共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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研究了天津某啤酒厂啤酒酵母废菌丝制备的生物吸附剂对水中重金属Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附作用;另外,为了增加其实用性,对海藻酸盐固定化啤酒酵母制剂去除重金属的效果及洗脱再生条件进行了研究。结果明,啤酒酵母制剂有较好的吸附能力,5 min就可以达到很高的吸附效率。Langmuir方程可对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的等温吸附过程进行很好的描述。当pH为5~6时,Cd2+、Zd2+和Cd2+的吸附效率最大,上除率在90%以上。啤酒酵母制剂固定化后,对Cu2+的最大理论吸附量达到15.74 mg/g。用HCl可对固定化制剂进行洗脱和再生。 相似文献
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采用城市污水处理厂产生的活性污泥研究了影响污泥吸附Zn2+,Cu2+和Cd2+三种重金属离子的主要因素.在实验条件下,温度对污泥吸附重金属的影响并不显著,而体系pH值和吸附时间等的影响较为重要.活性污泥对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir模型,Zn2+则与Freundlich模型的符合程度优于Langmuir模型,Cd2+的吸附与两个模型的符合程度一致.另外,活性污泥对Cu2+离子的吸附性能明显高于其他离子,但在实验中未发现不同金属离子之间存在明显吸附抑制或促进. 相似文献
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电解锰渣中含有大量的氨氮严重破坏生态环境.实验采用化学氧化法去除电解锰渣中的氨氮.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光分析(XRF)以及可见分光光度计等检测方法,分析了电解锰渣处理前后的结构和成分,研究了电化学氧化法处理锰渣中氨氮的工艺条件.结果表明,存在于电解锰渣中含量较高的锰离子优先在极板上发生氧化反应,生成的二氧化锰对氨氮的氧化具有抑制作用.通过碳酸钠固化锰离子后,在氯离子浓度为200 mg·L-1、电压为20 V、pH值为7的实验条件下,电解锰渣中起始浓度为203.06 mol·L-1的氨氮在180 min内完全去除. 相似文献
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采用原位沉淀-空气氧化法将锰氧化物负载于大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂D001上,制备出一种新型锰氧化物-阳离子交换树脂复合材料Mn-D001,并对该材料吸附水中Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+的性能进行了深入研究.TEM、XRD以及XPS的分析结果表明,负载的锰氧化物以MnO2的形态存在.基于单一金属离子静态吸附的一元体系实验表明,Mn-D001比D001对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+具有更高的吸附选择性,在高浓度竞争离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+共存的情况下,仍能保持较高的重金属去除率;Mn-D001对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+的吸附行为符合准一级动力学模型(R2>0.99)和Langmuir吸附等温线模型(R2>0.99).在温度为303 K时,Mn-D001对3种重金属的饱和吸附容量可分别达到476.19 mg·g-1、243.90 mg·g-1及196.08 mg·g-1,优于原有树脂D001.基于复合重金属离子竞争吸附的二元、三元体系的实验表明,Mn-D001对3种重金属的吸附能力顺序为Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+,吸附能力由原有树脂D001以及负载的锰氧化物的性质共同决定. 相似文献
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重金属污染已成为全球关注的环境问题,镉、镍和锌是工业生产中常见的重金属污染. 纳米零价铁是重金属污染控制的重要环境功能材料,其改性优化工作也备受关注. 本文采用液相还原法在制备过程中添加KH2PO4合成磷酸化纳米铁(phosphorylated nanoscale zero-valent iron,P-nZVI),考察了磷酸化对纳米铁去除Cd2+、Zn2+、Ni2+的效果的影响,评估了磷酸化对抗pH、干扰离子影响的效果,并结合XRD、SEM、S/TEM、XPS等表征手段比较了P-nZVI去除3种重金属的作用机制. 研究表明,P-nZVI对Cd2+、Zn2+的去除效率均显著优于纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI),分别为79.6%、90.6%. 吸附过程以P-nZVI表面磷酸基团的吸附为主,均可用准二级动力学描述. Ni2+的去除包括吸附和还原作用,加剧了铁芯腐蚀,使其去除效率达到92.6%. 因此,磷酸化修饰能通过累积零价铁表面负电荷以加速吸附过程;裂纹结构能降低金属离子跨越氧化铁层的阻碍,促进氧化还原,提高Fe0利用率. 相似文献
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纯污泥生物炭由于其比表面积较低等导致其去除水中污染物的能力有限,需要对污泥生物炭进行改性强化其对污染物的去除.本文采用污泥生物炭负载层状双金属氧化物强化污泥生物炭吸附水中重金属.考察了金属组合,金属离子比例,负载金属浓度和焙烧温度对双金属氧化物(LDO)强化污泥生物炭(ASB)吸附水中重金属的影响,进而确定双金属氧化物-污泥生物炭复合材料(LDO-ASB)的制备方法.同时对制备的LDO-ASB进行表征并与ASB相比,探讨了双金属氧化物的负载对污泥生物炭的重金属吸附性能的影响机制.结果表明,Mg2+和Fe3+组合制备的LDO-ASB较其他金属组合具有更好的Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附能力.在Mg2+∶Fe3+物质的量比为3∶1,Mg2+的负载浓度为0.4 mol·L-1,焙烧温度为500℃的条件下制备的(Mg/Fe)LDO-ASB对Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量分别为149.72 mg·g-1和183.69 mg·g-1,较ASB的吸附能力有显著的提高.材料的表征结果显示,Mg和Fe以氧化镁和三氧化二铁的形态负载在污泥生物炭表面,负载后污泥生物炭表面粗糙,加大了细纹隧道,同时也增加了—OH官能团的含量,进而强化了污泥生物炭的重金属吸附能力. 相似文献
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以丙烯腈改性的玉米秸秆为吸附剂,对水体中的Cu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+进行吸附,用双组分竞争模型和LCA模型对实验结果进行拟合.结果表明:改性玉米秸秆对三种重金属离子的吸附能很好地符合Lang-muir方程,相关性(R2)分别为0.98,0.95和0.98,最大吸附容量分别为9.34,31.8和12.7mg·g-1;在Cu2+和Pb2+存在下,改性玉米秸秆对Cd2+的吸附受到明显的抑制,且随Cu2+和Pb2+浓度的增大抑制作用加强;在低浓度时,该吸附材料优先吸附顺序为:Cu2+Pb2+Cd2+,高浓度时为:Pb2+Cu2+Cd2+. 相似文献
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Wei XU Huachun LAN Hongjie WANG Hongming LIU Jiuhui QU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):385
The adsorption potential of FMBO, FeOOH, MnO2 for the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous systems was investigated in this study. Comparing to FMBO and FeOOH, MnO2 offered a much higher removal capacity towards the three metal ions. The maximal adsorption capacity of MnO2 for Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ were 1.23, 2.25 and 2.60 mmol·g-1, respectively. And that for FMBO were 0.37, 1.13, and 1.18 mmol·g-1 and for FeOOH were 0.11, 0.86 and 0.48 mmol·g-1, respectively. The adsorption behaviors of the three metal ions on the three adsorbents were all significantly affected by pH values and heavy metal removal efficiency increased with pH increased. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium of the three metal ions onto the three adsorbents. Results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and this indicated that adsorption of metal ions occurred on the three metal oxides adsorbents limited to the formation of a monolayer. More negative charged of MnO2 surface than that of FMBO and FeOOH could be ascribed by lower pHiep of MnO2 than that of FMBO and FeOOH and this could contribute to more binding sites on MnO2 surface than that of FMBO and FeOOH. The higher metal ions uptake by MnO2 than FMBO and FeOOH could be well explained by the surface charge mechanism. 相似文献
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The present study aims to analyse the chemical speciation of heavy metals in relation to aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Two sediment samples (from the Gulf of Aden, Yemen) were incubated under flooded conditions. In particular, the chemical forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr under the experimental conditions were studied using a sequential chemical extraction method. The pH and Eh of the suspension were measured as critical parameters controlling the fate of the metals in the environment. The results showed that the metals concentration in the different forms varied with time incubation and affected by the variation of redox potential and pH value. Also, the changes in both redox potential (Eh) and pH values had evident effects on heavy metals transformation. It is obvious that the highest redox potential affected the amount of iron and manganese in the oxides form. When the redox potential decreased to-133 and-170 mV, it caused a significant transformation of the Fe-Mn oxide form to the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. Under anaerobic conditions, the relative percentage of all five metals including the summation of four fractions (the water-soluble and exchangeable, carbonate, oxides and organic fractions) constituted 45-60% of the total amount of iron, 33-50% for manganese, 33-63% for Zn, 63-74% for Cu and 19-43% for Cr. Both zinc and copper among water-soluble and exchangeable fraction were high at the end of incubation period, this accompanied by a significant decrease in the content of the organically bound fraction. In general, the reducing conditions were more favorable for metal bound to water soluble and exchangeable fraction. 相似文献
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复合污染水环境中共存的新污染物微塑料和重金属可能发生吸附相互作用,进而改变二者的环境行为和风险。对微塑料吸附共存重金属的能力和机制研究有助于准确评估其环境风险。因此,本研究选择了3种成分结构差异较大的微塑料(5~10 μm)聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)和聚酰胺-6 (polyamide-6, PA-6),研究其对水中Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附。吸附实验结果表明,相同条件下,3种微塑料对Pb2+的吸附能力均强于对Cd2+的;对同种金属离子的吸附能力顺序为PE>PET>PA-6。金属离子在吸附位点分布不均匀的微塑料异质表面发生的多层吸附可分为快速吸附、缓慢吸附和吸附平衡3个阶段。吸附中静电作用和配位作用是主要吸附机制,PE和PET发生了离子交换吸附,而PA-6发生了相互作用更强的化学吸附。吸附机制的差异可能导致3种微塑料对共存金属离子的生物有效性、在生物体内蓄积性等的影响不同。相关研究结果可为进一步分析吸附对二者环境行为和生态毒性的影响提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为了探究高锰酸钾改性生物炭(MnOx/生物炭)对土壤重金属的固化效果与生物炭的差异,本文采用高锰酸钾溶液改性小麦秸秆生物炭,研究不同MnOx负载浓度、复合材料添加量和固化时间对MnOx/生物炭复合材料固化土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu性能的影响及其机理。结果表明,锰氧化物负载能够显著增加生物炭表面的羟基、羧基和酚羟基等官能团的数量。土壤毒性浸出液(TCLP)中重金属浓度变化表明,当固化剂添加量为1%时,MnOx/生物炭对土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu固化效果是未改性生物炭的2—4倍;在相同固化时间内,MnOx/生物炭复合材料对重金属固定化效果随着添加量和MnOx负载的浓度升高而增大。MnOx/生物炭复合材料的添加可促进重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu由可交换态(EX)和碳结合态(CB)向更加稳定的锰氧化物结合态(OX)、有机物结合态(OM)和残渣态(RS)转化,从而降低污染土壤重金属的活性态比例。MnOx/生物炭主要通过吸附和氧化的共同作用,实现对土壤中重金属的高效固定。固化处理后土壤TCLP浸出液中Mn浓度均低于1.52 mg·L-1,说明使用复合材料不会造成土壤锰污染。MnOx/生物炭复合材料在修复重金属污染土壤中具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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The adsorption of copper, zinc, cobalt, lead and cadmium ions onto Colpomenia sinuosa was studied as a function of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and initial pH. In addition, desorption studies were performed. Characterisation of this adsorbent was also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Batch adsorption experimental data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Raduschkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms. The results indicated that the biosorption equilibrium was well described by both the Freudlich and D–R isotherms. Moreover, sorption kinetics was performed and it was observed that equilibrium was reached in<60 min, which could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for all heavy metals. The sorption of heavy metals onto the biomass was largely dependent on the initial solution pH. The elution efficiency for heavy metal ions desorption from C. sinuosa was determined for 0.1 M HCl, 1.0 M HCl and 1.0 M HNO3. Desorption efficiency and also adsorption capacity were highest for Pb(II). The results indicate that C. sinuosa has great potential for the removal of heavy metals in an ecofriendly process. 相似文献