南京市“十五”期间环境空气质量状况解析

综述并分析了南京市“十五”期间环境空气质量状况,指出空气中首要污染物仍为可吸入颗粒物.南京市虽然主要工业污染物排放总量继续得到有效控制,部分污染物明显缩减,空气质量有所改善,但酸雨污染依然严重,控制和治理二氧化硫污染已刻不容缓,要采取合理科学规划,加大工业污染治理力度,同时要增强市民自我环境保护意识.     

试论环境管理

上海市的环境污染主要是由工业“三废”任意排放造成的,因此需要强有力的环境管理来促进工厂治理。环境保护工作涉及的面很广,包括规划、布局、经济、立法等各个方面,不是单纯用“三废”治理可以代替的。环境保护,从根本上来说,是要加强对环境的全面管理。特别在国民经济调整期间,国家经济力量有限,大规模地进行治理有困难,更要把主要精力放在加强管理上。     

巢湖流域水质现状及保护对策的调研报告

综述了巢湖的基本情况、历史演变以及存在的问题，回顾了“九五”期间采取的治理措施和取得的成果，提出了“十五”期间的治理计划与预期目标，通过调研，有助于江苏省今后开展湖泊治理方面的研究。     

冶金工业环境保护工作的主要体会

冶金工业环境保护工作是从1973年开始的.十几年的工作可以分为两个阶段,即:第一阶段是从1973年到1978年是初创阶段,领导虽然有一定认识,但由于环境保护是项新工作,这期间又受到“四人帮”的一定干扰,一直没有找出一条明确的、行之有效的     

提升“小康社会”环境质量综合指数的对策措施

环境质量综合指数是南京市建设“小康社会”的难点、核心指标,通过分析环境质量状况和环境保护工作的现状,提出了创建期间有关环保工作的机制、管理的重点和工程措施等对策与措施.     

“环境污染控制经济指标体系研究”课题通过省级鉴定

由浙江省科委和浙江省环保局联合下达给浙江省环境保护科学研究所的软科学研究项目——“环境污染控制经济指标体系研究”,1989年1月15日在杭州通过省科委主持的鉴定。该课题从环境保护角度和经济学原理出发,分析了浙江省和部分城市不同行业环保投资的构成、资金来源、使用流向及其投资效益,研究了浙江省“六五”期间环境污染及其破坏所带来的损失,并对1990年、1995年及2000年浙江省经济发展和环境治理投资需求作     

环境保护在学习实践科学发展观活动中的地位与作用——从环境哲学角度看学习实践科学发展观活动

环境保护是科学发展观的题中之意,科学发展观关于环境保护的论述,是党的环境保护理论的精髓。学习实践科学发展观活动,是一个哲学内涵非常丰富的课题,是十分难得的研究环境哲学的大好机遇。试点经验显示了环境保护在学习实践科学发展观活动中的重要作用。他们一方面在科学发展中通过转变发展方式,调整经济结构,解决环境难题;一方面坚持环境保护与经济发展并重,在保护环境中求发展,努力实现环境与经济“双赢”。其共性是,注重治本、注重生态、注重政策。深入学习实践科学发展观,关键在实践,要深入一线,深入调研,融人群众的实践,总结来自一线的新鲜经验。要适应新形势,了解新情况,解决新问题。在学习实践科学发展观活动中,不断提高落实科学发展观,在科学发展中,提高解决环境问题的能力,实现环境与发展、环境与经济的“双赢”。     

环境保护科技进步贡献率的测算方法及预测研究

以单位产值排污当量为目标函数，人力资本、环保投入、政策影响为投入变量，运用科技进步计量测算模型，对江苏省1980～2000年科技进步在控制环境污染中的贡献份额进行定量分析，并据此对“十五”期间科技进步贡献率进行预测。     

开拓进取勇于创新努力开创“十五”环保工作新局面

“九五”以来,浙江省环境保护事业进入了一个 崭新的发展时期,可持续发展作为一项重大战略。贯穿于经济和社会发展的各个领域。以解决流域、区域和城市环境问题为重点的大规模污染防治工作面全展开;结合经济结合调整,淘汰了一大批 技术落后、资源浪费、污染环境的小型企业 ;“ 一控制双达标”各项任务的完成,为全省实施“碧水、蓝天、绿色”三大环保工程打下了坚实的基础;生态示范区的建设促进了各地经济和社会的发展。经过5年努力,全省环境污染和生态破坏坏加剧的趋势得到了基本控制,部分城市和地区的环境质量有所改善,全省环境质量在经济总量年均增长10％以上的情况下总体上保持稳定,环境保护 工作取得了较大进展,实现了“九五”环境保护 计划所确定的主要目标任务,为全省经济持续、快速、健康发展作出了积极的贡献。同时,我们还要看到环境形势 依据严峻,工作中仍有不足之处。工业结构性污染未根本解决,生活和农业农村面源污染突出,局部区域和流域污染严重,城市环境基础设施建设滞后,环境保护机构薄弱,环保投入仍然不足,一些地方领导和干部的思想观点落后,不能适应形势和生产力发展的要求。     

党的执政能力建设与环境保护——学习十六届四中全会决定的体会

阐述了环境保护与党的执政能力建设的内在联系。论述了加强环境保护是增强“党的领导能力”的题中之意；加强环境保护是“坚持把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务，不断提高驾驭社会主义市场经济的能力”的重要内容；环境保护关系到社会和谐与国家安全。环境保护工作者应全面分析和妥善应对来自各方面的机遇和挑战，促使环境发展矛盾由“两难”向“双赢”转化，走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展之路。     

关于编制“十二五”环保规划的思考

围绕新形势下创建环保工作新道路这一主线,抓住十二五时期重大环境问题做了深刻思考,提出编制十二五环保规划应建立六个机制,即环境现状的评估机制、总量控制的扩项机制、污染减排的拓展机制、专项规划的环评机制、规划项目的筛选机制、规划执行力的保障机制,对基层工作具有借鉴作用。     

推进城乡一体化统筹经济和环境协调发展

论述了加速城乡一体化建设过程中,加强环境保护工作的紧迫性;提出了以优美乡镇创建为抓手,生态县(市)、生态省建设为载体,整体推进环境保护工作,从而推动城乡一体化进程。     

Biotic and abiotic degradation of illicit drugs, their precursor, and by-products in soil

This study presents the first systematic information on the degradation patterns of clandestine drug laboratory chemicals in soil. The persistence of five compounds - parent drugs (methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)), precursor (pseudoephedrine), and synthetic by-products N-formylmethylamphetamine and 1-benzyl-3-methylnaphthalene) - were investigated in laboratory scale for 1 year in three different South Australian soils both under non-sterile and sterile conditions. The results of the degradation study indicated that 1-benzyl-3-methylnaphthalene and methamphetamine persist for a long time in soil compared to MDMA and pseudoephedrine; N-formylmethylamphetamine exhibits intermediate persistence. The role of biotic versus abiotic soil processes on the degradation of target compounds was also varied significantly for different soils as well as with the progress in incubation period. The degradation of methamphetamine and 1-benzyl-3-methylnaphthalene can be considered as predominantly biotic as no measureable changes in concentrations were recorded in the sterile soils within a 1 year period. The results of the present work will help forensic and environmental scientists to precisely determine the environmental impact of chemicals associated with clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories.     

环境监测在环境影响评价中的作用分析

在新时期,环境保护工作的发展面临着新的机遇和挑战。环境监测贯穿于整个环境影响评价体系之中,即环境影响评价中的评价初期、建设期、运行期以及后评价期,均需环境监测数据来支撑,因此,环境监测是环境影响评价的技术基础,同时还具有较强的监督功能。     

Assessment of air quality benefits from national air pollution control policies in China. Part I: Background,emission scenarios and evaluation of meteorological predictions

Under the 11th Five Year Plan (FYP, 2006–2010) for national environmental protection by the Chinese government, the overarching goal for sulfur dioxide (SO₂) controls is to achieve a total national emissions level of SO₂ in 2010 10% lower than the level in 2005. A similar nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions control plan is currently under development and could be enforced during the 12th FYP (2011–2015). In this study, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA)’s Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (Models-3/CMAQ) modeling system was applied to assess the air quality improvement that would result from the targeted SO₂ and NO_x emission controls in China. Four emission scenarios — the base year 2005, the 2010 Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario, the 2010 SO₂ control scenario, and the 2010 NO_x control scenario—were constructed and simulated to assess the air quality change from the national control plan. The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) was applied to generate the meteorological fields for the CMAQ simulations. In this Part I paper, the model performance for the simulated meteorology was evaluated against observations for the base case in terms of temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. It is shown that MM5 model gives an overall good performance for these meteorological variables. The generated meteorological fields are acceptable for using in the CMAQ modeling.     

Evaluation of adverse biological effects induced by pollution in the Bilbao Estuary (Spain)

The physical nature of the Bilbao Estuary (Spain) has been highly modified since the end of the last century, mainly by means of dyking, canalization, and dredging to meet the needs of navigation. Together with its industrial use, the estuary is also used for the disposal of domestic sewage. Until the completion of a sewerage plan in the year 2002, the sewage of about 1 million people and the wastes from industries will continue to be discharged into this 15-km-long estuary with a limited freshwater flow of 25 m(3) s(-1). An abrupt decrease in faunal abundance followed by defaunation characterized the biotic response to the disturbance in almost three-quarters of its tideway. Relationships between biotic and environmental variables were investigated using the BIO-ENV procedure of the PRIMER computer package. Gross organic enrichment, water oxygen depletion and anaerobic sediment conditions appear to be the dominant anthropogenic influences on the Bilbao Estuary. It is concluded that the level of wastewater discharges into the estuary may substantially drop below that concentration which assures the protection and propagation of native heterotrophic resources within sediments. Biological monitoring is thus essential to assess the efficacy of the sewerage plan promoted by the local Water Authority.     

Evaluation of the effects, on canopy arthropods, of two agricultural management systems to control pests in olive groves from north-east of Portugal

This study aims to investigate the effect of management regime on canopy arthropod community of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Field studies were performed in two successive years, 2002 and 2003, in two olive groves, one under organic farming and the other under integrated protection. The integrated protection grove was sprayed once a year in June, with dimethoate, to control the anthophagous generation of the olive moth, Prays oleae (Bern.). From April to November of each year, the canopy arthropods were sampled weekly. PRC method was used to analyse the effect of management regime at the community level and results showed that taxa responded differently to insecticide application suggesting that the organic grove was a more suitable habitat for the arthropods than the integrated protection grove. Abundance of arthropods peaked in May and June for both years but, after spraying with dimethoate, decreased significantly in integrated protection grove, recovering very slowly thereafter. Psocoptera, Miridae, Formicidae and Coccinellidae were the most sensitive taxa to insecticide application. Their decreasing in abundance was more evident in the second year of the trial. On the other hand chrysopids showed some tolerance to insecticide applications. These results suggest that the timing of spray is of utmost importance in reducing the side effects of spraying on beneficial arthropods. Moreover, differences in population susceptibility as well as in life cycle patterns must be considered.     

Evaluation of mercury emissions to the atmosphere from coal combustion,China

Mercury emissions from the coal smoke is the main source of anthropogenic discharge and mercury pollution in atmosphere. The calculated total amount of mercury emissions of China in 1995 is approximately 213.8 tonnes, which accounts for c. 5% of estimated total global discharge of 4000 tonnes in the same period. From 1978 to 1995, total coal consumption increased fourfold. Based on these data it is estimated that the mercury emissions will increase at a rate of 5% a year, and the predicted emissions will be 273 tonnes in China in 2000. Controlling and solving mercury emissions from coal combustion are among the most important environmental tasks facing China.     

污水排放的远程监视监测系统

本文介绍了由环保部门通过电脑远程监视、监测所属企业污水排放的情况 ,并在电脑上自动记录各项监测的数据 ,当有某项数据超标时能即时声音报警的污水排放远程监视监测系统的设计方案     

Comprehensive evaluation of municipal garbage disposal in Changchun City by the strategic environmental assessment

Purpose

The environmental issues caused by the municipal solid waste disposal are becoming a worldwide concern.

Methods

We studied the situations both domestically and abroad by the strategic environmental assessment (SEA) approach and also conducted comprehensive evaluations of garbage disposal in Changchun City.

Results

On the basis of this study, we found that SEA is of great importance in the municipal solid waste disposal. Moreover, with the rapid socioeconomic development of Changchun City, municipal solid waste production increases on an annual basis, and thus, good waste management planning is of great significance.

Conclusions

Considering the situation of the economic development of Changchun City, garbage disposal was handled mainly in the major sanitary landfills with appropriate use of incineration technology. This plan is environmentally friendly at a relatively high degree and has met the requirements of minimum investment. It also takes into account the requirements of the development of incineration technology. Regarding environmental pollution in terms of groundwater pollution and atmospheric pollution, this plan is a feasible one by meeting various requirements with low environmental impact among the three plans discussed in this study.