共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
对我国典型农药厂遗留场地的土壤和土壤气中阿特拉津浓度进行调查,发现阿特拉津浓度超过美国环保局第9区分局"区域筛选值"。污染物检出超标点主要是由生产过程中的污染排放或泄漏造成的,超标点位阿特拉津存在沿土壤垂直剖面向下转移的趋势。以口腔摄入和皮肤接触为暴露途径的健康风险评价的结果表明,该场地存在不可接受的致癌风险和超过安全值的环境风险。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
页岩气勘探开发场地的潜在污染风险不同于普通场地,而针对页岩气开发全过程的场地土壤地下水污染风险评价研究较为薄弱。文章综述了污染场地风险评价的理论与方法,介绍了岩溶介质地下水及溶 质运移模拟的研究进展,指出由于页岩气开发场地的复杂性,基于污染物在土壤地下水系统迁移的过程模拟法(考虑岩溶通道)较适用于页岩气开发全过程污染风险评价,强调应加强页岩气开发不同生产阶段土壤、地下水 污染监测,拓展风险评价指标筛选的理论与方法。同时,应强化岩溶通道及裂隙相关参数的获取,并开展土壤-地下水耦合评价及页岩气开发全过程(勘探—钻井—压裂返排—生产)风险评价,为页岩气绿色开发提供理论指导。 相似文献
5.
根据某市连续5年生活饮用水的常规监测数据,应用EPA健康风险评价模型对饮用水中的污染物进行健康风险评价,定量评估饮水途径对某市不同人群健康产生的潜在危害。结果表明:致癌物中的砷和非致癌物中的硝酸盐分别为日均暴露剂量最大的化学物,致癌及非致癌化学物通过饮水途径对不同人群所致暴露剂量大小顺序均为:儿童成年男性成年女性;致癌物健康风险总值排序为:砷四氯化碳三氯甲烷,非致癌物健康风险总值排序为:硝酸盐氨氮氟化物硒锰挥发酚汞。某市河流型饮用水中化学物的人群健康总风险连续5年的风险值都低于最大可接受水平,不会对人体产生较大的健康危害。 相似文献
6.
南京某化工企业搬迁场地土壤有机污染调查及健康风险评价研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《四川环境》2020,(1)
对南京某化工企业搬迁场地进行了有机污染物监测,并进行了健康风险评价研究,在此基础上提出了污染物修复目标值。结果表明:该场地有机污染物超标的有苯并a芘(BaP)、1,2二氯丙烷、1,2,3-三氯丙烷、氯仿和双(2-氯异丙基)醚; 1,2,3-三氯丙烷、氯仿、双(2-氯异丙基)醚等物质存在致癌风险; 1,2二氯丙烷、1,2,3-三氯丙烷、氯仿三种物质存在非致癌风险;经计算BaP、1,2二氯丙烷、1,2,3-三氯丙烷、氯仿和双(2-氯异丙基)醚基于人体健康的修复目标值分别为0. 063 mg/kg、0. 890 mg/kg、0. 005 mg/kg、0. 290 mg/kg和0. 210 mg/kg;场地内风险最大的区域是堆桶区,生产区、办公区、厂房和储罐区未检测到超标物质;单个物质污染程度随土壤深度无明显规律。 相似文献
7.
文章结合《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》,论述了建设项目环境风险评价的内涵以及建设项目进行环境风险评价的必要性,探讨了环境风险评价在环境影响评价中的应用并举出工程实例加以阐述。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
George O. Rogers 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1997,40(1):59-80
This paper examines the relationship between perceived risk and hazard events in two communities in terms of the perception and acceptability of risk. One community experienced an acute risk event comprised of a fire at a chemical plant that resulted in a large-scale evacuation (an acute hazard). The other community was involved in a seven-year controversy over the siting of a hazardous waste incinerator (a chronic risk). While the results are broadly consistent with a learning model of perceived risk, the support is more limited than envisioned; hence, the static forces of risk perception are stronger than anticipated. 相似文献
13.
如何把环境风险预防原则确立为环境法的基本原则,一个重要的问题就是"环境风险"的界定。通过对法律意义上的环境风险进行分析,指出确立风险阈值的原因,即我国对"环境风险"的界定不清,环境风险的风险性缺乏法定依据以及不同种类的利益之间存在冲突等,进而从明确环境风险的类型、评估环境风险量度、明确责任归结三方面思考了风险阈值的确立问题。 相似文献
14.
Lawrence Busch 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2002,15(1):17-29
Today there is considerable disagreement between the US and the EU with respect to food safety standards. Issues include GMOs, beef hormones, unpasteurized cheese, etc. In general, it is usually asserted that Europeans argue for the precautionary principle (with exceptions such as the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement where ``substantial equivalence,' a form of familiarity, is used) while Americans defend risk analysis or what is sometimes described as the familiarityprinciple. This is not to suggest that EUmember countries agree on how the precautionaryprinciple should be applied; considerabledifferences exist among nations as will benoted below.In this paper I review both positionsarguing that they are best understood asvariants of the homiletics of risk rather thanas differing scientific positions. I concludethat while science must necessarily enter intothe formulation of food and agriculturalstandards, state policy, private economicinterests, and the interface between the two(e.g., when democratic states are successfullylobbied to support particular privateinterests), play important roles in determininghow particular risks will be treated. Moreover,I argue that the role of science mustnecessarily be limited if its credibility is tobe preserved. 相似文献
15.
法治国家和风险社会理念下的环境治理机制 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
面对现代环境问题,我国环境治理需要以法治国家和风险社会理念为基础进一步完善。法治国家要求立法、行政与司法的长期稳定、系统有效运作,而风险管理需要以科学技术进步为基础,对风险有及时认知和科学评估,两方面都是人类社会可持续发展的理念支撑。现代环境行政法首先强化了直接行政监管,不断加强对私权干涉的程度,而且扩展了现代环境规划制度,还创新了环境影响评估制度,同时针对现代环境问题的源头:经济上的外部性,针对性采取多种经济手段。此外在风险沟通和信息公开以及加强程序性权利上,公众参与制度进一步得到细化。这些环境治理行政手段既继承了国家传统行政机制,又都基于法治国家与风险管理理念予以补充,以更有效地、针对性地实现现代环境保护。 相似文献
16.
17.
Risk Management of Sediment Stress: A Framework for Sediment Risk Management Research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Research related to the ecological risk management of sediment stress in watersheds is placed under a common conceptual framework in order to help promote the timely advance of decision support methods for aquatic resource managers and watershed-level planning. The proposed risk management research program relies heavily on model development and verification, and should be applied under an adaptive management approach. The framework is centered on using best management practices (BMPs), including eco-restoration. It is designed to encourage the development of numerical representations of the performance of these management options, the integration of this information into sediment transport simulation models that account for uncertainty in both input and output, and would use strategic environmental monitoring to guide sediment-related risk management decisions for mixed land use watersheds. The goal of this project was to provide a sound scientific framework based on recent state of the practice in sediment-related risk assessment and management for research and regulatory activities. As a result, shortcomings in the extant data and measurement and modeling tools were identified that can help determine future research direction. The compilation of information is beneficial to the coordination of related work being conducted within and across entities responsible for managing watershed-scale risks to aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
为满足快速增长的电力需求,缓解传统化石能源紧缺及其所伴随的大气污染问题,发电过程中几乎不产生常规大气污染物的核电逐渐成为我国重要的能源战略选择。但是,由于核电站在运行过程中,特别是发生重大核事故时,产生的放射性物质可能对健康造成负面影响,发展核电仍然存在较大的争议和阻力。在此背景下,需要构建科学、完善的核电风险评估与管理体系,以保障我国的核电行业健康、有序发展。在对国内外核电风险评估研究现状进行系统梳理的基础上,分析其对核电风险管理的意义,提出了我国未来构建核电风险评估与管理体系的建议。 相似文献
19.
环境风险预测数学模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张玉青 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(1):26-29
本文基于环境风险预测分析的基本思想,应用模糊图、灰色系统、非线性回归、随机过程和可靠性系统工程理论和方法,探讨了环境风险预测的数学模型。给出了环境风险预测的双向模糊图模型、灰色马尔夫预测模型及非线性回归模型,这些模型的应用为环境风险评价和环境风险管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献