生态城市四元主体模型的构建

生态城市作为人类的理想居住地,其构建和发展与人类的生产和生活息息相关。明确一个生态城市系统的构成主体及各构成主体在生态城市的构建和发展过程中所起的作用,对研究生态城市至关重要。通过对生态城市构成主体及发展阶段的分析研究,提出由非政府组织、政府、企业、城市居民四方面主体构建生态城市的四元主体模型设想;通过分析各主体参与构建模型的必要性和作用,阐述了在生态城市发展的不同阶段四元主体模型的演变过程。     

基于“四元主体模型”的矿产资源开发生态补偿主体研究

生态补偿是矿产资源开发中迫切需要研究解决的问题,其关键是解决补偿主体缺位和研究补偿主体之间的相互关系.利用“四元主体模型”对我国矿产资源开发的生态补偿主体进行了研究.四元生态补偿主体是指矿产资源开发企业、矿产输入区、各级政府和民间环境保护组织.将矿产资源开发分为三个阶段进行研究,第一阶段是以政府为主导的开发前预防性补偿阶段,第二阶段是以企业为主导的开发中即时性补偿阶段,第三阶段是开采后的修复性补偿阶段.具体分析了矿产资源开发三个阶段的四元补偿主体变化过程及其主导补偿主体和辅助补偿主体的关系.     

民族地区城市文化生态资源的保护利用模式

民族地区城市文化生态资源的保护利用主要有政府和城市社区两大主体。构建出四象限式保护利用模型,包括政府宰制型、政府主导—社区参与型、社区自主型、放任型4种模式,指出民族地区城市应根据不同阶段、不同状况采取相应的保护利用模式,提出政府首先应进行资源细分与区域规划,并从机制建设、法制完善、政策扶持等三个层面展开具体工作,以达到在保护中进行合理利用的目的。     

共生共荣共享视角下城市露营地发展路径研究

近年来露营经济快速发展,城市露营地表现出强劲的经济活力和创新力。然而,巨大的消费热潮导致城市露营地环境的严重破坏。梳理城市露营地的发展现状,由于多方主体的参与,促进城市露营地呈现出不同发展模式与功能集成,但是在共生共荣共享视角下也表现出环境保护不佳、发展活力不足及可持续发展受限等现实困境。基于对上述问题产生原因的深入分析,提出了加强生态环保理念宣传、多维度开发规划、促进健全跨界合作体系等优化城市露营地的发展路径。     

关于推动煤炭生产和消费革命的若干思考

从界定和归纳煤炭生产和消费革命的概念和特点出发,总结了我国在煤炭绿色开采和清洁高效利用方面的成功实践,构建了包含指导思想、革命目标、参与主体和创新体系四个方面的煤炭生产和消费革命战略框架,提出在煤炭行业积极谋划自身产业结构升级的同时,要进一步加强政府、社会力量、煤炭行业、科研机构的协同创新,共同促进煤炭产业结构升级。     

我国城市总体规划环境影响评价探讨

城市总体规划是城市发展之纲,在我国城市规划体系中占有重要地位。随着环评法的实施,我国已陆续开展了多项城市总体规划环境影响评价工作,取得了理论、方法等方面的进展和实践经验。本文根据城市总体规划的特点和任务探讨了城市总体规划环评的重点,并对城市总体规划环境影响的评价实施主体、层次深度、替代方案、承载力评价、景观影响评价、风险评价和跟踪评价等方面做了进一步的讨论。     

物元可拓法的改进及在城市环境可持续发展综合评价中的应用

根据函数单调性特点及模糊识别中最大贴近度原则,分别从距离函数和关联函数两方面对物元可拓法在城市环境可持续发展综合评价过程中存在的不足进行了改进。距离函数改进后,能够真实地反应变量与区间的关系;关联函数改为贴近度函数后,评价结果中不再出现负值,易于级别的判定。采用改进后的物元可拓法建立了城市环境可持续发展综合评价的多级物元模型,对城市环境可持续发展现状进行了综合评价,结果表明该方法更快捷,评价结果能更客观地反映城市环境可持续发展现状。     

《区域中心城市创新生态圈研究：建构、演进及评价》书评

<正>近年来,我国城镇化水平不断提高,城市规模不断扩张,区域中心城市的集聚和扩散作用逐步增强。区域中心城市具有引领、集聚、辐射、控制、影响和带动作用,对国家政治、经济、文化、社会等都产生重要影响。然而,我国区域中心城市普遍存在创新能力不足、城市管理水平不高、环境保护力度不够、科技创新水平不高、产业结构不合理等问题,尤其是创新能力不足已成为区域中心城市发展的最大障碍。自创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享五大发展理念被提出以来,创新驱动经济发展的地位被进一步凸显,逐渐成为保持国家核心竞争力的关键因素。我国经济增长方式开始向创新驱动转变,企业、高校、科研机构等创新主体为了寻求突破性发展,开始建立创新生态圈。创新生态圈的建构和演进力量来自于创新要素的共生竞合,不同创新要素既相互竞争又协同演进,推动静态、线性、机械式的创新系统向动态、非线性、有机式的创新生态圈转变,能够解决区域中心城市目前发展窘境,推进其高质量发展。     

生产性服务业集聚与城市创新——基于行业、城市规模异质性的空间杜宾模型研究

分析了生产性服务业专业化集聚和多样化集聚对城市创新的影响作用及空间溢出效应机理,并利用我国2004—2015年249个地级及以上城市面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型对其机理进行了实证检验。结果显示:生产性服务业多样化集聚不仅能促进本地区城市创新的提升,还对周边地区存在显著的空间溢出效应,而生产性服务业专业化集聚仅能促进本地区城市创新的提升;高端生产性服务业多样化集聚能促进本地区和周边地区城市创新的提升,低端生产性服务业中仅有专业化集聚能促进本地区城市创新的提升;特大及大城市高端生产性服务业多样化集聚能促进本地区及周边地区城市创新的提升,而中小城市低端生产性服务业专业化集聚能促进本地区及周边地区城市创新的提升。     

中国生态环境科技创新体系建设研究

分析国内外生态环境科技创新的发展现状,相比较国外以市场机制为导向、以企业为创新主体、政府通过政策和管辖支撑创新的体系特征,我国已形成四大类环境类科创载体,但尚未形成成熟有效的技术成果产业化机制以及市场与政策协同促进科技创新的发展模式。本文根据生态环境科技创新的强政策驱动性、技术验证放大周期长以及集成性强的特点,重点通过环境技术研发、技术成果转化、技术放大与赋能、产业拓展与推广四个方面阐述了生态环境科技创新体系建设的主要环节：环境技术的研发由以科研机构为主的传统自发性研发、企业迭代性研发和联合应用型研发组成;技术成果的转化经历挖掘发现、技术识别与判断、知识产权评估评价后进入已成立的企业或新设公司,在这一过程中,成果转化专业队伍起着至关重要的作用;技术放大与赋能旨在为有创新技术的企业提供科技创新政策、二次研发中试验证、首台套工程案例、投融资等资源的对接,以协助初创企业成长;产业的拓展与推广则通过为解决环境问题形成集成方案、孵化平台为企业背书和产业政策匹配等方式助力企业长期发展。最后从加强专业化创新平台、技术评估体系、成果转化人才培养体系建设以及疏通投融资渠道等方面对中国未来生态环境科技创新发展提出相关建议。     

INTEGRATING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM,A SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION SYSTEM,AND A PRECIPITATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Investigating natural, potential, and human-induced impacts on hydrologic systems commonly requires complex modeling with overlapping data requirements, plus massive amounts of one- to four-dimensional data at multiple scales and formats. Given the complexity of most hydrologic studies, the requisite software infrastructure must incorporate many components including simulation modeling and spatial analysis with a flexible, intuitive display. Integrating geographic information systems (GIS) and scientific visualization systems (SVS) provides such an infrastructure. This paper describes an integrated system consisting of an orographic precipitation model, a GIS, and an SVS. The results of this study provide a basis for improving the understanding of hydro-climatic processes in mountainous regions. An additional benefit of the integrated system, the value of which is often underestimated, is the improved ability to communicate model results, leading to a broader understanding of the model assumptions, sensitivities, and conclusions at a management level.     

SWOT量化分析古村落旅游可持续发展战略

目前国内普遍应用传统的SWOT分析法来制定发展战略,而传统SWOT分析法只是进行定性的分析,分析的结果过于随意和主观。本文提出结合AHP法、专家评分法和四维坐标系战略重心定位法,对传统SWOT分析法进行改进,并结合苏州太湖国家旅游度假区古村落旅游可持续发展战略制定的实例来阐述该方法的应用。     

A multi-objective location-allocation optimization for sustainable management of municipal solid waste

The location problem of treatment and service facilities in municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is of significant importance due to the socioeconomic and environmental concerns. The consideration of waste treatment costs, environmental impact, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, social fairness as well as other relevant aspects should be simultaneously taken into account when a MSW management system is planned. Development of sophisticated decision support tools for planning MSW management system in an economic-efficient and environmental friendly manner is therefore important. In this paper, a general multi-objective location-allocation model for optimally managing the interactions among those conflicting factors in MSW management system is proposed. The model is comprised of a three-stage conceptual framework and a mixed integer mathematical programming. The inclusion of environmental impact and GHG emission objectives push the output of the model tightening toward more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions in MSW management. The application of this model is demonstrated through an illustrative example, and the computational efficiency of the programming is also tested through a set of incremental parameters. Latter in this paper, a comparison with previous case studies of MSW system design is presented in order to show the applicability and adaptability of the generic model in practical decision-making process, and the perspectives of future study are also discussed.     

基于多任务阶段的复杂系统可靠性评估模型

目前工程中对可靠性评估只考虑一个典型任务剖面,且不区分分系统的工作时间,这种计算模型对最后的结果会造成偏差。本文提出了基于实验数据的复杂系统可靠性评估模型,该模型综合考虑了多任务剖面,多任务阶段和多个分系统。在此基础上,对可靠性评估流程进行描述,给出关键步骤中数学模型。最后通过一个典型案例,验证了该模型的合理性和适用性。     

湖泊蓝藻水华数字化预警系统构建探讨

构造湖泊蓝藻水华数字化预警系统是我国湖泊水环境管理的一个重要方向。本文探讨了构建湖泊蓝藻水华数字化预警系统的若干技术问题,包括：（1）数字化预警数学模式。提出需重视流域尺度的氮磷营养物和沉积动态输入以及营养物、沉积物对水生态结构动力过程的影响,建立非点源模型和湖泊生态结构动力学模型相耦合的预警数学模型模式;在此基础上提出了各种数学模型的可借鉴模式。（2）湖泊蓝藻水华预警监测技术。总结了常规水质监测的数据筛选方法,探讨了遥感技术和实时传输监测技术在水质监测中的应用模式,提出了实时监测和遥感监测需解决的技术难题和实现方法。（3）湖泊蓝藻数字化预警系统的设计。提出了数学模型系统、水质监控系统的网络化集成设计模式,提出了基于网络化地理信息系统的计算机应用软件实现模式。     

Towards a Symbiosis: Urban Development and Environmental Quality in the Taipei Metropolitan Region

Environmental quality in urban areas has become an increasingly important topic in Taiwan. Previous research involving the interrelationshipsbetween urban development and environmental quality have rarely emphasized the symbiosis between urban areas and the natural environment. In recent years, the discipline of ecological economics has applied ecological energetic analysis to evaluate the contribution of the natural environment to an urban system. In addition, system simulation also plays a prominent role in assessing the dynamic interrelations between humans, economics and ecological systems. On the basis of an ecological economics perspective, this paper establishes indices of environmental quality and develops an ecological system model to simulate the interrelationshipsbetween urban developmentand environmentalquality of the Taipei metropolitan region. Furthermore, this paper not only proposes future development alternatives and strategies, but also initiates scenarios of the Taipei metropolitan region for policy simulation. According to those results, future development in the Taipei metropolitan region should adjust the interface and mechanism between man and nature for sustainable development.     

台湾地区固体废物进出口管理

台湾地区固体废物进出口管理工作起步较早,到现在已经形成了以《废弃物输入输出过境转口管理办法》为核心、台湾地区各级环境保护部门负责具体执行的较为完善的固体废物进出口管理体系。本文对台湾地区固体废物进出口管理目标、政策法规、管理模式,以及固体废物进出口现状等进行了详细介绍,并总结得出了值得大陆地区借鉴学习的经验。     

A systems approach for the development of a sustainable community--the application of the sensitivity model (SM)

Corresponding to the concept of 'Think globally, act locally and plan regionally' of sustainable development, this paper discusses the approach of planning a sustainable community in terms of systems thinking. We apply a systems tool, the sensitivity model (SM), to build a model of the development of the community of Ping-Ding, located adjacent to the Yang-Ming-Shan National Park, Taiwan. The major issue in the development of Ping-Ding is the conflict between environmental conservation and the development of a local tourism industry. With the involvement of local residents, planners, and interest groups, a system model of 26 variables was defined to identify characteristics of Ping-Ding through pattern recognition. Two scenarios concerning the sustainable development of Ping-Ding are simulated with interlinked feedbacks from variables. The results of the analysis indicate that the development of Ping-Ding would be better served by the planning of agriculture and the tourism industry. The advantages and shortfalls of applying SM in the current planning environment of Taiwan are also discussed to conclude this paper.     

REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING STUDY FOR NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: The development of a regional water supply system for the six-county area of Northeastern Illinois is presented in this paper, including: 1) the establishment of regional water supply technical planning policies; 2) the development and utilization of a regional water supply computer model to identify the principal and secondary sources of water supply for each entity in the study area, based on an apparent cost-effective source analysis; and 3) utilization of the study results to develop for the year 2010 a suggested preliminary regional water supply system. Using the findings from task 2 above, a proposed plan for overall Lake Michigan water use through the year 2010 was also developed. The effects of the proposed regional water supply system on future water levels in the deep aquifer were also discussed.     

生态系统健康的生态学理论及其评价方法

随着社会经济的发展,人类行为对生态系统产生越来越大的影响,对生态系统健康状况的研究也引起了国内外学者的普遍关注.本文从学科发展的角度论述了生态系统健康产生的背景、定义、生态学理论,及其与环境管理的关系.介绍了生态系统健康评价的指标体系和评价方法,并进一步分析了生态系统健康研究所存在的问题及前沿性研究内容.