成都主城区电磁环境频谱构成及来源分析

本文通过对电磁环境中电磁辐射设施(设备)的频率特征、传播方式进行分析,根据对成都市主城区电磁环境频谱进行的大量点位监测,对照分析监测结果及谱图,分析论证了成都市区电磁环境频谱的主要构成情况及其来源。     

复杂电磁环境下无人战车面临的挑战与对策

针对无人战车在战场复杂电磁环境中的电磁安全要求,分析了战场复杂电磁环境构成要素和电磁环境特征表现形式,研究了无人战车在恶劣电磁环境作战中所面临的挑战,并从增强抗干扰通信技术、提升电磁兼容性能技术、以及提高强电磁脉冲防护技术方面给出了无人战车应对战场复杂电磁环境的具体措施,为提升战场恶劣电磁环境下无人战车的电磁安全性奠定了基础。     

0.1～3000MHz射频电磁环境时间变化规律及其与人群作息时间关系的研究

利用自动连续监测仪器对在成都市城区选定的监测点位开展了持续数日的测量,获取了测点的长时间监测数据,通过对监测数据的分析,研究了0.1~3000MHz射频电磁环境随时间变化的规律及其与人群作息时间的关系,并对电磁环境人工手动监测的适宜时间段进行了分析。     

大功率中短波广播天线电磁辐射的预测与防护

随着城镇密集度越来越高,大功率电磁辐射设备如大功率中短波天线不可避免的与建筑越来越近,因而对室内的电磁环境污染逐步加剧。电磁辐射造成的危害通常包括对人体健康的危害(健康效应)和干扰其他电磁设备而造成严重后果(电磁干扰)。针对大功率中短波天线造成的电磁环境污染问题,提出一套远场条件下电磁辐射的预测方法并成功预测了一个典型大功率中短波天线群附近的拟建项目区域的电磁环境,在此基础上,提出有效的针对拟建项目的电磁防护方案。     

20Hz-40GHz电磁环境自动监测系统

本文对20Hz-40GHz电磁环境自动监测系统进行了说明,对系统各个硬件组成部分分别进行了介绍,并详尽阐述了如何通过软件控制完成自动监测功能。最后对监测点的选择方法进行了分析。     

公交无线充电系统电磁环境现状调查分析

通过对成都市1058路公交无线充电系统40 k Hz电场强度、40 k Hz磁感应强度与选频电场的监测,根据不同方位与距离的监测结果与衰减规律,分析公交无线充电系统的电磁环境现状与对周围的电磁环境影响。     

高速动车组车内低频电磁场测试及分布特性分析

近年来我国高速铁路建设飞速发展,在给交通运输带来了方便快捷的同时,也引入了电磁干扰问题。本文以高速动车组车内低频电磁环境为对象,分析了高速铁路电磁骚扰源及列车产生电磁骚扰的机理,通过对大量实测数据的统计和总结,分析了高速动车组车内低频电磁场的分布和规律,并对我国高速动车组车内低频电磁环境的优化提出一些看法和建议。     

臭氧层保护

一．什么是臭氧层太阳是一个巨大的热体,表面温度高达6000℃,是地球取之不尽的能量来源。我们都知道,人类肉眼可以看到的“赤橙黄绿青蓝紫”的七彩光是可见光范围的太阳辐射,实际上到达地面的太阳光还有红外线和紫外线等。太阳辐射的紫外光中有一部分能量极高,如果到达地球表面,就可能破坏生物分子的蛋白质和基因物质,即我们所熟知的DNA,造成细胞破坏和死亡。然而,自然的力量改变了这一过程,地球的大气层就像一个过滤器,一把保护伞,将太阳辐射中的有害部分阻挡在大气层之外,使地球成为人类可爱的家园。而完成这一工作的,就…     

航空环境与机载设备环境试验规范的制定

本文简要介绍了航空环境中对流层、平流层、电离层、外大气层的基本环境及民用飞机机型的基本情况,对机载设备环境试验标准的选用及标准中提供的机载设备环境试验项目和应力等级的剪裁,归纳整理出了应考虑的因素：飞机舱内、舱外,飞机类型、飞机性能,并对每个试验项目的目的做了简要介绍。     

城区电力设施电磁影响与低频段电磁环境频谱

通过对电力设施电磁环境影响的形成机理、特征分析,对照低频段电磁环境频谱,分析论述城市区域中电力设施对电磁环境的影响特征以及在频谱中的反映和贡献。本文结论有助于掌握城市区域低频电磁环境的主要影响源,以支撑电磁环境监管。     

榄普一线500kV线路取消架空地线防雷性能分析

榄普一线500 k V线路由于地线覆冰严重,多次出现线路跳闸、地线断裂等事故,因此需要将架空地线取消。结合行波法和ATP-EMTP电磁暂态分析,对取消地线前后榄普一线的耐雷强度进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,取消地线后雷击基本都变为绕击,并且绕击耐雷强度和反击耐雷强度均有所降低,需要采用其他防雷措施进行保护。     

In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Effects on Human Keratinocytes Exposed to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field

Summary The biological effects of electromagnetic radiation at ultra high frequency on human keratinocytes were investigated. HaCaT cell system, a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes cell line, was chosen as model since skin is usually exposed to electromagnetic radiation at considered frequency more than inner tissues. HaCaT cells were exposed to a pure sinusoidal field at a frequency of 900 MHz (average SAR levels ranging from 0.04 to 0.08 W/kg) in plane wave condition inside a GTEM chamber for time intervals of 18 hours at a controlled temperature of 37^∘C. Growth curves were obtained for exposed and control cells, and a reduction in the number of exposed cells in comparison to unexposed ones was found; however the number of dead cells was not significantly different in exposed and unexposed samples. In order to investigate whether the reduction in cell proliferation of exposed cells was due to the activation of a differentiative process, the expression of two hallmarks of differentiation was examined. Both keratin 1 and involucrin expression was increased in exposed in comparison to unexposed cells. These results suggest that this protocol of exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field can trigger a differentiation program in HaCaT cells.     

电磁干扰环境下产品失效机理分析

论述了电磁干扰环境对产品所产生的影响,阐述了在此环境下产品的失效模式,分析了在电磁干扰环境应力下产品功能失效的原因,指出了产品一般都会受到电磁波感应耦合、核电磁脉冲、静电失效、雷电电磁脉冲等干扰的影响作用,并针对性地提出了对产品进行有效防护的方法。     

Dynamic modeling of chemical fate and transport in multimedia environments at watershed scale-II: trichloroethylene test case

A multimedia environmental fate model was developed to study the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of a chemical pollutant at watershed scale. The theoretical considerations and implementation of the model were described in the accompanying paper (Part I). This paper presents the result of a test simulation on the transport of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the Connecticut River Basin. The simulation results were reported as time series of concentrations and inter-media transport fluxes in the compartments of atmosphere, plant, soil, surface water, and sediment. Predicted concentrations from the test simulation were compared with published field data or predictions by validated models. The temporal trends in TCE predictions were evaluated by comparing the simulation results with monthly TCE concentrations in various environmental compartments and monthly fluxes of inter-media transport processes. Results indicated that the simulation results were in reasonable agreement with reported data in the literature. The results also revealed that the mass transport of TCE from the atmosphere compartment to soil and surface water was a major route of TCE dispersion in the environment.     

Systemic Effect: A New Approach to Magnetic Field Therapy

Summary Despite of decades of successful worldwide use of magnetic/electromagnetic field therapy, the answer to the question of possible mechanisms of action is still lacking. Scientific reports of successful therapeutic use of magnetic/electromagnetic fields are worldwide; however, our understanding of the underlying mechanism is limited. This paper presents a new hypothesis that therapeutic benefit of magnetic fields might result from effects that originated on the level of important systems in human body. It is known now that the life is an electromagnetic event in aqueous medium. Therefore, an appropriate choice of magnetic and/or electromagnetic field may be expected to initiate systemic changes that result in efficacious effects distant from the point of application. Observations of this phenomenon have been reported in at least two forms: (1) neutralization of the pain experience distant to the point of magnetic field exposure; and, (2) various alterations of T-lymphocytes in response to pain and to magnetic fields. Extrapolating these observations to the level of blood-vessel system, one might hypothesize that a “healthy” cell does not respond as readily to the applied fields as do abnormal cells (which are in a disease or injury state).     

Effect of organic material on field-scale emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene

Soil fumigation is important for growing many fruits and vegetable crops, but fumigant emissions may contaminate the atmosphere. A large-scale field experiment was initiated to test the hypothesis that adding composted municipal green waste to the soil surface in an agricultural field would reduce atmospheric emissions of the 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) after shank injection at a 133 kg ha(-1) application rate. Three micrometeorological methods were used to obtain fumigant flux density and cumulative emission values. The volatilization rate was measured continuously for 16 d, and the daily peak volatilization rates for the three methods ranged from 12 to 24 μg m(-2) s(-1). The total 1,3-D mass that volatilized to the atmosphere was approximately 14 to 68 kg, or 3 to 8% of the applied active ingredient. This represents an approximately 75 to 90% reduction in the total emissions compared with other recent field, field-plot, and laboratory studies. Significant reductions in the volatilization of 1,3-D may be possible when composted municipal green waste is applied to an agricultural field. This methodology also provides a beneficial use and disposal mechanism for composted vegetative material.     

分光光度法测定氯化氢的实验条件改进

硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定大气中的氯化氢,所使用的硫氰酸汞-乙醇溶液配置时间长,浓度低,曲线线性不好,不适用于环境现场监测。通过对氯化氢测定过程中遇到的问题进行分析,对硫氰酸汞-乙醇溶液的配置方法进行改进,提高该溶液的浓度。实验证明,使用定性滤纸过滤后的0.40%硫氰酸汞-乙醇溶液,曲线线性关系好,标样准确度高,适用于现场监测分析。     

Preliminary studies about effects of ELF and TAMMEF electromagnetic fields on human lymphomonocytes

In our paper we studied the effects of exposure to ELF (extremely low frequency) or musically generated TAMMEF (therapeutic application of musically modulated electromagnetic fields) electromagnetic fields on the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release induced by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from cultured human lymphomonocytes of peripheral blood. Lymphomonocytes, isolated from blood donors buffy-coat, were prepared using standard techniques in cell culture flasks, kept in CO₂ incubator, with controlled temperature and humidity for 5 days. Flasks were subjected to an ELF electromagnetic field (100 Hz sinusoidal) or to TAMMEF electromagnetic fields (with intensity, frequency, and wave shape randomly modified in time, so that all possible codes can occur during a single application). The TNF-α release was determined by ELISA test every 24 h for 92 h and the results were evaluated by a non-parametric test. LPS induces a stronger TNF-α release in cultures that were subjected to ELF when compared with cultures subjected to TAMMEF, at each time period of the experimental protocol. These results seem to indicate that TAMMEF is able to induce a complex modulation of LPS-induced TNF-α release, a cytokine with pro inflammatory property whose release during chronic or neoplastic inflammatory diseases has strong negative effects on several organ systems.     

电磁辐射测量仪对测量结果的影响分析

目前国内外对环境电磁波的测量仪器主要分为两类,分别是选频式和非选频式。选频式仪器由各类测量接收机或频谱分析仪和接收天线组成,其不适于非周期信号测量。非选频式仪器由各类全向型探头和主机组成,适用于周期和非周期信号的环境电磁波测量,但这类仪器动态范围不高。本文采用了两种不同的测量仪器,分别以单频连续波和调制脉冲为激励信号进行比较分析。结果表明：随着测量信号电平增加,两种仪器测量结果数据趋于一致。而在用两种标准的不同方法计算某一频段的复合场强时,其数值有较大差异。     

Changes of Surface Properties of Yeast Cell Wall Under Exposure of Electromagnetic Field (40.68 MHz) and Action of Nystatin

Summary Changes of the surface properties were studied in the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-517 under influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) (40.68 MHz) and lethal doses of the fungicidal antibiotic nystatin (10 μg/10⁶ cells). Atomic force microscopy was used to study surface topography and visco-elastic properties of the cell walls. Surface carbohydrates were detected by lectins marked with gold with the help of the scanning electron microscope. Additional polysaccharide layer appeared over cell surface after EMF exposure. We suggest that electromagnetic fields resulted in the change of the cell surface, and, accordingly, the sensitivity of organisms to the antifungal antibiotics.