纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero valent iron,nZVI)具有还原能力强、便于回收等优势,是目前广泛应用于地下水污染治理的一种活性纳米材料.然而,nZVI易被空气氧化失活及其储存难等问题严重地限制了其应用.为增强nZVI抗氧化能力,本文首次采用丙酮(acetone)对新制备的nZVI样品进行简单冲洗,... 相似文献
This article reports high dechlorination of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) under mild conditions. PCBs are priority
pollutants acting as endocrine disruptors, human carcinogens and environmental estrogens. Previous remediation methods involving
high temperature and pressure have drawbacks such as high cost, de novo dioxins synthesis and difficult recovery of vaporized
PCBs. On the other hand, dechlorination methods using mild conditions show the problem of catalyst deactivation. Here, activated
carbon was used for the first time as catalyst to dechlorinate 2,4,5 trichlorobiphenyl. High dechlorination, of 87%, was achieved
under mild conditions. 2,4,5 trichlorobiphenyl was treated at 40–150°C with calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sulfur
in mixed water and organic solvents. Dechlorination products were biphenyl, orthohydroxy biphenyls, 2,4 dihydroxy biphenyls
and biphenyl-2-thiol. Dichlorobiphenyl and orthochlorobiphenyls were found in trace quantities. We found that carbon particles
catalysed dechlorination by substitution reactions and suppressed further chlorination. Dechlorination at biphenyl ortho position
was preceded by substitution reaction by hydroxyl and thiol ions. Moreover, in the absence of carbon, dechlorination was lower
and substituted products were not observed. These findings may be applied at industrial scale to remediate PCB-contaminated
waste. 相似文献
We studied the chemical dechlorination of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in some dielectric oils via nucleophilic substitution
of the chloro atoms by polyethylene alkoxide. The influence of temperature, ultrasounds, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and base
type was investigated. Our findings show that dechlorination of PCBs by chemical treatment is effective at moderate temperature
(90–100°C) and is strongly dependent on the nature of matrix oil. Stirring affects the process yield by influencing the homogeneity
of the oil/glycol two-phase system. Ultrasounds can improve the process efficiency by making operating conditions less severe.
Selected article from the 6th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro organized
by Prof. Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic (). 相似文献
The toxic and recalcitrant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) adversely affect human and biota by bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food chain. In this study, an anaerobic microcosm was developed to extensively dechlorinate hexa- and hepta-CBs in Aroclor 1260. After 4 months of incubation in defined mineral salts medium amended PCBs (70 mmol·L–1) and lactate (10 mmol·L–1), the culture dechlorinated hexa-CBs from 40.2% to 8.7% and hepta-CBs 33.6% to 11.6%, with dechlorination efficiencies of 78.3% and 65.5%, respectively (all in moL ratio). This dechlorination process led to tetra-CBs (46.4%) as the predominant dechlorination products, followed by penta-(22.1%) and tri-CBs (5.4%). The number of meta chlorines per biphenyl decreased from 2.50 to 1.41. Results of quantitative real-time PCR show that Dehalococcoides cells increased from 2.39 ×105±0.5 × 105 to 4.99 × 107±0.32 × 107 copies mL–1 after 120 days of incubation, suggesting that Dehalococcoides play a major role in reductive dechlorination of PCBs. This study could prove the feasibility of anaerobic reductive culture enrichment for the dehalogenation of highly chlorinated PCBs, which is prior to be applied for in situ bioremediation of notorious halogenated compounds.
