4种浮床栽培植物生长特性及吸收氮磷能力的比较

选取美人蕉、风车草、菖蒲和香根草4种常见的浮床植物为研究对象,对其生长特性及吸收氮磷的能力进行比较研究.结果显示,4种植物的成活率均在90%以上,移栽后60-100d为植物的快速生长期.经过4个月的生长.4种植物水面上部生物量均明显高于下部;除香根草外,其它3种植物体内的氮磷含量均呈叶>根>茎的分布;植物体内的氮、磷累积量大小依次为美人蕉>风车草>菖蒲>香根草.植物吸收占浮床系统氮去除的比例均低于40%,占浮床系统磷去除的比例均高于55%.4种植物中,美人蕉对水体中氮磷的吸收能力最强,可以将其作为三峡库区次级河流的浮床栽培植物进行推广.     

Mercury uptake and effects on growth in Jatropha curcas

The use of metal-accumulating plants for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils is gaining more attention. Mercury(Hg)-contaminated soils from historical gold mines represent a potential risk to human health and the environment. Therefore, Jatropha curcas plant, that has shown its tolerance to these environments, is a species of particular interest to implement phytoremediation techniques in gold mining sites. In this work, the behavior of J. curcas was assessed in different hydroponic cultures fortified with Hg at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg Hg/mL(T5, T10, T20, T40 and T80, respectively). After exposure,plant growth, net photosynthesis, leaf area, and Hg accumulation were determined and variables such as net Hg uptake, effective Hg accumulation, translocation and bioaccumulation factors were calculated. Accumulation of Hg in root and leaf tissues increased with respect to the Hg concentrations in the hydroponic culture, with statistically significant differences(p 0.05) among treatments. Moreover, Hg concentration in roots was 7 and 12-fold higher in average than in plant leaves and shoots, respectively. Many effects were found in the development of plants, especially related with loss of biomass and leaf area,with significant growth inhibition related to control values( 50% with treatment T5).Moreover, percentage of inhibition was even higher( 60%) with same treatment for net photosynthesis. Finally, it should be highlighted that for T40 and T80 treatments, plant growth and photosynthesis were almost completely depleted(88%–95%).     

Hormonal growth stimulation and inhibition of pupal cells of the tsetse fly,Glossina m. morsitans,in vitro

The Science of Nature -     

The effects of autophagy on vascular endothelial cells induced by airborne PM2.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct toxicity of PM2.5 collected from Beijing on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). A Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8) assay demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dosedependent manner. We also found that PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in HUVECs, as evidenced by:(1) an increased number of double-membrane vesicles;(2) enhanced conversion and punctuation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3); and(3) decreased levels of the selective autophagy substrate p62 in a time-dependent manner.Furthermore, promoting autophagy in PM2.5-exposed HUVECs with rapamycin increased the cell survival rate, whereas inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine significantly decreased cell survival. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce cytotoxicity and autophagy in HUVECs and that autophagy play a protective role against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. The findings of the present study imply a direct toxic effect of PM2.5 on HUVECs and provide novel insight into the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)3 > Al2O3 > Fe3O4 > MnO2 > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

营养盐对东海浮游植物生长影响的现场培养实验

2005年6月在东海赤潮高发区通过现场培养实验探讨了NO3-N和PO4-P对浮游植物生长的影响.结果表明,在培养期间,初始浓度NO3-N 11.98 μmol·L-1,PO4-P 0.16 μmol·L-1以上时,总细胞数可以达到赤潮数量.培养期间主要优势种为米氏凯伦藻、东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻.NO3-N和PO4-P的初始浓度为23.82 μmol·L-1及 0.41 μmol·L-1以上时,东海原甲藻最大细胞数可以达到106·L-1,当NO3-N和PO4-P浓度分别增至50.34 μmol·L-1和2.32 μmol·L-1时,米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻最大细胞数也可达到106·L-1.初步判定几种浮游植物对营养盐的需求不同,其中中肋骨条藻与米氏凯伦藻要求较高,东海原甲藻次之,双角多甲藻要求最低.     

铜、硒复合污染对小白菜生长及金属吸收和转运的影响

采用土培盆栽试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了不同含量铜、硒单一和复合污染对小白菜生长及金属铜、硒吸收和转运的影响.结果表明,适量的硒（2.5mg.kg-1）可以促进小白菜生长,表现为小白菜叶片叶绿素相对含量值（SPAD）、根长、地下和地上生物量的增加,但高含量硒（≥10.0mg.kg-1）却抑制小白菜的生长.外源铜单...     

微囊藻毒素对褶皱臂尾轮虫的毒性效应和种群增长影响

 研究了微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)对咸淡水褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性效应.采用克隆培养法,通过编制生命表计算内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(l)、净生殖率(R₀)和世代时间(T),研究MC-LR的浓度在1～20mg/mL之间对轮虫种群增长参数的影响.结果表明,MC-LR的24h LC₅₀为124.87mg/mL;各实验组轮虫的存活率和繁殖率及种群增长参数均低于对照组,其中以R₀的改变最明显,对照组是实验组的2.4～3.8倍;实验组轮虫的雄体发生率是对照组的2倍以上.研究还显示了轮虫对MC-LR有较强的耐受能力;MC-LR能降低轮虫的生命周期、繁殖和种群增长率;MC-LR能诱导轮虫雄性个体的发生.     

浒苔对米氏凯伦藻生长的克生作用

研究了浒苔(Ulva prolifera)对赤潮微藻米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)的克生效应。结果表明,浒苔鲜组织对米氏凯伦藻的生长具有强烈的克生效应;一次性添加浒苔培养水过滤液对米氏凯伦藻生长没有显著的抑制作用,而半连续添加对米氏凯伦藻生长具有显著的克生作用;浒苔干粉末和水溶性抽提液对米氏凯伦藻的生长产生显著的抑制作用。实验结果证明抑制米氏凯伦藻生长物质很可能更多地存在于浒苔组织内,向环境中分泌的克生物质较少,因而克生物质的连续分泌是有效克制米氏凯伦藻生长的关键。同时,克生作用存在着明显的浓度效应,当抑制物浓度达到一定阈值才表现明显的克生作用,在阈值之上浓度越高克生作用越强。     

亚硝酸钠增强SMMC-7721细胞拮抗镉细胞毒性的研究

为了研究亚硝酸钠对肝源性细胞的毒物兴奋效应和拮抗镉诱导的细胞凋亡作用,以人体肝癌细胞SMMC-7721为模型,用3.13～3200mg·L-1亚硝酸钠作用24h,并采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞的增殖活性.结果表明,细胞增殖活性表现出毒物兴奋效应.在毒物兴奋效应浓度范围内,选取最小效应浓度的亚硝酸钠(17mg·L-1)预适应细胞24h,然后再用25μmol·L-1氯化镉处理12h,细胞增殖活性结果表明,预适应的细胞能够耐受镉损害,这种细胞保护作用可以被一氧化氮清除剂抑制.流式细胞术及Hoechst33258/PI荧光双染结果表明,亚硝酸钠预适应的细胞能够耐受镉诱导的细胞凋亡.亚硝酸钠预适应的细胞再用氯化镉处理,与单纯氯化镉处理组相比,细胞内丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高.同时,免疫细胞化学结果也显示,金属硫蛋白(MT)表达升高.总体而言,亚硝酸钠在3.13～800mg·L-1浓度范围内可促进细胞增殖活性并能够耐受镉诱导的细胞凋亡.     

盐肥耦合对农作物生长影响的研究现状

土壤盐渍化是制约现代农业发展的重要因素之一,作物耐盐度既受自身遗传性状的影响,也与土壤环境、化肥施用等方面有关。因此在改良盐碱地的基础上,制定适宜的农田施肥管理制度,成为当前盐渍土合理利用及提高农作物产量的重要环节。文章就盐肥耦合对一些作物生长影响方面的研究现状做一综述。