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通过对区位优势不明显,社会、经济和文化落后,但资源丰富的典型的欠发达县域凤庆县的实证研究,从思想观念、所有制结构、产业结构、基础建设、社会文化和经济,以及生态环境和农业基础等方面剖析了凤庆县经济不可持续发展的主要症结及原因,提出了该县经济可持续发展的总体思路,并作了对策探讨. 相似文献
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改革开放以来,中国县域经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,但各县域之间经济发展差距较大,落后县与先进县的差距有进一步拉大的趋势,县域经济发展存在很大的不平衡性,而发展失衡容易引发地区性社会风险.从经济规模、经济结构、社会民生和资源环境4个方面构建了由23个具体指标构成的县域经济发展失衡预警指标体系,在进行预警指标设计时重点关注了那些具有较强警戒作用的敏感性指标.此外,采用世界通行标准法和国内外文献综述法等多种方法界定了各预警指标的预警评判标准,为县域经济发展失衡程度的评判和预警提供了依据. 相似文献
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王超超李孝坤李赛男邓梦麒张怡王欣 《资源开发与市场》2015,(10):1174-1178
通过空间数据探索分析和传统统计分析相结合的方法,以县域为研究单元,探索分析了2004—2013年重庆市县域经济差异的时空格局演化。结果表明:1重庆市县域经济差异总体呈"抛物线"型变化,其中"1小时经济圈"的县域间经济差异和三大区域间的经济差异较大,渝东北翼、渝东南翼县域间经济差异较小;2县域经济发展水平的空间极化趋势明显,经济水平相似县域在空间上集聚,"1小时经济圈"的主城县域始终是经济发展高值聚类和热点区的核心地域,经济发展低值聚类和冷点区的县域在渝东北翼及渝东南翼集聚;3县域经济增长呈明显的空间极化现象,经济增长高值聚类和热点区县域在重庆主城区集聚,三大区域间经济增长不均衡。针对重庆市县域经济差异时空格局演化的结论及重庆城乡统筹区域一体化发展的要求提出了发展建议。 相似文献
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《资源开发与市场》2015,(10)
通过空间数据探索分析和传统统计分析相结合的方法,以县域为研究单元,探索分析了2004—2013年重庆市县域经济差异的时空格局演化。结果表明:1重庆市县域经济差异总体呈"抛物线"型变化,其中"1小时经济圈"的县域间经济差异和三大区域间的经济差异较大,渝东北翼、渝东南翼县域间经济差异较小;2县域经济发展水平的空间极化趋势明显,经济水平相似县域在空间上集聚,"1小时经济圈"的主城县域始终是经济发展高值聚类和热点区的核心地域,经济发展低值聚类和冷点区的县域在渝东北翼及渝东南翼集聚;3县域经济增长呈明显的空间极化现象,经济增长高值聚类和热点区县域在重庆主城区集聚,三大区域间经济增长不均衡。针对重庆市县域经济差异时空格局演化的结论及重庆城乡统筹区域一体化发展的要求提出了发展建议。 相似文献
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陕西省作为我国的旅游资源大省,通过着力发展比较优势明显的旅游产业来促进县域经济发展本是大势所趋,但目前旅游业与工农业发展的孤立性又是约束县域经济发展的一道"紧箍咒",如何在旅游大发展的背景下实现旅游产业与县域经济的互动发展具有极为重要的理论与实证意义.通过分析华阴市2002--2009年旅游产业对县域经济的贡献能力,切实考虑当前该市县域经济发展中存在的主要问题,从旅游产业的视角出发,归纳出陕西旅游资源丰富地区县域经济发展的模式,以期为陕西省县域经济的发展提供对策和建议. 相似文献
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就业问题在我国国民经济中占有非常重要的位置,是各级政府关注的焦点之一,也是维护社会和谐与稳定的关键措施之一。西方经济学者普遍认为经济增长是解决失业问题的最有效途径之一,而中国高速经济增长的同时还伴随着失业率的上升。基于2001—2011年中国1988个县的县域GDP和就业劳动力数量的面板数据构建了PVAR模型,并在此基础上进行了脉冲响应函数和方差分解分析,以考察县域经济与就业两者之间的动态关系。实证结果表明,县域经济增长并不能带动县域就业的增加;相反,县域经济增长对劳动力就业有微弱的抑制作用。从要素贡献角度看,就业劳动力是经济增长的因素之一,但对县域经济增长的作用较微弱。 相似文献
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辛璐君 《环境保护与循环经济》2024,(1):107-110
县域经济是国民经济的基本单元,推进县域生态环境保护工作是发展县域经济的战略要点之一,是落实“五位一体”总体布局的具体体现。从生态产业发展、生态系统修复、生态环境治理以及生态文化培育等方面,分析广西在推进县域生态环境保护工作过程中面临的困难,提出发展生态产业、助力县域经济,重视生态系统修复、保持生态功能,坚持污染防治、改善生态环境,创新生态文化、促进传承与发展等相关举措,为县域经济社会高质量发展闯出新路子提供生态环境保障。 相似文献
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A. U. Mallik 《Environmental management》1995,19(5):675-684
Fire and logging in nutrient-poor temperate forests with certain ericaceous understory plants may convert the forests into
heaths. The process of disturbance-induced heath formation is documented by using examples ofCalluna in western Europe,Kalmia in Newfoundland, andGaultheria (salal) in coastal British Columbia. In a cool, temperate climate, rapid vegetative growth ofCalluna, Kalmia, and salal following disturbance results in increasing organic accumulation (paludification), nutrient sequestration, soil
acidification, and allelochemicals. These are thought to be the main reasons to conifer regeneration failure in disturbed
habitats.
If continuation in forest is a land-use objective, then temperate forests with an ericaceous understory should not be logged
unless effective silvicultural methods are devised to control the ericaceous plants and restore forest regeneration. Preharvest
vegetation control may be considered as an option. Failure to control the understory plants may lead to a long-term vegetation
shift, from forest to heathland, particularly in nutrient-poor sites. Successful methods of controllingKalmia andGaultheria, however, have yet to be developed. While theKalmia- andGaultheria- dominated heathlands are undesirable in Canada and the Pacific Northwest, a wide range ofCalluna heathlands of western Europe are being conserved as natural and seminatural vegetation. 相似文献
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Pickett ST Cadenasso ML Grove JM Boone CG Groffman PM Irwin E Kaushal SS Marshall V McGrath BP Nilon CH Pouyat RV Szlavecz K Troy A Warren P 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):331-362
Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs. 相似文献
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Justin D. Burdine 《Local Environment》2018,23(2):198-219
Urban gardens are important sources of sustenance for communities with limited access to food. Hence, this study focuses on food production in gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area in Northwest Ohio. We administered surveys to 150 garden managers from November 2014 to February 2015 in our attempt to better understand how neighbourhood racial composition and poverty levels are related to staffing and voluntarism, food production and distribution, the development of infrastructure, and the adoption of sustainability practices in urban gardens. The results from 30 gardens are presented in this paper. We used Geographic Information Systems to map the gardens and overlay the map with 2010 census data so that we could conduct demographic analyses of the neighbourhoods in which the gardens were located. Though the gardens were small – two acres or less – up to 46 varieties of food were grown in a single garden. Gardens also operated on small budgets. Food from the gardens was gifted or shared with friends, family, and neighbourhood residents. Gardens in predominantly minority neighbourhoods tended to have fewer institutional partners, less garden infrastructure, and had adopted fewer sustainable practices than gardens in predominantly White neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, residents of predominantly minority and high-poverty neighbourhoods participated in garden activities and influenced garden operations. Volunteering and staffing were racialised and gendered. 相似文献
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Collisions with deer and other large animals are increasing, and the resulting economic costs and risks to public safety have made mitigation measures a priority for both city and wildlife managers. We created landscape models to describe and predict deer-vehicle collision (DVCs) within the City of Edmonton, Alberta. Models based on roadside characteristics revealed that DVCs occurred frequently where roadside vegetation was both denser and more diverse, and that DVCs were more likely to occur when the groomed width of roadside right-of-ways was smaller. No DVCs occurred where the width of the vegetation-free or manicured roadside buffer was greater than 40 m. Landscape-based models showed that DVCs were more likely in more heterogeneous landscapes where road densities were lower and speed limits were higher, and where non-forested vegetation such as farmland was in closer proximity to larger tracts of forest. These models can help wildlife and transportation managers to identify locations of high collision frequency for mitigation. Modifying certain landscape and roadside habitats can be an effective way to reduce deer-vehicle collisions. 相似文献
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Using Paleo Reconstructions to Improve Streamflow Forecast Lead Time in the Western United States 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christopher Carrier Ajay Kalra Sajjad Ahmad 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(6):1351-1366
In water stressed regions, water managers are exploring new horizons that would help in long‐range streamflow forecasts. Oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence streamflow variability. In this study, long‐lead time streamflow forecasts are made using a multiclass kernel‐based data‐driven support vector machine (SVM) model. The extended streamflow records based on tree ring reconstructions were used to provide a longer time series data. Reconstructed data were used from 1658 to 1952 and the instrumental record was used from 1953 to 2007. Reconstructions for oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations included the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. Streamflow forecasts using all four oscillations were made with one‐year to five‐year lead times for 21 gages in the western United States. This is the first study that uses both instrumental and reconstructed data of oscillations in SVM model to improve streamflow forecast lead time. SVM model was able to provide “satisfactory” to “very good” forecasts with one‐ to five‐year lead time for the selected gages. The use of all the oscillation indices helped in achieving better predictability compared to using individual oscillations. The SVM modeling results are better when compared with multiple linear regression model forecasts. The findings are statistical in nature and are expected to be useful for long‐term water resources planning and management. 相似文献
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Donald L. Chery Calvin G. Clyde Roger E. Smith 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(4):1126-1145
ABSTRACT: Mathematical models for predicting watershed surface flow responses are available, most of which are elaborate nonlinear numerical surface and channel flow models linked with infiltration models. Such models may be used to make predictions for ungaged areas, assuming an acceptable fitting of the model to the topography and roughness of the real system. For some application purposes, these models are impractical because of their complexity and expensive computer solutions. A procedure is developed that uses a complex model of an ungaged area to derive a simpler parametric nonlinear system model for repetitious simulation with input sequences. The predicted flow outputs are obtained with the simpler model at significant savings of money and time. The procedures for constructing a complex kinematic model of a 40 acre (161,880 m2) reference watershed and deriving the simpler system model are outlined. The results of predictions from both models are compared with a selected set of measured events, all having essentially the same initial conditions. Peak discharges ranged from 3 to 118 ft3/sec (0.085 to 3.34 m3/sec), which includes the largest event of record. The inherent limitations of lumped systems models are demonstrated, including the bias caused by their inability to model infiltration losses after rainfall ceases. Computer costs and times for the models were compared. The derived simple model has a cost advantage when repeated use of a model is required. Such an applications hydrologic model has an engineering tradeoff of reduced accuracy, and lumping bias, but is more economical for certain design purposes. 相似文献
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Calvin P. C. Poon Frank J. DeLuise 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1967,3(4):26-35
Manganese entering impounded water will undergo a cyclic transformation. Oxidation precipitates manganese from top waters. At the bottom of the lake, biological activity will render manganese soluble by both intracellular as well as extracellular activity. The study was made to demonstrate that biological reduction and transformation, organometallic complexation, together with the presence of carbon dioxide and the lowering of pH all have some effect on the solubility of manganese. Dissolved manganese may be brought back to top waters during the lake overturn and therefore deteriorates the water quality. 相似文献
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Water treatment residuals (WTR) can reduce runoff P loss and surface co-application of P-sources and WTR is a practical way of land applying the residuals. In a rainfall simulation study, we evaluated the effects of surface co-applied P-sources and an Al-WTR on runoff and leacheate bioavailable P (BAP) losses from a Florida sand. Four P-sources, namely poultry manure, Boca Raton biosolids (high water-soluble P), Pompano biosolids (moderate water-soluble P), and triple super phosphate (TSP) were surface applied at 56 and 224kgPha(-1) (by weight) to represent low and high soil P loads typical of P- and N-based amendments rates. The treatments further received surface applied WTR at 0 or 10gWTRkg(-1) soil. BAP loss masses were greater in leachate (16.4-536mg) than in runoff (0.91-46mg), but were reduced in runoff and leachate by surface applied WTR. Masses of total BAP lost in the presence of surface applied WTR were less than approximately 75% of BAP losses in the absence of WTR. Total BAP losses from each of the organic sources applied at N-based rates were not greater than P loss from TSP applied at a P-based rate. The BAP loss at the N-based rate of moderate water-soluble P-source (Pompano biosolids) was not greater than BAP losses at the P-based rates of other organic sources tested. The hazards of excess P from applying organic P-sources at N-based rates are not greater than observed at P-based rates of mineral fertilizer. Results suggest that management of the environmental P hazards associated with N-based rates of organic materials in Florida sands is possible by either applying P-sources with WTR or using a moderate water-soluble P-source. 相似文献
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Sources and Transport of Phosphorus to Rivers in California and Adjacent States,U.S., as Determined by SPARROW Modeling
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Joseph Domagalski Dina Saleh 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(6):1463-1486
The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes) model was used to simulate annual phosphorus loads and concentrations in unmonitored stream reaches in California, U.S., and portions of Nevada and Oregon. The model was calibrated using de‐trended streamflow and phosphorus concentration data at 80 locations. The model explained 91% of the variability in loads and 51% of the variability in yields for a base year of 2002. Point sources, geological background, and cultivated land were significant sources. Variables used to explain delivery of phosphorus from land to water were precipitation and soil clay content. Aquatic loss of phosphorus was significant in streams of all sizes, with the greatest decay predicted in small‐ and intermediate‐sized streams. Geological sources, including volcanic rocks and shales, were the principal control on concentrations and loads in many regions. Some localized formations such as the Monterey shale of southern California are important sources of phosphorus and may contribute to elevated stream concentrations. Many of the larger point source facilities were located in downstream areas, near the ocean, and do not affect inland streams except for a few locations. Large areas of cultivated land result in phosphorus load increases, but do not necessarily increase the loads above those of geological background in some cases because of local hydrology, which limits the potential of phosphorus transport from land to streams. 相似文献
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Darryl Macer 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1997,10(3):249-267
The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that
we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals,
and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships
between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy
and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia
and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan,
New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there
were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand.
Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness
to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献