南充市空气中可吸入颗粒物污染水平分析

本文在连续1年又5个月同步采样的基础上，测得南充市市辖三城区5个采样监测点环境空气中PM10的浓度及其时空变化进行了分析。结果表明，PM10的日平均浓度范围为0．020～1．030mg／m^3，超标率达38．0％；周日均浓度在0.040～0．520mg／m^3之间，超标率达到了37．8％。空气污染最重为嘉陵城区，其次为高坪城区，再次为石油学院、炼油厂和市府二院。浓度季节变化特征表现为冬季最高，其次为秋季，再次为春季，最轻为夏季。     

浅谈大气中可吸入颗粒物的变化规律

对大气中的PM10随季节、时间、及气象条件的变化规律做以总结,呈现“冬重夏轻”的特点,日变化为双峰结构,在北方具有代表性和典型性。     

南充市大气PM10污染水平的分布特征

本文对南充市环境监测站2002年城区5个监测点的PM10监测资料进行了分析。结果发现南充市大气污染物PM10污染严重，并存在明显的空间和季节差异。嘉陵环保局测点污染最严重，西南石油学院和炼油厂测点污染相对较轻；冬季污染最严重，夏季污染程度最小。最后，结合其他相关资料，对造成上述状况的原因作了探讨。     

可吸入颗粒物(PM10)空间特点与城市热岛格局的关系分析

采用成都市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)小时浓度的空间分布实例,结合NOAA/AVHRR(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)遥感数据所获的城市热岛温度场格局图,结果发现:下午环形热岛出现时城市中心区的PM10浓度较低,二、三环路附近的浓度相对较高,城区西南部尤其明显。分析认为,环形热岛改变了城市近地层的温度场和流场结构,在城郊结合部造成"双重循环",容易导致污染物在这些地方聚集。     

雾霾天气宝鸡市区空气中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)污染状况研究

目的:研究宝鸡市城区雾霾期和非雾霾期PM10、PM2.5的质量浓度变化以及比例关系,为宝鸡的雾霾治理提供技术支撑。方法:在宝鸡市监测站院子设点对PM10、PM2.5分别进行雾霾期和非雾霾期2h段对比监测,结合气象条件进行相关分析,总结规律。结果:PM2.5、PM10质量浓度雾霾期高于非雾霾期。结论:总结了不同时段PM10、PM2.5质量浓度和二者比例关系,为以后的研究和环境管理提供参考。     

嘉兴市环境空气中PM2.5和PM10的时空分布特征

以 2017—2020 年嘉兴市范围内环境空气自动监测站的监测数据为基础,分析了嘉兴市 PM_2.5和 PM₁₀的时空分布特征,结果表明,嘉兴市 PM_2.5和 PM₁₀浓度逐年改善。从季节分布看,PM_2.5和 PM₁₀浓度均表现为冬春季高、夏秋季低,冬季质量浓度分别为 48,77 μg/m³,夏季质量浓度分别为 22,35 μg/m³;在月尺度上,大体呈两头高、中间低的“U”形分布;在周尺度上,存在明显的“周末效应”,即污染物浓度休息日低于工作日。从空间分布看,PM_2.5和 PM₁₀的浓度分布呈“东低西高”的特点。全局空间自相关分析表明,PM_2.5的全局相关性不显著,PM₁₀全局表现为较强正相关性。局部空间自相关分析表明,嘉兴市区 PM_2.5表现为高—低聚集,嘉善县PM₁₀表现为高—低...     

乌鲁木齐市硫酸盐化速率浓度水平的时空分布特征

以2005-2009年乌鲁木齐市城市硫酸盐化速率数据为依据,研究了乌鲁木齐市城市硫酸盐化速率的浓度水平和变化规律,并用Arc-Gis绘出了乌鲁木齐市硫酸盐化速率的空间分布图,分析探讨了防治措施。     

成都市大气颗粒物工业和民用污染源的调查分析与对策

针对成都市大气中颗粒物污染现状,对烟(粉)尘排放的来源,烟(粉)尘排放的重点行业,烟(粉)尘排放的分布地区做了调查,并结合颗粒物污染的分布区域对照分析,提出了相应对策。     

成雅高速公路两侧大气颗粒物中重金属分布规律研究

本文以成雅高速公路为研究对象,采集公路两侧大气颗粒物样品,通过微波消解——火焰原子吸收法测定大气颗粒物中铅、镉、铜、锌的含量。研究表明,成雅公路两侧距路肩200m范围内大气颗粒物已受不同程度的铅、镉、铜、锌污染,其中重金属含量Pb〉Zn〉Cu〉Cd,并获得成雅高速公路两侧大气颗粒物中重金属污染的分布规律。     

Analysis of Roadside Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10) in Major Korean Cities

A data analysis of three major Korean cities was conducted to assess roadside inhalable particulate matter 10 μm or smaller in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), including temporal and meteorological variations, over a recent period of 4 to 6 years. The yearly roadside PM₁₀ concentrations presented a well-defined increasing trend or no trend depending on the roadside monitoring station. Most mean values exceeded or approximated the Korean standard of 70 μg/m³ per year for PM₁₀. A representative roadside diurnal trend was characterized by a distinct morning maximum. In most cases, the Sunday roadside concentrations were similar to or somewhat lower than the weekday concentrations, and the PM₁₀ concentrations presented a well-defined seasonal variation, with the maximum concentration in March. The monthly maximum concentrations observed in March were most likely attributable to Asian dust storms. In two metropolitan cities (Seoul and Busan), the frequency of days with roadside PM₁₀ concentrations exceeding the standard of 150μg/m³ per 24 h was much lower for the roadside monitoring stations than for the residential monitoring station, whereas in the third city (Daegu), this result was reversed. Interestingly, the average maximum concentrations observed for the roadside sites in Seoul and Busan during March were higher than those for the residential sites, suggesting that the roadside concentrations responded more to the dust storms than the residential areas. The relationship between the pollutant concentrations and five important meteorological parameters (solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) showed that the number and type of meteorological variables included in the equations varied according to the monitoring station or season. Finally, the current results confirmed that attention should be given to the PM₁₀ exposure of residents living near roadways.     

Granulometric and Metal Distributions for Post‐Katrina Surficial Particulate Matter Recovered From New Orleans1

Bhadha, Jehangir H., Casey Schmidt, Robert Rooney, Paul Indeglia, Ruben Kertesz, Elizabeth Bevc, and John Sansalone, 2009. Granulometric and Metal Distributions for Post‐Katrina Surficial Particulate Matter Recovered From New Orleans. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1434‐1447. Abstract: Hurricane Katrina and the resulting failure of the levees that surrounded and protected New Orleans generated a significant detained volume of stormwater within the urban area of New Orleans. Between the inundation resulting from levee failure and eventual pumped evacuation of stormwater from the urban area of New Orleans, a large mass of storm‐entrained particulate matter (PM) was deposited in the inundated areas. This study examined the granulometry and granulometric distribution of metals for post‐Katrina surficial PM deposits recovered from 15 sites (10 inundated and 5 non‐inundated) in New Orleans. Results of this examination were compared to pre‐Katrina data from New Orleans. While post‐Katrina analysis of PM indicates that Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations for PM are reduced for all sites, inundated sites had higher Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations for the settleable (～25‐75 μm) and sediment (>75 μm) size fractions. A comparison between total metal concentration and the bioavailable (leachable) fraction for PM reveals that inundated sites had up to 19% higher leachable metal concentration compared to non‐inundated sites. The reduction in PM‐bound total metal concentrations for recovered PM can be explained through a combination of scouring (and therefore change in granulometry from pre‐Katrina) that resulted from transport of suspended PM by storm flows and pumped evacuation; as well as leaching and PM‐based redistribution from extended contact with rainfall and during stormwater detention. New Orleans has been exposed to elevated levels of metals through decades of activities that include vehicular transportation, chemical, industrial, and oil production facilities resulting in higher metal concentrations for urban soil‐residual complexes. As a result, the influent storm flows associated with Katrina as an episodic event cannot solely explain the distribution and fate of PM‐associated metal concentrations.     

大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征及防治对策

介绍了大港油田大气颗粒物和多环芳烃的污染现状,并对大港油田地区大气特征构成及大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征作了初步分析,得出大港油田地区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染类型为燃油型,并据此提出了防治多环芳烃污染的相应对策。     

用β射线衰减法测定颗粒物的准确性和有效性验证

通过在线监测系统用β射线衰减法测定空气中颗粒物的工作原理、测试数据准确性和有效性。将参比采样器监测数据(重量法)与相应的自动采样器监测数据(β射线衰减法)进行不确定评估和平行性、线性回归分析验证。从而得出,在线监测系统用β射线衰减法测定空气中颗粒物时有较好的线性关系,监测数据准确、可靠,具有一定推广价值。同时,为提高环境监测能力、加强环境执法监管提供可靠依据。     

长沙市城区典型交通路口PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)污染特征研究

利用车载环境空气质量监测系统对长沙市城区典型交通路口的近地面空气质量进行了实时监测。结果表明,在监测时段(14∶00~20∶00)内,该监测点环境空气中PM10的小时质量浓度范围在0.097~0.222mg/m3之间,平均值0.163mg/m3;PM2.5的小时质量浓度范围在0.050~0.158mg/m3之间,平均值0.103mg/m3。PM2.5/PM10比值在48.1%~76.6%之间,平均值62.4%。PM10与PM2.5质量浓度在星期一相对较低,星期二有所升高,星期三至周末总体上保持基本稳定。在监测时段PM10与PM2.5小时质量浓度呈现先降后升的变化规律,即14∶00~15∶00,PM10与PM2.5质量浓度相对较高,16∶00左右降至最低,从17∶00开始逐渐升高,20∶00达到峰值。PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度变化与车流量和车速密切相关,温度、相对湿度和风速等气象因素对PM10和PM2.5质量浓度的变化影响也较显著。     

Spatial distribution of particulate matter (PM10) in Warri metropolis,Nigeria

This study examined the spatial distribution of particulate air pollution in the Warri metropolis. This was done to ascertain the differences between the distribution of particulate matter (PM10) in the urban area and the surrounding rural areas. To achieve this, the study generated data from field measurement of PM10 levels for the year 2003. Analysis of variance, the U-test, and simple regression statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The major finding of the study was that the Warri metropolitan area is polluted with PM10 levels of over 126 μg/m³, which is 81% over the 70 μg/m³ threshold of the World Health Organization. However the built-up area of the Warri metropolis is 150% more polluted with PM10 particulates than the surrounding rural areas. While the traffic-clogged area of Enerhen, Jakpa, Deco, and Estate Junctions are the most polluted areas with levels of 151 μg/m³, traditional areas had the lowest levels of 128 μg/m³. The daily distribution of PM10 showed that Mondays were the most polluted days with levels of 145 μg/m³ and Fridays were the least polluted days with levels of 141.5 μg/m³ in the built-up area, whereas in the rural area Wednesdays were the most polluted days with levels of 57.1 μg/m³ and Sundays were the least polluted days with levels of 53.5 μg/m³. Mondays generally recorded the highest PM10 values because of the large amount of industrial operation, heavy vehicular traffic in the peak period, and increased commercial activities. The study also showed significant variation in the level of PM10 particulates within the urban areas of the Warri metropolis with a calculated F-value (3.29), which is greater than the critical F-value of 3.14 at the 0.05 significance level. It is therefore recommended that urban environmental management policy should be vigorously pursued to curb the adverse consequences of increased PM10 levels in urban areas of the Warri metropolis.     

乌鲁木齐市区PM2．5污染特征及其溯源与追踪分析

重点研究乌鲁木齐市大气中PM2.5的污染特征,分析其质量变化浓度与各种气象影响因素的相关性．利用美国空气资源实验室的HYSPLIT模型对颗粒物进行备季节代表月份的溯源和追踪分析,为正确认识乌鲁木齐市区大气PM2.5污染状况提供重要基础数据,为以后的对比研究和制定相应的污染控制措施提供参考依据。结果表明：（1）PM2.5质量浓度的最高值出现在1月,受采暖期的影响,冬季PM2.5质量浓度全年最高。（2）PM2.5的质量浓度与温度呈负相关性,与气压的呈正相关性;在无降水的前提下,PM2.5的质量浓度与相对湿度呈正相关。（3）春、夏、秋三季PM2.5来源主要是阿拉山口、阿勒泰北部及南疆,冬季则主要来自于南疆。到达乌鲁木齐的颗粒物主要向河西走廊及阿拉山口方向移动。