Damage to structures due to liquefaction in the Japan Sea earthquake of 1983

A strong earthquake of magnitude of 7.7 hit the northeast part of Japan on 26th May 1983. Because 100 persons were killed by tsunami, the disaster created a sensation throughout Japan, but there was also a large amount of damage to structures due to the earthquake. Highways, railways, bridges, harbours, levees and private houses were damaged severely in Aomori and Akita prefectures. A great portion of the damage was caused by liquefaction of sand.
This is a prompt report of earthquake damage to structures due to liquefaction. The paper describes general aspects of the damage to structures, with some typical examples are mentioned in more detail. Preliminary results of investigation after the earthquake are also presented to describe the liquefaction phenomena in the earthquake.     

Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes: the 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan

The idea of pre-impact recovery planning has recently been promoted by researchers and practitioners, but very little research has been done to evaluate its effects on disaster recovery. This study compared two jurisdictions — the city of Los Angeles, California and Taichung county in Taiwan — in their recovery from earthquakes. Although the two cases also differ with respect to variables other than the presence of pre-impact recovery plans, the available data suggest that having a pre-impact recovery plan facilitates housing reconstruction and allows local officials to make more effective use of the window of opportunity after disaster to integrate hazard mitigation into the recovery process.     

泾河流域1644-2003年洪涝灾害和洪水沉积特征研究

通过对泾河流域1644-2003年洪涝灾害历史文献资料的搜集、整理和分析,对该时期泾河流域洪涝灾害等级、洪涝灾害时空变化特征及其成因进行研究。同时结合泾河下游洪水沉积剖面,对该时期洪水特征进行分析。研究表明:泾河流域1644-2003年发生洪涝灾害总计165次,平均每2.18年发生一次。主要以中度涝灾为主,其次为大涝灾,轻度涝灾和特大涝灾发生次数较少。1644-2003年,泾河流域的洪涝灾害总体呈现不断增加的特点,泾河流域洪涝灾害发生频次最高的是在1894-1953年,发生频次最低的是在1644-1723年。泾河流域发生的165次洪涝灾害中,上游发生的洪涝灾害最多,其次为下游,中游最少,上、中、下游同时发生的洪涝灾害为4级特大涝灾。不同阶段气候的冷暖干湿变化和人类活动对泾河流域植被的破坏是泾河流域发生洪涝灾害的主要原因。1644-2003年的洪涝灾害在泾河下游形成了2.56 m厚的河漫滩洪水沉积剖面,该剖面沉积层主要由特大涝灾、部分大涝灾和中度涝灾形成,剖面记录的洪水频次比历史文献记录的洪水频次要明显少。     

"How near were we to Ruine": the effects in England of the earthquake of 8th September 1692

This paper attempts to Illustrate some of the advantages and disadvantages of using contemporary evidence in the study of historical seismicity. The event considered here is doubly significant—it was a large event by British standards, as well as arguably the best documented earthquake to have occurred before the mid-eighteenth century. At a time when an interdisciplinary approach to historical seismicity is still in its infancy this paper identifies those areas where the available sources can assist in the evaluation of early macroseismic data.     

加强综合灾害风险研究,提高迎对灾害风险能力——从第6届国际综合灾害风险管理论坛看我国的综合减灾

综述了第6届国际IIASA-DPRI综合灾害风险管理论坛的主要内容，并就中国综合灾害风险管理对策提出了具体的建议。本届论坛的主题是：风险与商业和产经界面临的挑战。论坛除主题报告外，共设置了16个分会场，就综合灾害风险信息共享平台（DRH）的建设、产经界如何迎对灾害风险、地震与洪水灾害风险的综合管理、灾害风险教育与减灾意识的养成、综合灾害风险管理的理论与方法论探讨，以及土耳其国家综合灾害风险管理的经验与教训等进行了深人的研讨。针对上述进展，从我国减灾工作现状，提出从三个方面加强我国综合减灾与灾害风险管理工作，即：各级政府在加强应急管理工作的同时，要高度重视从综合的角度完善减灾战略、规划和能力建设；全面改进产经界迎对灾害风险的能力，特别是非国有中小企业防御灾害风险的能力，以及大型国有企业灾害自保或参保机制的完善；加强综合灾害风险管理研究。     

避洪耐涝生态农业的发展方向与思路——洞庭湖退田还湖区案例研究

在退田还湖区发展避洪耐涝生态农业，是提高移民收入、脱贫致富奔小康、提高移民安置质量和拓展安置容量的重要途径。根据洞庭湖区的农业优势和退田还湖区发展高效生态农业的基础和条件，将其发展的总体方向确定为实现避洪耐涝高效特色生态农业产业化。其基本思路是：（1）双退垸行洪区面对洪水渍水重点发展耐涝性强的水生蔬菜、水生饲料及特种名优渔类产业；（2）单退垸区避开洪水重点发展粮油、林草、畜牧业等主导产业；面对洪水、渍水发展耐涝性强的水禽和特种水产养殖业；（3）蓄洪垸区避开特大洪水大力发展粮食、经济作物，突出发展草食牧畜业，积极发展水禽和特种渔类养殖业。通过发展差异性的避洪耐涝生态农业，建设具有支柱产业链特色的粮油生产基地、畜禽生产基地、林木、蔬菜生产基地，特种水产养殖基地，最终实现高效生态农业产业化。