Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

中国田鼠卵巢细胞自发和亚硫酸氢钠诱发突变的gpt基因分子分析

采用标准的突变细胞克隆技术、PCR及DNA序列分析方法研究了二氧化硫在体内的衍生物—亚硫酸氢钠对CHO－AS52细胞gpt基因的致突变作用。实验结果表明,高浓度的亚硫酸氢钠能诱发该基因发生突变,且其突变频率随该化学物浓度的增加而增高。PCR分析指出,在CHO－AS52细胞自发的、5mmol/L和10mmol/L亚硫酸氢钠诱发的突变体中,gpt基因完全缺失者所占比率分别为36.00％、44.00％及65.00％。对10mmol/L亚硫酸氢钠诱发的非缺失型gpt基因突变的PCR产物直接进行DNA序列分析表明,在5个突变细胞克隆中,有1个发生基因的碱基置换型和移码型突变,其余4个突变细胞克隆的gpt基因结构未发现改变,其碱基的改变可能发生在基因启动子区。     

中国产品生命周期影响评价方法研究

讨论了确定中国产品生命周期影响评价所需的标准化基准和权重的确定方法和程序，包括产品系统环境影响潜值计算，数据标准化，加权评估 以及计算环境影响负荷和资源耗竭系数4个步骤。标准化基准采用1990年中国人均环境影响总潜值来表达，而权重采用1990年的基准与2000年中国政府的削减目标所估算的基准之间的比值计算。     

中国生命周期参考数据库的建立方法与基础模型

缺乏完善的本地化LCA(Life Cycle Assessment)数据库是国内广泛开展LCA研究与应用的主要障碍.本文总结提出了建立中国生命周期参考数据库(Chinese Reference Life Cycle Database,CLCD)的基本方法,包括环境影响类型与物质名录的选择、单元过程清单数据的收集与审核、生命周期清单数据的建模与计算、CLCD数据库的建立等4个方面.按照上述方法,以电力、煤炭、燃油、运输等基础性产品为核心,初步建立了可扩展的中国基础工业系统的生命周期模型,收集了单元过程的全国平均清单数据,通过模型计算获得了这些基础性产品的生命周期清单数据,从而得到了CLCD基础数据库,为下一步扩展为更完善的CLCD数据库提供了方法与模型基础.     

胞外多聚物在好氧颗粒化中的作用机理

在上流式反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥,研究胞外多聚物在好氧颗粒污泥中的作用.结果表明,胞外多聚物有机组成中蛋白质与总糖的比值在颗粒污泥形成过程中增加了近2.5倍,它是影响颗粒污泥形成的重要因素.蛋白质与总糖比值增加,则污泥表面负电荷降低、疏水性增加,有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成和稳定.     

淀山湖水生态系统的物质循环

为了解淀山湖水生态系统中氮、磷的循环过程与特征,于1990～1995年间在全湖布设的25个样点上调查、测定了淀山湖水生态系统中各营养级的种类组成、生物量、生产力,以及水质和底质情况;并估算了淀山湖氮、磷的主要输入与输出途径和数量。根据湖中生物体内氮、磷的含量建立了淀山湖水生态系统内氮、磷循环模式。氮、磷输入、输出统计表明,磷基本平衡,氮每年约有117.72t积累在湖中。淀山湖目前仍以有机污染为主,处在中营养向富营养湖泊的过渡阶段。各类水生生物对于维持淀山湖水生态系统的物质平衡具有重要作用。     

Pinealectomy and photoperiod influence testicular development in the djungarian hamster

The Science of Nature -     

中国铝生命周期能耗与碳排放的情景分析及减排对策

铝工业是高能耗高排放工业,探索铝工业的节能减排路径有助于我国实现《巴黎协定》中的温室气体减排承诺.采用物质流分析和生命周期评价方法,基于存量水平、技术水平和能源结构设置了15种情景,研究了我国铝工业1990～2100年的能耗和碳排放量,探索不同路径下的节能减排潜力.我国铝在用存量将在2040～2050年达到峰值(4.6...     

Comparative toxicity study of a novel non-ionic surfactant, vanillin ethoxylates, and nonylphenol ethoxylates in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro

Surfactants such as alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) are commonly used worldwide, but the majority of these compounds, together with their metabolites, have been reported to induce severe biological toxicity. Here, we evaluated for the first time the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells caused by a novel non-ionic surfactant, vanillin ethoxylates (VAEOs), an alternative to APEOs. In parallel, the same in vitro bioassays were conducted on NPEOs along with their metabolic byproducts 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and vanillin. The results showed that the cytotoxic potency order was NPEOs?>?4-NP?>?VAEOs > vanillin using CCK-8 assays. Also, 4-NP showed potential direct DNA damage in SOS/umu tests, whereas NPEOs, VAEOs and vanillin showed no positive result with and without S9 addition. In addition, none of the test compounds showed obvious genotoxic effects with low olive tail moment value using comet assays. However, all test compounds were shown to cause mitochondrial impairment by increasing mitochondrial mass and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. And further analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MNSOD) measurement showed that mitochondrial impairment was induced by oxidative stress with intracellular ROS and MNSOD overproduction. It's worth noting that VAEOs and vanillin cause relative lower cytotoxic, genotoxic and mitochondrial damage effects than NPEOs and 4-NP, indicating that VAEOs have the potential to substitute NPEOs as suitable surfactants. Take together, this study elucidates the toxicity profiles of VAEOs and NPEOs relatively comprehensively, and further toxicity analyses are suggested in the population, community and ecosystem.