughout south Florida has been a major concern for many years. Nutrient enrichment in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a major surface water issue and is suggested as a possible cause of symptoms of ecological degradation. In 2005-06, water samples were collected weekly from seven sites along Ten Mile Creek (TMC), which drains into the Indian River Lagoon, to investigate and analyze spatial and temporal fluctuations of nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to understand the relationships among chlorophyll a concentration, nutrient enrichment and hydrological parameters in the surface water body.High median concentrations of total P (TP, 0.272 mg L(-1)), PO4-P (0.122 mg L(-1)), and dissolved total P (DTP, 0.179 mg L(-1)); and total N (TN, 0.988 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (0.104 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (0.103 mg L(-1)), and total Kjeldahl N (TKN, 0.829 mg L(-1)), were measured in TMC. The concentrations of TP, PO4-P, DTP, TN, NO3(-)-N, NH4+-N, and TKN were higher in summer and fall than in winter and spring. However, chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations during this period in TMC varied in the range of 0.000-60.7 and 0.000-17.4 microg L(-1), with their median values of 3.54 and 3.02 microg L(-1), respectively. The greatest mean chlorophyll a (10.3 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (5.71 microg L(-1)) concentrations occurred in spring, while the lowest chlorophyll a (1.49 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (1.97 mug L(-1)) in fall. High concentrations of PO4-P (>0.16 mg L(-1)), DTP (>0.24 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (>0.15 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (>0.12 mg L(-1)), and TKN (>0.96 mg L(-1)), occurred in the upstream of TMC, while high concentrations of chlorophyll a (>6.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (>3.9 microg L(-l)) were detected in the downstream of TMC. The highest chlorophyll a (11.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (6.06 microg L(-l)) concentrations, however, were associated with static and open water conditions. Hydrological parameters (total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, salinity, pH, and water temperature) were positively correlated with chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations (P < 0.01) and these factors overshadowed the relationships between N and P concentrations and chlorophyll a under field conditions. Principal component analysis and the ratios of DIN/DP and TN/TP in the water suggest that N is the limiting nutrient factor for phytoplankton growth in the TMC and elevated N relative to P is beneficial to the growth of phytoplankton, which is supported by laboratory culture experiments under controlled conditions.     

Nutrient concentrations in Maryland non-tidal streams

Using a spatially extensive database from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS), we describe nutrient relationships of small-order, non-tidal streams to Maryland watershed basins, Maryland Tributary Strategy basins, and stream order. In addition, we estimate the number of stream km affected by nutrient loading, using derived nutrient criteria. Based on the MBSS spring water quality sampling, we determined several important factors relating to nutrient levels in non-tidal streams. There are strong linear relationships of nutrients to the percentage of agriculture and forested land present within MBSS sampling strata. Both mean total nitrogen (TN) and mean total phosphorus (TP) levels for watershed basins by stream order show exceedances of derived nutrient reference criteria for Maryland. Four Maryland basins have over 85% of their stream kilometers exceeding the TN criterion, with three basins over 90% of the TP criterion. To protect small stream integrity in Maryland, we recommend an upper stream TN criterion between 1.34 and 1.68 mg/L and an upper stream TP criterion between 0.025 and 0.037 mg/L, based on quantile analyses. Elevated levels of both TN and TP are present in non-tidal streams, with subsequent nutrient inputs into the upper freshwater tidal reaches of the Chesapeake Bay.