大型纺织染整企业综合废水处理工程设计

针对纺织染整企业各股废水的特点,提出混凝沉淀+生化处理的工艺路线,并考虑在工艺系统中实现污泥减量。工程运行结果表明,出水水质优于《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4287-92)中一级排放标准,实现部分污水回用,而且系统污泥减量效果良好。     

纺织染整行业定型机废气污染治理与控制技术措施研究

定型机废气是纺织染整行业挥发性有机污染物排放的主要来源,对纺织染整定型机废气排放污染特征进行了分析,结合现状调查情况对定型机废气治理技术进行了介绍。为全面整治纺织染整定型机废气污染,提出了纺织染整行业定型机废气污染物排放总量核算方法,探讨了定型机在废气收集、治理和监测、监管、监控等方面的污染治理和控制技术措施。     

PFS—Mz高效混凝新技术在纺织印染废水处理工程中的应用

ＰＦＳ－Ｍｚ高效混凝新技术研制于１９８８年，并应用在南昌染整厂污水处理生产性运行中。实践证明该工艺技术先进，处理效果好，处理后水质的ＣＯＤ，色度等主要指标达到国家有关排放标准。与新技术配套的专用设备已定型生产，推广应用在江西，深圳，珠海等地的污水处理站，有较显著的综合效益。该技术１９９２年获国家环境保护科技进步二等奖。     

混凝—弹性立体填料生物膜SBR法处理染整废水

染整废水难生化降解、水质多变 ,CODcr、BOD5、色度和 SS分别为 70 0～ 10 0 0 m g/L、2 0 0～ 30 0 mg/L、30 0～ 80 0倍和 10 0～ 2 0 0 m g/L。采用原有的混凝物化处理工艺 ,出水 CODcr和色度分别为 380 mg/L 和 110倍 ,远不能达到 GB42 87—92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》。应用混凝—弹性立体填料生物膜 SBR法组合新工艺 ,具有投资少、流程短、控制方便、运行操作灵活、处理效果好、剩余污泥量少等特点 ,出水 CODcr、色度和 SS分别为 115 mg/L、6 7倍和 2 5 m g/L ,可达到国家排放标准。     

气浮-水解-接触氧化工艺处理蜡防印花废水技术

介绍采用气浮-水解-接触氧化工艺处理蜡防印花废水技术。工程实践运行表明,该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定。各项指标均可达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4287-1992)二级排放标准。     

生化法处理印染废水的工艺设计与运行

从工程实例介绍了水解酸化-生物接触氧化-混凝气浮处理工艺在处理印染废水中的应用，该工艺对CODcr去除率达到85％，BOD5去除率达90％，出水水质能够满足GB4287-92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》二级排放标准的要求。具有一定的推广价值。     

H/O工艺处理高浓度化纤印染废水的实践

对于化纤印染厂高浓度、B/C值较低的印染废水,采用H/O工艺进行处理.运行结果表明,在水解酸化池HRT=6h、接触氧化池HRT=12h的条件下,只要加强管理,定时监控,及时调整,处理后的水可以达到<纺织染整工业水污染排放标准>(GB4287-1992)中的一级排放标准.     

粉煤灰处理印染废水新方法的探讨

研究粉煤灰处理印染废水方法,包括粉状粉煤灰直接吸附处理印染废水和颗粒粉煤灰处理印染废水,并且与颗粒活性炭处理印染废水进行对比试验。粉状粉煤灰处理后印染废水COD和色度都达到了GB4287-92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》的一级排放标准,其中COD达DB21/1627-2008《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》。颗粒粉煤灰处理后的印染废水达GB4287-92的一级排放标准,但未达到DB21/1627-2008排放标准。在试验条件接近或相同的情况下,粉煤灰对COD值和色度值的处理效果均优于颗粒活性炭。     

染整行业必须实现清洁生产

染整行业实施清洁生产的重要性及其与环境保护的关系，染整行业清洁生产工艺的对策措施。     

漂染废水水解——生物接触氧化——混凝处理

采用水解--生物接触氧化--混凝沉淀工艺处理，漂染废水中的主要污染物CODcr、BOD5、色度、SS和PH值都能达到《纺织染整工业污染物排放标准》（GB-4278-92）中一级标准。     

森林与径流关系——一致性和复杂性

@论文综述国外近一个世纪以来在配对集水区研究方面所取得的结论,从水的自然属性出发,从森林变化对径流(年径流量、洪峰与枯水径流)的影响,径流响应的干扰临界值及水文恢复各方面探讨森林变化与径流关系的一致性与复杂性。森林变化与径流关系的一致性主要表现在由较长时间尺度表达的年径流量上。绝大多数的配对集水区的试验研究表明,采伐森林就会增加年径流量,而在荒地上造林就会减少年径流量。而由较短时间尺度表达的洪峰径流与枯水流量则呈现较大的复杂性和难预估性。综述表明,对径流特别是洪峰与枯水径流的定义及分析方法的不同也是造成森林与径流关系复杂性的重要原因。森林与径流关系的复杂性要求人们在研究及应用其关系时就必须有系统观,必须考虑植被、径流与其它过程(土壤变化、气候变化等)的相互作用。论文还认为尽管配对集水区试验作为一种研究方法为研究者提供了许多可靠的结论,但由于许多研究者只把集水区看作是“黑箱”Q从而对认识森林与径流关系的复杂性有一定的局限性。未来的研究应把配对集水区的试验与其它对过程的研究技术(同位素、GIS等技术)结合起来。     

机动车尾气与雾霾天气

从雾和霾形成的原因以及与机动车尾气的关系等方面的论述,阐述了机动车尾气对人体健康的危害,提出了对机动车尾气的预防、治理办法。     

真菌和细菌对染料的吸附脱色及再生能力的研究

进行了真菌和细菌共培养对染料的吸附脱色和吸附脱色能力再生的研究。结果表明，青霉菌G－1首先对偶氮染料S－119、蒽醌染料艳紫KN－B（C．I．Reactive violet 22）水溶液中染料进行快速吸附去除，菌丝对同种染料的吸附速度随菌丝培养液中葡萄糖浓度的增加而加快，吸附染料的G－1菌丝在与细菌的共培养中完成对染料的脱色降解，脱色速度受培养液中葡萄和氮源浓度影响较大，从吸附速率和完全脱色时间综合评价，以葡萄糖浓度为5g/L、酒石酸铵为20mmol/L的培养基中培养的菌丝对染料的吸附脱色效果最好，吸附在菌丝上的艳紫KN－B脱色后菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生，菌丝对100mg/L的艳紫KN－B染料水溶液可重复处理4次。青霉菌G－1对酸性染料废水处理3h，色度去除率为75．9％，吸附染料的菌丝在与细菌共培养中完成对染料的脱色，对试验所用染料废水，菌丝的处理能力获得1次再生。     

Homology and phylogeny and their automated inference

The analysis of the ever-increasing amount of biological and biomedical data can be pushed forward by comparing the data within and among species. For example, an integrative analysis of data from the genome sequencing projects for various species traces the evolution of the genomes and identifies conserved and innovative parts. Here, I review the foundations and advantages of this "historical" approach and evaluate recent attempts at automating such analyses. Biological data is comparable if a common origin exists (homology), as is the case for members of a gene family originating via duplication of an ancestral gene. If the family has relatives in other species, we can assume that the ancestral gene was present in the ancestral species from which all the other species evolved. In particular, describing the relationships among the duplicated biological sequences found in the various species is often possible by a phylogeny, which is more informative than homology statements. Detecting and elaborating on common origins may answer how certain biological sequences developed, and predict what sequences are in a particular species and what their function is. Such knowledge transfer from sequences in one species to the homologous sequences of the other is based on the principle of 'my closest relative looks and behaves like I do', often referred to as 'guilt by association'. To enable knowledge transfer on a large scale, several automated 'phylogenomics pipelines' have been developed in recent years, and seven of these will be described and compared. Overall, the examples in this review demonstrate that homology and phylogeny analyses, done on a large (and automated) scale, can give insights into function in biology and biomedicine.     

Risk and Uncertainties,Analysis and Evaluation: Lessons for Adaptation and Integration

This paper draws ten lessons from analyses of adaptation to climate change under conditions of risk and uncertainty: (1) Socio-economic systems will likely respond most to extreme realizations of climate change. (2) Systems have been responding to variations in climate for centuries. (3) Future change will effect future citizens and their institutions. (4) Human systems can be the sources of surprise. (5) Perceptions of risk depend upon welfare valuations that depend upon expectations. (6) Adaptive decisions will be made in response to climate change and climate change policy. (7) Analysis of adaptive decisions should recognize the second-best context of those decisions. (8) Climate change offers opportunity as well as risk. (9) All plausible futures should be explored. (10) Multiple methodological approaches should be accommodated. These lessons support two pieces of advice for the Third Assessment Report: (1) Work toward consensus, but not at the expense of thorough examination and reporting of the "tails" of the distributions of the future. (2) Integrated assessment is only one unifying methodology; others that can better accommodate those tails should be encouraged and embraced.     

油气集输联合站火灾爆炸危险分析与事故后果模拟

以某联合站为例,根据油气集输联合站站场功能,将联合站划分为油气处理、储运及污水处理3个单元,对各单元发生火灾爆炸事故的可能条件进行分析,并利用DNV公司的SAFETI软件对事故后果进行模拟计算,根据事故影响范围数据,提出相应的安全措施。     

装置施工和检修中法兰、垫片的更换和选择

文章对法兰、垫片泄漏对石油化工企业的安全、环保造成的威胁进行了分析，提出在设计中合理选用管道器材是保证管道和设备正常运行的关键。     

砷的污染、检测与防治

在环境化学污染物中,砷是最常见、最严重的污染物之一.随着现代工农业生产的发展,砷对环境的污染日趋严重.为了更好地评价砷污染对环境和人体的影响,介绍了砷污染的来源、对人体的危害、标准的检测方法和目前砷污染治理的现状.     

中小企业污染治理及投融资分析研究

针对中小企业污染治理及投融资分析问题,本文阐述了中小企业的发展与环境污染现状,分析了中小企业在发展过程中所造成的环境污染问题,讨论了中小企业环境污染防治所面临的资金和技术的双重困境,剖析了中小企业环境污染防治的复杂特点,提出了中小企业污染治理的投融资建议,包括发行市政债券筹集治污资金和采用污染治理的市场化模式,建立中小企业污染治理的投融资机制,加快推进中小企业环境污染的治理,进一步完善中小企业污染治理和保障机制。     

Comparison of transabdominal and transcervical CVS and amniocentesis: Sampling success and risk

A total of 2931 women randomized to either transabdominal CVS, transceirvical CVS, or amniocentesis were studied. Unless intended or unintended abortion had occurred, they had completed up to 28 weeks of pregnancy. No significant difference was seen between total fetal loss in the transabdominal CVS group and the amniocentesis group (6.5 and 6.8 per cent, respectively, SE difference = 0.92 per cent, p = 0.01). The total fetal loss in the transcervical CVS group was 10.1 per cent. After pooling our data with data from the Canadian randomized study and the American non-randomized study, the difference in risk between trans-cervical CVS and amniocentesis was 1.8 per cent (SE difference = 0.64 per cent, p = 0.8). When the number of failed procedures and those cases evaluated as infeasible for the assigned method-for anatomical reasons-are compared, the overall sampling efficacy is poorer transcervically than transabdominally.