炼油污水处理场硫化氢产生原因分析及预防措施

分析了炼油污水场产生硫化氢的原因,通过对炼油污水场各单元硫化氢浓度监测,普查出污水场硫化氢分布,辨析出重大硫化氢危险源,采取对产生硫化氢的危险源密闭收集处理、日常防硫化氢中毒教育、重大风险点改造等治理措施,避免硫化氢对人体伤害及环境污染。     

法国实验用柳树林净化污水

柳树长势随意、弯曲不定，往往不成材而多半作为取暖用材。近些年科学家发现柳树具有降解污水中污染物质的功能。法国新近开辟一块柳树林作为污水净化实验地，成为继美国、澳大利亚、新西兰和瑞典之后利用柳树作净化污水实验的国家。这片特殊的柳树林建在法国北方的阿斯克新城的污水净化站旁，面积约3hm2，那里生长着上万株柳树苗。人们很难想象再过一年这些柳树不仅能净化污水而且还能长成5m高的大树，那又粗又壮的树枝是取暖用的理想木材。根据欧美其他国家的经验，净化站输送来的含有硝酸盐和磷酸盐污染物的水在流入潜水层前就将其中的污…     

强化污水净化的新方向

工业的发展,城市和乡镇的增长与扩大,导致污水数量显著增加,因而要求更多地建筑净化站,并需要动用巨额资金和占用大面积的土地。在科学技术进步的基础上,在加快社会经济发展的现阶段,完成这项任务,要求对现有污水净化技术及其所利用的设施给与重新考虑。所以,强     

我国红树林净化污水研究进展

红树林具有净化污水的潜能,我国在20世纪80年代中期开始以污染生态学为理论依据进行红树林净化污水的研究.国内红树林净化污水研究主要包括两方面内容,一是研究污水排放对红树林的影响,包括重金属污水、含油废水、生活污水等不同类型污水排放对红树林生长、生理生态、红树林沉积物、林区藻类等的影响;二是研究红树林净化污水的效能,包括红树林累积、吸收和对污水中污染物的净化能力、净化效果的研究.主要从以上两个方面,综述了国内红树林净化污水的研究进展,以期为红树林净化污水的进一步研究和应用提供参考.     

文化铸魂管理谋赢团队聚力"五星级站库"再展新姿——记河南油田采油二厂稠油联合站

河南油田采油二厂稠油联合站是一座集原油处理、原油外输、污水污泥处理、净化污水回注等为一体的大型现代化站库,是河南油田"甲级防火,一级防爆"的重点要害部位,担负着年60万吨的原油处理和集输任务.     

压缩天然气加气母站安全评价中若干问题的探讨

针对加气母站安全评价中存在的安全许可方式分类、设计适用标准选择、消防系统设计、移动重大危险源辨识等方面的问题进行了分析和探讨,提出了一些参考性的想法和建议,以便更好地统一和规范加气母站的安全评价工作。     

法国尝试用柳树净化污水

柳树长势随意,弯曲不定,往往不成材,多半作为取暖的木材,但是近些年科学家发现了柳树具有过滤污水的环保功能,法国新近就开辟了一块污水柳树林作为实验田,成为继美国、澳大利亚、新西兰和瑞典之后,第五个开展利用柳树做净化污水实验的国家。这片特殊的柳树林建在法国北方的阿斯克新城的污水净化站旁边,面积约3公顷,田里生长着上万株柳树幼苗,人们很难想象再过一年这些柳树不仅能净化污水,而且还能长成五米高的大树,那又粗又壮的树枝不愧是取暖用的理想木     

陕北气田含醇污水综合治理室内实验研究

陕北气田生产中大多采用甲醇抑制水合物的形成,一部分甲醇溶于水相形成了含醇污水。含醇污水中的甲醇需回收循环使用,以降低天然气的生产成本。该含醇污水水质特点是矿化度非常高,油分和机械杂质含量也较高,pH值较低,同时溶解有一定量的CO2及O2,因此在甲醇回收装置运行中经常出现管线、设备腐蚀穿孔、精馏塔结垢堵塞等现象,严重影响装置的安全运行。针对以上问题在此提出用絮凝/缓蚀阻垢技术综合治理陕北气田含醇污水,含醇污水经处理后,总铁、H2S、机杂、油分含量大为降低;含醇污水对碳钢腐蚀速率可控制在0.15 mm/a以下,阻垢率达到100%,可以完全解决陕北气田含醇污水甲醇回收处理过程中存在的结垢、腐蚀、堵塞等问题。     

食用菌菌丝对校园生活污水净化效果研究

采用平菇菌丝体对校园生活污水进行净化处理,通过测定净化过程中生活污水p H、COD、BOD5、总磷、总氮的变化,探索食用菌菌丝对校园生活污水的净化作用。结果表明:食用菌菌丝体对校园生活污水净化有一定的效果,生活污水中的COD和BOD5去除率分别达到79. 91%、91. 55%,但对校园生活污水中总氮和总磷的去除效果不理想;平菇菌丝体的接种量对校园生活污水的净化效果有一定的影响,本实验选择菌丝体3个接种量:3%、5%、10%对生活污水的净化效果表现为3% 5% 10%。     

基于安全理念的长春市重大危险源控制规划研究

重大危险源控制规划与城市规划紧密结合,不仅是科学建设城市的要求,也是维护社会稳定的要求.通过对长春市现状居住用地布局、工业用地布局、仓储用地布局、燃气工程及加油站等概况及存在的安全隐患进行分析,根据城市规划和管理的需要,从城市的安全功能区划、重大危险源辨识、重大危险源安全规划对象、风险评价、风险控制等方面,提出了长春市重大危险源控制规划编制工作的迫切性及研究内容.将重大危险源的布局结合在城市规划当中,一方面可以使城市规划充分考虑重大危险源的安全问题,另一方面能够从规划层面上减小重大危险源对人民生命财产安全造成的危害.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Elevated CO2 changes the moderate shade tolerance of yellow birch seedlings

To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight)×2 CO2 levels (350 and 700±10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.     

基于EPMA的背角无齿蚌贝壳中元素分布的初步研究

应用电子显微探针元素分析技术,对背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana）的贝壳（棱柱层和珍珠层）进行了19种元素（Ag、Al、Au、Ca、Co、Cu、Fe、Hf、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Re、Se、Sn、Sr、Tl、V、Zn）分布特征的初步研究.元素面分布分析和定量线分析结果均直观而明显地表明：贝壳中Ca含量最高,Hf、Re、Mn、Al、Co、Fe、Sr、Cu和Na的含量较低,而Au、Mg、Tl、Zn、Sn、Ag、V、Mo和Se的含量甚少.Mn在珍珠层的分布高于棱柱层,壳顶区域的珍珠层的含量（0.087±0.045）%显著高于棱柱层（0.030±0.025）%（P<0.05）,腹缘区域的珍珠层的含量（0.072±0.055）%亦显著高于棱柱层（0.044±0.025）%（P<0.05）,而其余元素在贝壳中均匀分布.     

青岛近海不同天气状况下大气气溶胶中金属元素浓度分布特征研究

为探究青岛近海不同天气下气溶胶中金属元素的浓度分布特征,于2012年4~5月,2012年8月~2013年3月在青岛近海采集了总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICPAES)分析了主要微量金属元素.结果表明,Al、Ca、Fe、Na、K和Mg是TSP中主要的金属元素,质量浓度占所测元素总浓度的94.2%.TSP及金属元素浓度月变化明显,Fe、Al、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Ba、Mn、Ti、Sr和Li均在11月和1月浓度最高,Be、Sc、Co、Ni和Cr在1月最高,Na在8、11和2月较高,12月最低,Pb在1月和2月最高,8月和12月最低.富集因子表明Be、Co、Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Sr和Ti主要受自然源影响,Li、Cr、Ni、Zn、Ba和Na除受自然源外,还受部分人为源影响,Pb主要来自人为源.不同天气状况对TSP及其金属元素浓度影响较大,除Ti外,所测元素浓度均在烟雾天最高.与晴天相比,烟雾天除Ti外,其余元素均升高,增幅为1~4倍,雾天Li、Be、Cr、Ni、Al、Fe、Mg和Mn变化不大,Pb和Na升高较多,Co、Ca和Ti降低较多,霾天Cr、Co和Ti降低,其余元素浓度升高,增幅为1~3倍.大部分元素在晴天富集因子最小,雾天富集因子最大.Ni、Zn、Ba、K、Na、Pb和Sr富集因子为晴<霾<烟雾<雾,Fe和Mn为晴<烟雾<霾<雾,Al和Mg为晴<雾<霾<烟雾,其余金属不同天气下富集因子的变化规律各不相同.     

Toxicity assessing for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.     

Environmental chemical study on the marsh of Fatimid cemetery at Aswan City,Egypt

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彭佳屿岛春季TSP中痕量金属组成及其来源解析

通过大气环流向海洋大气边界层传输的人为源和陆源物质,明显改变了海洋气溶胶中痕量金属的组成.但基于开阔海域岛屿连续观测研究海洋气溶胶中痕量金属元素组成及其来源的研究较少.2010年3—5月在我国台湾北部东海海域彭佳屿岛采集了60个TSP（总悬浮颗粒物）样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析了19种痕量金属（Al、Fe、Ti、Y、Mn、Ba、Sr、Co、Cr、V、Ni、Tl、Zn、Sn、Pb、As、Cd、Sb、Se）的质量浓度.基于TSP中Al浓度、气团后向轨迹分析和美国国家宇航局CALIPSO卫星星载激光雷达扫描图像,将采集的TSP分为非沙尘TSP（不受沙尘影响的TSP）和沙尘TSP（受沙尘影响的TSP）.沙尘TSP中所有痕量金属的浓度都高于非沙尘TSP,表明沙尘对彭佳屿岛TSP中痕量金属有贡献.结合富集因子、相关性分析和PMF模型研究结果表明,彭佳屿岛春季非沙尘TSP中Al、Fe、Ti和Y主要来源于地壳矿物,Mn、Ba、Sr、Co和Cr同时受地壳矿物和人为源的影响;沙尘TSP中Al、Fe、Ti、Y、Mn、Ba、Sr、Co和Cr主要来源于地壳矿物.V和Ni在彭佳屿岛春季非沙尘TSP中主要来源于燃料油燃烧,而在沙尘TSP中同时受燃料油燃烧和地壳矿物的影响.非沙尘TSP和沙尘TSP中,Tl、Zn、As、Sn、Pb、Cd、Sb和Se的来源相似.Tl主要源于交通和煤燃烧,Zn、Sn、Pb、Cd和Sb同时来源于交通、煤和燃料油燃烧,As主要来源于煤燃烧,Se则主要来源于煤和燃料油燃烧.研究显示,人为源释放到大气中的Tl、Zn、As、Sn、Pb、Cd、Sb和Se可以通过大气环流长距离传输至开阔海域.      

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (?_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have beenwidely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (f_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, andmosswas long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably themain source of DP.