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Maurizio Pettine Silvio Capri Maria Giuseppina Farrace Maura Manganelli Luisa Patrolecco Alberto Puddu Annamaria Zoppini 《Chemistry and Ecology》2002,18(1):13-25
The results obtained in the four seasonal cruises planned in the PRISMA II project are reported. These concern dissolved and colloidal organic carbon, free amino acids and total dissolved carbohydrates and heterotrophic activity. Main factors controlling organic matter degradation, resulting from laboratory tests not planned in the above project, are also discussed. Dissolved organic matter shows seasonal accumulation, which may be markedly different from year to year, and large contributions by colloidal and saccharide components. Heterotrophic activities play an important role in the carbon cycle, although laboratory runs highlight limitations caused by aging of organic matter and phosphorus deficiency. 相似文献
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We investigated the spatial variability of sediment organic matter content and composition in three areas (A, B and C) of the Northwestern Adriatic Sea, subjected to a putative gradient of trophic state ( i.e. , increasing distance from the Po river outflow) in order to determine the appropriate sample size and replication. The analysis of the mesoscale variability was carried out comparing variability on the scale of meters ( i.e. among different deployments) with the variability observed on a scale of several kilometres ( i.e. among different sampling areas). Sediment samples, collected on April 1999, October 1999, April and October 2000, were analysed for chloropigment content (chlorophyll-a and phaeopygments) and protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentrations. Chloropigment, protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentrations were high, indicating that this system shares trophic conditions typical of highly productive environments. All organic matter components displayed a distribution independent from the increasing distance from the Po river outflow and a clear spatial variability, characterised by significant differences among different areas, but not among deployments. Carbohydrates were the biochemical compound displaying the highest spatial variability among the three areas. Chloropigment, protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentrations displayed also significant temporal changes. When spatial and temporal variability were compared, chlorophyll-a, phaeopigment and protein concentrations displayed a higher temporal than spatial variability. Conversely, for carbohydrates and lipids spatial and temporal variability was of the same order of magnitude. Organic matter composition displayed limited changes among areas, but a strong temporal variability. The results from the Adriatic sea suggest that analyses from sediments collected from a single deployment are sufficient for assessing organic matter concentration and composition over areas of several hundreds of square meters. However, for estimating organic matter composition over larger spatial scales ( i.e. miles) the identification of different sampling areas is needed. 相似文献
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The particulate organic matter distribution and its elemental composition in the northern and central Adriatic Sea during different seasonal periods are shown, highlighting the principal processes and factors influencing their distribution and characteristics.
In the low salinity waters the concentrations of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were higher and more variable than in the dense waters, mainly due to dilution effects which induce an abundant phytoplankton growth.
Generally in summer the particulate organic matter distribution followed the trophic gradient while in winter resuspension events often became more important. Differences between summer and winter were more evident in the diluted waters and were mainly due to the seasonal heat exchanges and to the fresh water inputs.
Marked differences in C/P ratios were observed in the POM: high ratios in the northern diluted waters and low in the more saline waters and in the central Adriatic. 相似文献
In the low salinity waters the concentrations of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were higher and more variable than in the dense waters, mainly due to dilution effects which induce an abundant phytoplankton growth.
Generally in summer the particulate organic matter distribution followed the trophic gradient while in winter resuspension events often became more important. Differences between summer and winter were more evident in the diluted waters and were mainly due to the seasonal heat exchanges and to the fresh water inputs.
Marked differences in C/P ratios were observed in the POM: high ratios in the northern diluted waters and low in the more saline waters and in the central Adriatic. 相似文献
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土壤和沉积物的有机质组分对水中非离子有机物吸着的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在25℃下,分别测定来自水各地的四种土壤和八种沉积物吸着水溶液中的1,2-二氯苯和四氯化碳的吸附等温线,所有的等温线呈线性,表明土壤和沉积物吸着水溶液中的非离子有机物的过程是分配机理,土壤或沉物的本身用有机碳标化的吸附系数(Koc)之间差异不大,而土壤的和沉积物之间的Koc则存在显著性差异,这是由于沉积物有机质成分的极性小于土壤有机质成分的极性造成的,沉积物质吸着上述两种有机物的Koc约是土壤的K 相似文献
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环境中砷与溶解有机质的络合作用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
砷(As)与溶解有机质(DOM)的络合从而形成As-DOM络合物是控制砷的形态、移动性和生物可利用性的关键过程.本文综述了目前为数不多的As-DOM络合物形成的研究,力争对这方面的研究有一系统认识.本综述包括:(1)砷与溶解有机质的络合形式;(2)As-DOM络合物的分离分析方法;(3)As-DOM络合物形成的观测证据... 相似文献
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土壤有机质对镉在土壤中吸附-解吸行为的影响 总被引:31,自引:2,他引:31
研究了Cd^2+在红壤、黄泥土、乌栅土及去除有机质后的三种土壤中的吸附-解吸行为.结果表明,有机质的去除显著降低了三种土壤体系Cd^2+吸附-解吸平衡液的pH值,ApH范围为0.51到3.05.三种土壤中Cd^2+的吸附量大小为:乌栅土〉黄泥土〉〉红壤,与土壤有机质含量的顺序一致;去除有机质后土壤对Cd^2+的吸附量均明显下降,尤其是有机质含量高的黄泥土和乌栅土;三种土壤有机质对Cd^2+吸附的贡献率平均值分别为红壤43.75%、黄泥土544.77%、乌栅土993.76%.Cd^2+在所有土壤中的吸附均可用Freundlich方程来描述,相关系数均大于0.991,吸附亲和力的变化与吸附量大小的变化一致,n值在0.350到0.975之间变化.三种土壤中Cd^2+解吸量依次减少,红壤中Cd^2+解吸率均在50%以上,而黄泥土和乌栅土中解吸率最高为42%和19%;去除有机质后解吸率均在50%以上,且解吸量相差不大. 相似文献
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疏水性有机污染物在土壤/沉积物中的赋存状态研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
土壤/沉积物是环境中有机污染物主要的汇,由于土壤-沉积物结构和性质的复杂性,有机污染物进入其中,会结合在不同的位点上,赋存状态发生分化,具有不同的物理流动性、生态风险和化学反应活性.对于土壤-沉积物中有机污染物吸附/解吸的研究是认识其赋存状态并预测其生态风险的重要手段.本文对于疏水性污染物吸附/解吸及赋存状态的国内外研... 相似文献
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天然水体中有机酸当量浓度的确定方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文根据天然水体中溶解有机在碳与化学需氧量和生化需氧量之间的相关性,以及有机酸当量和水体溶解有机碳之间的近似定量关系,提出了由化学需氧量或生化需氧量得到溶解有机碳或总有机碳浓度,最终得到有机酸和有机酸根当量浓度的转换方法,为大区域天然水体有机酸碱缓冲作用的评估提供了一个实用的转换途径。 相似文献
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非离子表面活性剂对有机磷农药在沉积物上吸附行为的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用振荡平衡方法,研究了非离子表面活性剂Brij35和Brij30在沉积物上的吸附行为及其对甲基对硫磷在三种沉积物上吸附的影响.结果表明:Brij35的吸附符合Langmuir型吸附等温线;Brij30的吸附符合S型吸附等温线.对于有机质含量高的沉积物,Brij35抑制甲基对硫磷的吸附,Brij30在加入浓度大于CMC时能促进甲基对硫磷的吸附,低于CMC时则抑制甲基对硫磷的吸附.对于有机质含量低的沉积物,Brij35和Brij30均能使甲基对硫磷的吸附量增加.表面活性剂对甲基对硫磷吸附行为的影响机理为吸附态和溶解态的表面活性剂对甲基对硫磷的吸附和增溶共同作用的结果,表面活性剂吸附态对甲基对硫磷吸附的贡献主要来自于吸附并集聚于沉积物表面的表面活性剂,通过分配作用进入沉积物有机质的表面活性剂吸附态贡献率小. 相似文献
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本文以三种有机酸为代表,研究并建立了测定水稻土中有机酸的分光光度法。结果表明,三种有机酸的有色络合物具有相同的吸收光谱,且具有相同的最大吸收波长(λ_(mss)=500um)和相近的表观摩尔吸光系数。水分对酯化反应影响很大,含水量达4ml时,吸光值下降85%。酯化温度在10℃以上时,酯化率达最大值且保持稳定。在25℃时,显色反应20min趋干稳定,且在1h内吸光值下降不超过1.2%。土样中的有机酸采用NaCl溶液为提取剂,以3:1的液土比振荡提取30min,NaCl溶液浓度为1%就能达到良好的提取、过滤效果。提取液在烘干前需进行碱化,否则有机酸将损失30%以上。本法平均回收率为92.2%(n=5),标准差为0-0.0478cmol k8~(-1)(n=2-6),平均0.0142cmol kg~(-1)(n=26);变异系数为0—10%(n=2-6),平均4.87%(n=26);线性范围为0—0.0018mol L~(-1)。 相似文献
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自然粒度下渤海沉积物中有机碳的地球化学特征 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
对渤海三个典型海域6个站位柱状沉积物自然粒度下的有机碳(OC)进行了研究,探讨了有机碳的垂直分布特征及其氧化还原环境(Eh^0,Es^0,Fe^3 /Fe^2 比值)因素对渤海沉积物中有机碳的影响,渤海自然粒度沉积物中的有机碳含量在0.39-0.86%之间,一般在表层-次表层含量变化较剧烈,在下层变化较缓,相关分析说明,在中层,一般沉积物的还原性相比表层有增强,氧化环境与还原环境共存,有机质被氧化,OC浓度变得趋于减小,Fe^3 /Fe^2 也趋于减小,二者有明显的正相关;在下层,还原环境占据了主导地位,导致大量OC不能被氧化,就被保存了下来,而Fe^3 /Fe^2 却明显减小,所以在下层OC-Fe^3 /Fe^2 呈较强的负相关;在表层又掺杂了生物化学与物理扰动等因素,使OC-Fe^3 /Fe^2 的相关性变得复杂,且不规律,表层-次表层OC主要取决于物质来源和物理搅动,变化较复杂;中,下层主要受氧化还原环境影响,矿化作用明显,有机碳含量逐渐降低;下层除C3区和A区外,有机碳含量也逐步降低。有机碳含量不同层次受不同的物质来源,沉积环境,氧化还原进程与不同的生物化学过程共同影响,从C区的断面分布看,表层-次表层呈垂直叠层分布,主要是逐步垂直沉降沉积的结果。25cm以下呈水平推进式梯度分布,可能由于特殊的沉积事件如大洪水冲刷沉积而致。 相似文献
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本文介绍了南岳森林土壤与母岩的化学性状,以了解气候和植被对土壤的影响;介绍了土壤有机质的作用、含量、分布;讨论了影响土壤有机质含量的因素并给出了循环模型。 相似文献
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垃圾渗滤液中有机物分子量的分布及在MBR系统中的变化 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
利用凝胶层析方法分析了垃圾渗滤液中有机物分子量的分布情况,并考察了利用膜生物反应器(MBR)处理垃圾渗滤液系统中有机污染物分子量的分布以及水溶性腐殖质(AHS)含量的变化.研究发现,垃圾渗滤液中的有机物主要由两部分组成,即分子量大于6000的大分子物质和分子量小于1500的小分子物质.大分子物质主要是水溶性腐殖质,而小分子物质主要由挥发性有机酸及水溶性腐殖质组成.大分子的AHS难以被微生物降解,但能被微滤膜截留.大部分小分子的AHS既难以被微生物降解,又不能被膜截留,是构成MBR处理出水COD的主要成分. 相似文献
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江西省兴国县土壤全氮和有机质的空间变异及其分布格局 总被引:53,自引:2,他引:53
在地理信息系统和地统计学的支持下,以变异函数为工具,初步分析了江西省兴国县土壤全氮和有机质的空间变异特征,并应用克立格法进行最优无偏线性插值,得出全氮和有机质含量的分布格局.结果表明:全氮的变异函数曲线的理论模型符合球状模型,有机质为指数模型;两种养分的空间自相关程度均属中等的空间自相关;全氮和有机质空间变异的尺度范围不同,分别为5.41km和9.36km.它们的空间变异主要是由结构性因素引起的;全氮和有机质含量的分布格局基本一致,具有北部高、中部和南部低的分布特征.图3表2参16 相似文献
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