北京市“白色污染”对策研究

在考察分析北京市"白色污染"现状的基础上,归纳出目前治理"白色污染"过程存在的6个问题.针对这些问题,梳理国内外治理"白色污染"经验,同时提出了"源头控制、逐步替代,宣传教育、减量使用,鼓励回收、健全网络,重修法规、强化监管,奥运期间、齐抓共管"的治理建议.     

"2009年全国生态经济建设理论与实践学术研讨会"综述

“2009年全国生态经济建设理论与实践学术研讨会”于2009年7月22日在甘肃行政学院隆重举行。围绕“发展循环经济与建设生态文明”的主题,从5个方面展开讨论;中西部地区发展循环经济的路径选择、绿色新政与绿色经济、马克思主义生态经济学和生态马克思主义经济学的联系与区别、国内研究循环经济的主要力量及低碳经济。     

Estimating the impact of the "digital switchover" on disposal of WEEE at household waste recycling centres in England

Using Hampshire County Council (HCC) as a case study, this paper evaluates and discusses the estimated impacts of the so-called digital switchover (DSO) (scheduled for 2012 in Hampshire) on Household Waste Recycling Centres (HWRCs) in England and the UK. Two public surveys of Hampshire residents were used to collect data on their preparedness for and awareness of the switchover and its implications. The survey also sought to establish the quantities of televisions (TVs) and TV related devices that are ready for the DSO. The quantities of TV and related devices that are likely to be disposed via HCC’s collection network have been established and compared to the County’s current handling capacities for waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE). Best and worst case potential net disposal scenarios have been established and the latter compared to Government projections. In addition, the potential environmental, logistical, financial and legal impacts of the WEEE arising as a consequence of the switchover have been identified and discussed. The results indicate that the majority of TVs both in Hampshire and the UK are digital ready and that awareness of the switchover is high. In contrast, most recording devices in Hampshire are not ready for the DSO. Awareness of the timeframe of the event remains modest however and about half of Hampshire households were not aware that TV recording devices will be affected by the switchover. A significant proportion of waste TVs and related equipment would be taken to HWRCs in contrast to smaller items such as remote controls that would more likely be disposed with normal household waste. Projected figures for the DSO year show that if Hampshire maintained its current collection capacity for WEEE it would experience a handling shortfall of around ∼100 K for TVs and recording devices, respectively. The most important finding of the study is that the UK Government may have substantially underestimated the quantities of TV and related devices that will be disposed during the switchover. The potential impacts for local and national WEEE management have been discussed. The paper concludes by making recommendations to address identified issues.     

Time series analysis of the effects of refuse collection on recycling: Taiwan's "Keep Trash Off the Ground" measure

The state of recycling in Taiwan has seen significant achievements due to various recycling policies implemented by environmental agencies in recent years. These policies include the "Keep Trash Off the Ground" (KTOG) measure, the "Four-in-One Recycling Plan", the per-bag trash collection fee and mandatory garbage sorting. An important question worthy of study is which of these policies has had a more pervasive and critical impact on the outcome of recycling. For example, there is evidence that the KTOG measure made it more convenient for people to begin recycling. This study therefore first analyzed the monthly data over the past decade on the amounts of recyclables in Taiwan's three major cities. By examining time series plots and employing an analysis of the time series intervention model, we can better understand the extent of the effects of the KTOG measure on these cities' amounts of recyclables. The same effects were also analyzed for the mandatory garbage sorting policy and the per-bag trash collection fee. Results show that the KTOG measure, essentially a change in refuse collection practice, presented consistent and significant effects on these cities' amounts of recyclables. It is suggested that the key to improving participation in a recycling program in waste management is for techniques to be tailored to actual settings in a way that facilitates citizen cooperation.     

完善我国废旧家电回收体系——兼评家电“以旧换新”政策的回收策略

家电"以旧换新"政策出台的重要目标之一,就是构建我国规范性的废旧家电回收系统,以配合《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》的实施。我国现有废旧家电的回收体系是以民间回收系统为主导,虽然存在环境污染严重等问题,但契合了我国废旧家电回收的特性和国情,具有极强的生命力与竞争性。构建一套可行的废旧家电规范化回收体系,必须立足我国国情,以现有回收体系为基础,进行相应的规范化改造和完善。     

"白色污染"综合治理探究--以青岛市为例

"白色污染"给自然界带来了"视觉污染"和"潜在的危害",如焚烧它们会释放有毒气体,发电机组吸入它们影响运转等.随着社会经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的提高,塑料制品需求量日益增加,造成"白色污染物"的排放量猛增.为此一些专家把"白色污染"列为继水污染、大气污染后的第三大社会公害污染,已经到了非彻底治理不可的程度.但如何治理是一个比较棘手的问题,分析了我国塑料制品的发展情况和"白色污染"的现状,认为"白色污染"屡禁不止的主要原因是缺乏相关的经济补偿政策和管理不力.废旧塑料回收再利用是解决"白色污染"的最重要途径,可以使之资源化、减量化、无害化.同时就如何开展回收利用提出了一些建议,以期能够有效缓解或根治"白色污染".     

认真学习、深刻理解、坚决贯彻<清洁生产促进法>

《清洁生产促进法》既将正式实施，为帮助读者理解该法的内涵，介绍了制订该法的意义、法中规定的政府的责任、企业的义务以及企业实施清洁生产的优惠政策和违法的罚则。     

构建“水-煤-碳”体系 优化煤化工发展

分析了煤化工行业发展的现状及趋势,提出我国现代煤化工发展瓶颈主要是产业发展存在技术风险、产业发展与资源环境的矛盾突出及面临碳减排压力,并提出通过合理构建"水-煤-碳"三大约束指标体系,引导煤化工实现有序发展。     

造纸“三废”联合烟气治理技术

结合华丰纸业有限公司和轻华热电有限公司的生产实际，介绍了利用造纸废浆、废渣掺入煤中进行炉内脱硫，废水喷入烟道进行炉后脱硫的联合治理技术，并进行了效益分析。     

《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》探析及应对

<废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例>的施行,将填补我国废弃电器电子产品回收处理的法规空白,对发展循环经济,克服资源短缺对中国经济发展的制约具有十分重要的意义.对条例要点进行梳理,并提出相应配套和应时措施.     

《循环经促进法》的主要制度

<循环经济促进法>已于2009年1月1日起施行,标志着我国循环经济法制建设迈出了关键的一步.为了更好地理解贯彻这部重要法规,从"循环经济发展规划制度"、"总量调控制度"、"循环经济的评价指标体系和考核制度"、"以生产者为主的责任延伸制度"、"重点企业监督管理制度"、"循环经济产业政策"、"激励措施"等7个方面对<循环经济促进法>的主要内容进行了阐述和解读.     

青岛市完善循环经济产业链——解决历史遗留“五大废渣”难题

困扰青岛市的环境污染难题"五大渣"--铬渣、白泥、钢渣、粉煤灰、电石泥,通过发展循环经济,不但成功解决了污染问题,并且在钢厂、碱厂、化工厂、发电厂和建材厂之间,建立了以废物为纽带的具有青岛特色的跨行业、区域性的循环经济发展模式,为老工业基地的经济结构调整,落实青岛市战略发展规划打下了很好的基础.     

"先污染后治理"的成因及解决对策

分析了“先污染后治理”现象在我国规模发生的主要原因，提出了避免“先污染后治理”的对策，着重强调从微观入手，重点发展环保型技术、实现控污，治污技术内部化。     

Impact of DOM from composted "alperujo" on soil structure, AM fungi, microbial activity and growth of Medicago sativa

Water-soluble extracts from compost may represent an alternative nutrient and organic matter source for crop production under drip irrigation. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), extracted from composted "alperujo", the main by-product from the Spanish olive oil industry, was applied to soil alone or in combination with either Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith or a mixture of G. intraradices, Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss. and Menge) and Glomus mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe. Response measurements included mycorrhizal colonisation, nutrient uptake and growth of Medicago sativa and microbiological and physical properties in the rhizosphere. Dissolved organic matter was added to soil at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 or 300mgCkg(-1) substrate. During the four months of the experiment, the plants were harvested three times. Both mycorrhizal inoculation treatments significantly increased soil aggregate stability. Only the mycorrhizal inoculations increased microbial biomass C and protease and phosphatase activities and decreased water-soluble C, particularly the mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. At the third harvest, the greatest increase in growth of M. sativa was observed in the inoculated plants with shoot biomass being 38% greater than for plants grown in the soil amended with the highest dose of DOM and 57% greater than for control plants. The addition of DOM was not sufficient to restore soil structure and microbial activity and did not affect the mycorrhizal development of introduced populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but, depending on the dose, its fertiliser efficiency for improving plant growth was apparent.     

火电厂"三同时"验收应当注意的问题

根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求，提出火电厂在验收过程中应当注意的几个问题。     

Redesigning a collection system for "small" consumer electronics

This paper establishes that the collection system within the recycling scheme for consumer electronics in the Netherlands has not been entirely successful in convincing consumers to hand in their used appliances by means of dedicated collection routes. Particularly regarding small appliances, consumers are persisting in their habit of discarding their appliances by means of the refuse bag/bin for regular household waste. Therefore, the current collection system has been unable to direct consumer behavior in the desired direction. Consequently, the layout of the current system is reviewed and redesigned in order to tackle this problem. This design effort applies the Triad model (behavioral model) in the analysis stage and the Morphological Chart method (design tool) in the synthesis stage, and results in a concrete proposal for a new system. Finally, the applicability of this design approach beyond the specific circumstances of the case study presented in this paper is discussed. This case represents only one example of the broader, worldwide challenge to design appropriate collection systems to direct consumer behavior in desired directions. It is argued that the approach presented in this paper could be a valuable contribution to research dealing with this challenge.