火电厂烟气脱硫技术综合评价专家系统权重的确定

在火电厂烟气脱硫技术综合评价专家系统评价体系中，指标权重的确定是建立整个专家系统的重点和难点。在建立的火电厂烟气脱硫技术综合评价体系的基础上，利用APH法确定了火电厂烟气脱硫技术综合评价专家系统中各层次指标的权重。为火电厂烟气脱硫技术综合评价专家系统的建立奠定了基础。     

亲子旅游目的地评价指标体系构建及实证研究——以珠海横琴为例北大核心

依据文献资料与专家访谈结果对亲子旅游目的地指标体系进行初步设计,利用德尔菲法和半结构访谈法确定评价指标,通过模糊层次分析法(FAHP)计算各级指标的权重,构建包括目的地感知、产品与特色服务、安全保障、品牌及传播、游客满意度5个一级指标在内的亲子旅游目的地评价指标体系。为进一步验证该指标体系和亲子旅游目的地之间的适配度,选择珠海横琴进行实证。结果显示:珠海横琴亲子旅游评价总分为8.44分,达到优秀水平。结合实地访谈和专家复评验证,该分数贴近客观情况,表明该指标体系具有良好的可行性。     

土地整理效益评价——以湛江市丰收农场土地整理项目为例

土地整理效益评价是科学评价土地整理效果的依据.以广东省湛江市丰收农场土地整理项目为例,从经济、社会、生态三方面选取10个评价指标,采取层次分析法确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评价法对项目整理前后的各种效益进行评价与分析.结果表明,项目的实施为项目区带来了显著的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益和综合效益.     

城市化进程中郑州市区人居环境质量变化研究

随着城市化的快速发展,城市人居环境问题越来越受到人们的普遍关注。在广泛听取专家意见的基础上选取人居环境质量评价指标,建立了城市人居环境质量评价指标体系。该指标体系分5个方面,包括社会经济发展程度、环境优美程度、资源承载程度、生活便利程度和公共设施建设程度。通过对评价指标量化分级,利用层次分析法确定权重后,对郑州市区最近5年的人居环境质量进行了评价,运用灰色系统GM(1,1)模型对郑州市区的人居环境质量进行了预测。结果表明,郑州市的人居环境整体不高,但是在城市化进程中郑州市的人居环境一直呈正向发展。     

基于AHP-FCE的绿色房地产开发评价体系研究CSSCI

在充分理解绿色房地产开发内涵的基础上,结合我国国情,借鉴国内外绿色房地产有关研究成果,以绿色房地产企业和绿色建筑为考察重点,从环境、经济、社会三个维度,选取14个指标构建了绿色房地产开发评价指标体系。运用专家打分法和AHP方法确定各级指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法建立绿色房地产开发评价模型,并通过案例分析验证了评价体系的可行性,结合指标权重提出了实现绿色房地产开发的政策建议。     

干旱生态敏感区水电站环境影响后评价指标体系研究

针对干旱生态敏感区水电站环境影响后评价的要求,设计备选指标集,采用频次分析法进行指标初选,采用专家咨询法进行指标精选,建立由4项二级指标、14项三级指标构成的干旱生态敏感区水电站环境影响后评价指标体系,采用层次分析法给每个指标赋予权重.将该评价指标体系用于某水电站建设的实例分析,结果表明,水电站运行以来总体上有利影响大...     

基于AHP-FCE的绿色房地产开发评价体系研究

在充分理解绿色房地产开发内涵的基础上,结合我国国情,借鉴国内外绿色房地产有关研究成果,以绿色房地产企业和绿色建筑为考察重点,从环境、经济、社会三个维度,选取14个指标构建了绿色房地产开发评价指标体系。运用专家打分法和AHP方法确定各级指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法建立绿色房地产开发评价模型,并通过案例分析验证了评价体系的可行性,结合指标权重提出了实现绿色房地产开发的政策建议。     

番禺区可持续发展评价及其对策研究

本文通过建立番禺区可持续发展评价指标体系,运用主成份分析和独立性分析方法筛选出评价指标,确定各项指标的权重后,进行可持续发展评价.评价表明番禺区属平稳型可持续发展.通过辨析,找出制约地区发展的限制因子,提出可持续发展的对策.     

基于熵值法的城市土地集约利用评价——以徐州市为例

从社会、经济和生态环境三个方面对城市土地集约利用的内涵进行了界定，构建了城市土地集约利用评价指标体系，利用熵值法确定指标权重，采用综合加权法计算城市土地利用的集约度。比徐州市为例进行了实证研究。并对评价结果进行分析，提出了针对性的建议。     

鄂西南民族地区县域经济实力综合评价

从总量规模、人均水平、发展速度、发展潜力四个方面遴选18项指标,构建了县域经济实力评价指标体系。以湖北省平均水平为依据,确定了各项指标的基准值;借助专家咨询和层次分析方法确定了各项指标的权重,构建了县域经济实力评价模型。采用该模型对鄂西南民族地区10县(市)县域经济实力进行了评价,结果表明:恩施市、利川市、巴东县、五峰县的综合经济实力略高于全省平均水平,其他6县未达到全省平均水平。     

海洋石油开发工程环境影响后评价初探

环境影响后评价是环境影响评价的延伸和发展,将项目后评价的思想引入项目环境管理体系,发展了环境影响后评价的概念。目前环境影响后评价理论和方法体系尚处于发展初期的探索阶段。文章论述了建设项目环境后评价的概念、作用和评价原则及其与环境影响评价的区别,对海洋石油开发工程的环境影响及其影响后评价方法进行了探讨,并以北部湾油田开发工程作为实例进行了说明。     

An Overall Index of Environmental Quality in Coal Mining Areas and Energy Facilities

An approach to measuring environmental quality and trends in coal mining and industrial areas was attempted in this work. For this purpose, the establishment of a reference scale characterizing the status of environmental quality is proposed by developing an Environmental Quality Index (EQI). The methodology involves three main components: social research, the opinion of environmental experts, and the combination of new or existing indices. A survey of public opinion was carried out to identify the main environmental problems in the region of interest. Environmental experts carried out a survey, and the weights of specific environmental problems were obtained through a fuzzy Delphi method and pairwise comparison. The weight attributed to each environmental problem was computed, using new or existing indices (subindices) in the relevant literature. The EQI comprises a combination of the subindices with their own weights. The methodology was applied to a heavily industrialized coal basin in northwestern Macedonia, Greece. The results show that the new index may be used as a reliable tool for evaluating environmental quality in different areas. In addition, the study of EQI trends on an interannual basis can provide useful information on the efficiency of environmental policies already implemented by the responsible authorities.     

Combining Analytical Hierarchy Process and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering in Search of Expert Consensus in Green Corridors Development Management

Environmental management and planning are instrumental in resolving conflicts arising between societal needs for economic development on the one hand and for open green landscapes on the other hand. Allocating green corridors between fragmented core green areas may provide a partial solution to these conflicts. Decisions regarding green corridor development require the assessment of alternative allocations based on multiple criteria evaluations. Analytical Hierarchy Process provides a methodology for both a structured and consistent extraction of such evaluations and for the search for consensus among experts regarding weights assigned to the different criteria. Implementing this methodology using 15 Israeli experts—landscape architects, regional planners, and geographers—revealed inherent differences in expert opinions in this field beyond professional divisions. The use of Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering allowed to identify clusters representing common decisions regarding criterion weights. Aggregating the evaluations of these clusters revealed an important dichotomy between a pragmatist approach that emphasizes the weight of statutory criteria and an ecological approach that emphasizes the role of the natural conditions in allocating green landscape corridors.     

模糊综合评判在达州市环境空气质量评价中的应用

运用模糊综合评判的方法,选取二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物作为评价因子,参照我国环境空气质量标准,通过建立各污染物的隶属函数和权重集,计算出各污染物的隶属度和权重分配系数,进而对达州市空气质量进行模糊综合评判。并将模糊综合评判法与空气污染指数分析所得结果进行比较。     

焦化行业环境影响后评价探讨

环境影响后评价是环境影响评价的延伸和发展,同时也是提高环境影响评价有效性的重要手段。目前其理论和方法体系尚处于发展初期的探索阶段。本文针对焦化行业的产业特征,结合当前在焦化行业环境影响评价及环境管理中存在的问题,阐述了焦化项目环境影响后评价的必要性,并就后评价的内容及方法进行了探讨。     

MANAGEMENT OF A FOREIGN WATER-RESOURCES RESEARCH PROJECT

ABSTRACT The United Nations Food & Agricultural Organization in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government of El Salvador, Central America, recently completed a 3-year groundwater exploration, research and evaluation project in the lower basin of the Rio Grande de San Miguel. As no comprehensive water resources study had previously been conducted in El Salvador, this project served as a pilot example of a balanced, integrated, scientific approach to a regional evaluation. It combined surface and groundwater hydrology with surface geology, hydro-meteorology, and sub-surface exploration by means of drilling and geophysical techniques. This paper describes how the project was planned, financed, organized, implemented, conducted, and managed. It further describes inter-relationships between the geological and engineering phases carried out from 1961 to 1964, and the results of the field and laboratory research. Finally, this paper presents a summary of recommended groundwater and valley development programs, and discusses briefly post-project development programs resulting from the basic research.     

Restoring Ecological Integrity in Highly Regulated Rivers: The Role of Baseline Data and Analytical References

The goal of restoring ecological integrity in rivers is frequently accompanied by an assumption that a comparative reference reach can be identified to represent minimally impaired conditions. However, in many regulated rivers, no credible historical, morphological or process-based reference reach exists. Resilient restoration designs should instead be framed around naturalization, using multiple analytical references derived from empirically-calibrated field- and model-based techniques to develop an integrated ecological reference condition. This requires baseline data which are rarely collected despite increasing evidence for systematic deficiencies in restoration practice. We illustrate the utility of baseline data collection in restoration planning for the highly fragmented and regulated lower Merced River, California, USA. The restoration design was developed using various baseline data surveys, monitoring, and modeling within an adaptive management framework. Baseline data assisted in transforming conceptual models of ecosystem function into specific restoration challenges, defining analytical references of the expected relationships among ecological parameters required for restoration, and specifying performance criteria for post-project monitoring and evaluation. In this way the study is an example of process-based morphological restoration designed to prompt recovery of ecosystem processes and resilience. For the Merced River, we illustrate that project-specific baseline data collection is a necessary precursor in developing performance-based restoration designs and addressing scale-related uncertainties, such as whether periodic gravel augmentation will sustain bed recovery and whether piecemeal efforts will improve ecological integrity. Given the numerous impediments to full, historical, restoration in many river systems, it seems apparent that projects of naturalization are a critical step in reducing the deleterious impacts of fragmented rivers worldwide.     

宝鸡市生态城市建设评价

结合生态城市的相关理论和不同学者的研究,遵循生态城市评价指标选择的原则和研究区域的实际情况,从经济、社会和自然三方面建立了宝鸡市生态城市建设的评价指标体系。通过采用熵权法确定各评价指标的权值,对宝鸡市近几年的生态城市建设进行了简要评价。结果表明,2004—2008年宝鸡市的生态城市建设十分成功,但在集中力量建设生态环境的同时,忽略了对城市的经济建设,使宝鸡市的经济结构开始出现不合理现象。建议宝鸡市在大力建设生态城市的同时,要集中力量在经济建设方面,以达到自然、经济与社会和谐发展的目的。     

Fuzzy pricing for urban water resources: model construction and application

A rational water price system plays a crucial role in the optimal allocation of water resources. In this paper, a fuzzy pricing model for urban water resources is presented, which consists of a multi-criteria fuzzy evaluation model and a water resources price (WRP) computation model. Various factors affecting WRP are comprehensively evaluated with multiple levels and objectives in the multi-criteria fuzzy evaluation model, while the price vectors of water resources are constructed in the WRP computation model according to the definition of the bearing water price index, and then WRP is calculated. With the incorporation of an operator's knowledge, it considers iterative weights and subjective preference of operators for weight-assessment. The weights determined are more rational and the evaluation results are more realistic. Particularly, dual water supply is considered in the study. Different prices being fixed for water resources with different qualities conforms to the law of water resources value (WRV) itself. A high-quality groundwater price computation model is also proposed to provide optimal water allocation and to meet higher living standards. The developed model is applied in Jinan for evaluating its validity. The method presented in this paper offers some new directions in the research of WRP.     

Assessment of the benefits of climate model weights for ensemble analysis in three urban precipitation frequency studies

In hydrology, projected climate change impact assessment studies typically rely on ensembles of downscaled climate model outputs. Due to large modeling uncertainties, the ensembles are often averaged to provide a basis for studying the effects of climate change. A key issue when analyzing averages of a climate model ensemble is whether to weight all models in the ensemble equally, often referred to as the equal-weights or unweighted approach, or to use a weighted approach, where, in general, each model would have a different weight. Many studies have advocated for the latter, based on the assumption that models that are better at simulating the past, that is, the models with higher hindcast accuracy, will give more accurate forecasts for the future and thus should receive higher weights. To examine this issue, observed and modeled daily precipitation frequency (PF) estimates for three urban areas in the United States, namely Boston, Massachusetts; Houston, Texas; and Chicago, Illinois, were analyzed. The comparison used the raw output of 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The PFs from these models were compared with the observed PFs for a specific historical training period to determine model weights for each area. The unweighted and weighted averaged model PFs from a more recent testing period were then compared with their corresponding observed PFs to determine if weights improved the estimates. These comparisons indeed showed that the weighted averages were closer to the observed values than the unweighted averages in nearly all cases. The study also demonstrated how weights can help reduce model spread in future climate projections by comparing the unweighted and weighted ensemble standard deviations in these projections. In all studied scenarios, the weights actually reduced the standard deviations compared to the equal-weights approach. Finally, an analysis of the results' sensitivity to the areal reduction factor used to allow comparisons between point station measurements and grid-box averages is provided.