城市产业水污染控制优化研究——以株洲市为例

针对城市产业水污染状况，应用产业结构和工业行业结构优化模型，试图找出城市产业结构调整方法。研究以株洲市为例，根据株洲市产业结构和行业结构特点对模型进行改进和最优化计算。计算结果表明，产业和行业生产用水的调整可以减少废水排放量和实现经济增长。在此基础上，提出了株洲市产业和行业凋整方案，以期实现城市经济发展与环境保护协调发雇。     

城市产业水污染控制优化研究--以株洲市为例

针对城市产业水污染状况,应用产业结构和工业行业结构优化模型,试图找出城市产业结构调整方法.研究以株洲市为例,根据株洲市产业结构和行业结构特点对模型进行改进和最优化计算.计算结果表明,产业和行业生产用水的调整可以减少废水排放量和实现经济增长.在此基础上,提出了株洲市产业和行业调整方案,以期实现城市经济发展与环境保护协调发展.     

Influence of industrial heavy metal pollution on soil free-living nematode population

The effect of distance from a heavy metal pollution source on the soil nematode community (trophic structure, sex structure, and taxa composition) was investigated along a 15-km transect originating at the Almalyk Industrial Complex, Uzbekistan (pollution source). The soil nematode community was exposed to heavy metal influence both directly and through soil properties changes. Pollution effect on the density and biomass of soil free-living nematodes was found to be highest at pollution source, with fungivores and plant parasites dominating at the upper and deeper soil layers next to the pollution source. These groups decreased along the transect, yielding domination to bacteria- and fungi-feeders. The sex ratio of nematode communities was found to be dependent on heavy metal pollution levels, with the juveniles being the most sensitive nematode group. The Maturity and modified Maturity Indices, reflecting the degree of disturbance of the soil ecosystem, were found to be the most sensitive indices.     

Interaction between air pollution and meteorologicalparameters in Erzurum, Turkey

In recent years, the rapid increase in population density has caused increases in the consumption of fuel, and the outdoor air quality has deteriorated in the crowded urban areas of Turkey. Erzurum, a city in the eastern part of Turkey, is influenced by air pollutants such as SO₂ and suspended particles. It is known that, in general, the air pollution concentrations have a close relationship with meteorological factors. In this study, the relationship between outdoor air quality data and meteorological factors, such as wind speed, rainfall, temperature, sunshine hours and relative humidity, is statistically analysed, using the code SPSS. According to the results obtained through multiple linear regression analysis, there are moderate levels of correlation between SO₂ and particle concentrations and meteorological factors in Erzurum.     

Top-runner incentive scheme in China: a theoretical and empirical study for industrial pollution control

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pollution control policies have achieved remarkable results in China. However, industrial firms still lack enthusiasm for technological innovation to...     

Slow growth of Empetrum nigrum in industrial barrens: combined effect of pollution and age of extant plants

We studied the impact of industrial pollution on population demography (age structure), growth and reproduction of crowberry, Empetrum nigrum L. Crowberry growing in severely polluted sites near non-ferrous smelters (at Harjavalta, Monchegorsk and Nikel) was on average twice as old as in unpolluted habitats, as indicated by the number of annual rings at root collar. Shoot length decreased both with plant ageing and due to pollution impact, while neither the proportion of generative plants nor berry production was affected by pollution or plant age. Our results suggest that death of the extant individuals of E. nigrum near the non-ferrous smelters is to a large extent explained by age-related damage of the main stem accelerated by pollution. Since vegetative propagation, seed germination and seedling establishment are hampered by soil toxicity, E. nigrum populations near the smelters continue to decline with ageing in spite of the gradual decline of emissions.     

Total SO2 emission control strategies for the management of air pollution in ulsan industrial complex

Since emission regulations in Korea concentrate mainly on the limitation of pollutant concentration in the stack gas, it is difficult to achieve a desirable air quality in a heavily industralized city like Ulsan. To ensure a suitable air quality in the future, a total emission control method is proposed with a stack height formula of H = 10.6 q^0.5, where H is the stack height (m) and q is the SO₂ emission rate (m³ h⁻¹ reduced to 0°C). The total emission permitted can be allocated to industries

• 1.(1) at an uniform reduction rate,
• 2.(2) by the formula Q = aQ_o^0.925, where Q is the emission allowed (g s⁻¹), a is a constant, and Q_o is the emission before control (g s⁻¹), or
• 3.(3) by using a linear programming technique.

The above three approaches were evaluated using the TCM 2 air quality model. In order to achieve the air quality goal set for the area, the first approach requires 38.7 % reduction of SO₂ emission from industries, the second 53.3 %, and the third 4.3 %. The linear programming method is found to be very economical, but there are some administrative difficulties in enforcement.     

Sustainable development and pollution: the effects of CO2 emission on population growth,food production,economic development,and energy consumption in Pakistan

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Population growth has been a leading driver of global CO2 emissions over the last several decades. CO2 emission and greenhouse gas emissions are a key...     

Taiwan's industrial heavy metal pollution threatens terrestrial biota

The bioconcentration levels of essential (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Sn) elements have been investigated in different terrestrial biota such as fungi, plant, earthworm, snail, crab, insect, amphibian, lizard, snake, and bat including the associated soil, to investigate the ecosystem health status in Kenting National Park, Taiwan. High bioconcentrations of Cd, Hg, and Sn in snail, earthworm, crab, lizard, snake, and bat indicated a contaminated terrestrial ecosystem. High concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Sn in plant species, effective bioaccumulation of Cd by earthworm, snail, crab and bat, as well as very high levels of Hg found in invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles revealed a strong influence from industrial pollution on the biotic community. This study for the first time presents data on the impact of heavy metal pollution on various terrestrial organisms in Taiwan.     

Residential proximity to industrial sources of air pollution: interrelationships among race, poverty, and age

This study builds on earlier work investigating statistical relationships between sociodemographic characteristics of populations and their residential proximity to industrial sources of air pollution. The analysis uses demographic data from the 1990 U.S. Census and industrial site data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s 1990 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). The focus is on examining interactions among race (African Americans and Whites), poverty (above and below household poverty threshold), and age (children from birth to 5 years of age and elderly people 65 years old or older). Results from three different study areas (Kanawha Valley in West Virginia, the Baton Rouge-New Orleans Corridor in Louisiana, and the greater Baltimore metropolitan area in Maryland) suggest there are important interactions among race, poverty, and age that are likely to have consequential ramifications for efforts aimed at investigating issues related to environmental justice. Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of all demographic groups studied live within a mile of the nearest facility, with values ranging from 22% of Whites above poverty in the Baton Rouge-New Orleans Corridor to 60% of African Americans below poverty in Baltimore. Likewise, a substantial proportion of all demographic groups also live within 2 miles of four or more industrial facilities, with values ranging from 16% for Whites above poverty in the Corridor to 70% for African Americans below poverty in Baltimore. In all three study areas, African Americans were more likely than Whites to (1) live in households with incomes below the household poverty line, (2) have children 5 years of age or younger, (3) live closer to the nearest industrial emissions source, and (4) live within 2 miles of multiple industrial emission sources. Findings indicate that, compared with White children, a substantially higher proportion of African-American children 5 years of age or younger lived in poor households that were located in relatively close proximity to one or more industrial sources of air pollution.     

天津市工业污染物排放特征及其成因的研究

基于1992—2008年天津环境经济数据,采用环境库兹涅茨曲线模型,建立了天津工业污染物排放与经济增长的科学评价模型,与典型的倒U型环境库兹涅茨曲线不同,天津工业污染物排放模型有三次函数模型和指数函数模型,目前工业废气排放量和工业固体废物产生量处于上升趋势,而工业废水中的COD、工业烟尘和工业粉尘排放量出现下降趋势。通过计算工业污染物排放及其影响因子之间的灰色关联度,定量剖析1992年后天津工业污染物排放的库兹涅茨曲线的成因。结果表明,天津市环境污染变化的主要影响因子包括工业总产值、国际贸易(外商直接投资)、能源消费、城市发展、工业污染治理、环境科研投入以及排污费征收。     

水污染控制规划与GIS

在水污染控制规划中,总量控制是新手段,概率模型是新方法,ＧＩＳ是新工具。利用上述新手段,新方法和新工具,系统地介绍了水污染控制规划,初步探索了基于ＧＩＳ的水污染控制规划的实施途径。