Diversity of Television Exposure and its Association with the Cultivation of Concern for Environmental Risks

Cultivation theory claims that individuals who watch a greater amount of television are more likely to accept the representation of reality as presented on television. This study introduces the variable of exposure diversity and attempts to investigate if the diversity of television channels viewed plays a significant role beyond the amount of television viewed in the cultivation of concern about environmental risks. Data from the 2002 annual Life Style Study conducted by Synovate for DDB-Chicago was paired with a corresponding content analysis of environmental television coverage. Ordinary-Least-Squares regression suggests that exposure diversity is associated with concern of environmental risks above and beyond both the effects of the amount of television watched and individual differences, suggesting the variable of exposure diversity holds promise for further explicating cultivation theory.     

Everyday Epiphanies: Environmental Networks in Eco-Makeover Lifestyle Television

This article offers an analysis of the New Zealand eco-makeover program, WA$TED! It outlines how eco-makeover programs are an emerging sub-genre of the makeover phenomenon of lifestyle television where people and homes are subject to transformation by lifestyle experts, culminating in the revelation of the transformation at the end of the program. The article argues that the featured families in WA$TED! experience “everyday epiphanies” where they learn about their implication in existing environmental networks and they are ushered into new, more environmentally friendly networks. Drawing on actor-network theory, the article deconstructs the featured environmental networks, examining the roles of the program hosts, the transformations in the subjectivities of family members, and the functions of everyday household technologies and objects. The article argues that the significance of the program resides in the way the revelations make visible previously concealed linkages between families, everyday objects and practices, and the broader social and environmental domain.     

当代中国的环境资源法学研究

分析了当代中国环境资源法学研究的发展概况。介绍了当代中国环境资源法学研究的主要领域，总结了当代中国环境资源法学研究的经验和特点，提出了今后中国环境资源法学研究的主要问题。     

Spectacles of Labor: Viewing Food Production Through a Television Screen

This paper examines visual and narrative techniques used in representations of food production and processing in contemporary reality television programming. These include normalizing industrial labor, controlling who is given license to speak, the use of humor, baby talk and innuendo, celebrating artifice, presenting numbers without context, and venerating mechanical precision and scale. The paper argues that together these strategies help to convert productive (wage) labor into televisual free labor. Additionally, viewer feedback on these episodes (available through on-line discussion sites and constituting yet another form of free labor) provides some evidence of the ways in which readers interpret these texts, acknowledge the conditions of industrialized labor, and begin to reflect on their own food consumption practices.     

我国农村生态贫困研究

本文在界定生态贫困内涵的基础上，对我国农村生态贫困的规模作了粗略的估计，并对我国农村生态贫困的特征、形成机理和治理对策进行了分析。     

基础设施与区域经济发展环境

基础设施及其所形成的环境是人类自己营造的基础物质环境之一。是区域经济发展环境的主要组成部分。本文从四方面系统阐述了基础设施与区域经济发展之间的关系。提出了基础设施的引导与从属功能、带状经济的激发器和助推嚣等观点。分析了基础设施在改瞢生产环境与效率、空间经济集聚与扩散中的作用。以及基础设施短缺对区域经济发展的影响等。同时时归纳总结了我国土范国内已经形成的基础设施走廊的基本概况。     

The Coordination of Industrial Development and Environmental Protection in Dayawan Gulf,Guangdong Province

Abstract

On the basis of a theory of marine environmental ecology, this paper discusses ways of coordinating the economic development, environment and ecology in Dayawan Gulf, one of the centers of economic development in China as well as in Guangdong Province. Dayawan is a typical multi-functional gulf in the southern subtropical zone of China. To make a reasonable use of these functions, it is essential to define the functional zones in this region. With the priority given to protecting the precious marine life in Dayawan, two harbor industrial areas, viz. Aotou Area and Zhuanliao Area, are delimited.     

城市水环境治理运作机制构建与创新

中国实行改革开放以来,工业化和城市化推动了城市经济的快速增长,但城市水环境破坏严重。政府部门曾采取一些措施来改善水环境,但并未有效解决污染问题。由于城市水环境治理问题的重要性和紧迫性,国家科技部在武汉市汉阳区启动“水专项”寻求有效的治理模式。由于采用新的制度安排,注重科学技术与管理制度的结合,明显改善了汉阳地区的水环境。“武汉水专项”的试验显示出市场机制在城市水环境治理这类公益项目中同样是有效率的。构建更加有效的城市水环境治理运作机制既是必要的,也是可能的。构建城市水环境治理运作机制的核心是在确保水环境改善的公共目标的基础上,实现城市水环境治理投入的外部效应内部化,城市水环境治理可以成为具有广阔市场和丰厚盈利的现代服务业.     

城市水环境治理运作机制构建与创新——基于对“武汉水专项”案例的分析

中国实行改革开放以来,工业化和城市化推动了城市经济的快速增长,但城市水环境破坏严重.政府部门曾采取一些措施来改善水环境,但并未有效解决污染问题.由于城市水环境治理问题的重要性和紧迫性,国家科技部在武汉市汉阳区启动水专项寻求有效的治理模式.由于采用新的制度安排,注重科学技术与管理制度的结合,明显改善了汉阳地区的水环境.武汉水专项的试验显示出市场机制在城市水环境治理这类公益项目中同样是有效率的.构建更加有效的城市水环境治理运作机制既是必要的,也是可能的.构建城市水环境治理运作机制的核心是在确保水环境改善的公共目标的基础上,实现城市水环境治理投入的外部效应内部化,城市水环境治理可以成为具有广阔市场和丰厚盈利的现代服务业.     

Poverty,environment and economic growth: exploring the links among three complex issues with specific focus on the Pakistan’s case

Eradicating poverty, reducing environmental degradation and achieving sustainable economic growth are some of the major macroeconomic goals of Pakistan. There are, however, serious interlinkages among these issues. The present paper investigates these linkages and the existing evidence for Pakistan and other countries. The aim of the paper is to examine and test some hypotheses and answer some questions regarding poverty-environment-nexus in Pakistan. The paper uses secondary data and information to probe into these linkages. The paper finds that poverty leads to environmental degradation is a common belief but it is not clearly supported by evidence. What is more strongly supported by evidence is the fact that environmental degradation hurts more the poor. There is a need of studies that deal with the social and environmental impacts of specific factors, and a need of a better understanding of institutional dynamics. More understanding on how levels and changes in poverty relate to changes in environmental quality is needed. There is a need to understand how the levels and rates of change vary with poverty. There is a need to know how and where the changes are taking place. More research is needed on the effects of changes in the population and the dynamics of institutional development. It has been showed that low income groups are the most affected when environmental degradation occur, but not enough information available in Pakistan on the mechanisms. There is a need of empirical studies regarding effect on poor relative to non-poor. More understanding on how poor people depend on, interact with and use their environment in rural and urban areas is needed. Ideally, in Pakistan, we would need to relate data gathered in an area with socio-economic data from the same area, answering this way to questions such as, to what extent are different income groups affected by resource degradation? And, by pollution? Finally, Pakistan should apply open minded and innovative policies in order to take advantage of the many existing opportunities. Some suggestions are eco-labeling schemes, organic practices, fair trade and so forth. Very little research has been conducted in developing countries, especially in Pakistan on the issues involving poverty, environment and development. The present study is an attempt in this regard. The results of the study are expected to assume pivotal importance for policy makers, academics and other researchers. It may help policy makers how to design policy to ensure poverty alleviation vis-à-vis environmental conservation. It may also help academicians to understand the complex poverty-environment-growth nexus. It will also open new avenues for further research in this area.     

上海人口变化与资源环境效应分析

作为特大型城市,上海2008年常住人口总量已达1 888万,城市化水平也以87%高居全国首位.通过分析上海1978-2008年30年来人口变化特征及其资源环境效应表明,伴随着人口规模不断扩大和城市化水平快速提升,2008年上海居民生活电耗和水耗分别是1978年的17倍和5倍,占资源消费总量的比例也逐年快速攀升;生活废水排放量已取代工业废水成为最大贡献源,占废水排放总量的比例高达80%;生活废气排放总量相对稳定.针对上海实现可持续发展所面临的人口难题,从依据人口发展规律调整城市发展战略,通过产业结构调整带动经济增长方式转变,切实加大环保投入力度促进治污防污,进一步提高公众环保意识和企业环保责任等几个方面提出了破解这一难题的对策与建议.     

Garden/Art: The Nature-Based Sculpture Program of the South Carolina Botanical Garden

This essay discusses an art program developed to engage viewers in environmental thought through unexpected experiences. Spread over 300 acres, the 15 nature-based sculptures of the South Carolina Botanical Garden (SCBG) are creative interventions developed with local natural materials to suit their separate unique sites. Since its inception in 1995, the SCBG's sculpture program has worked with artists of national and international prominence to create a world-renowned collection of nature-based site-specific sculptures. Placed in various terrains, without explanation, visitors to the garden experience the art outside of the more common context of gallery or museum space. The sculptures blur distinctions between nature and culture, as well as disrupt the presuppositions attached to public spaces, natural spaces, and artistic expression.     

The Global in the Local: A Case Study on Deforestation in a Ukrainian Journalistic Field

It is widely assumed nowadays that in order to effectively respond to environmental challenges, humanity must cultivate cosmopolitan ethical consciousness. An important role, according to this outlook, should be assigned to journalists, who must possess a cosmopolitan sense of responsibility. How can this global responsibility emerge out of the local sense of belonging? To examine this question, we present the case study of the decision of 107495 the Kharkov (Ukraine) municipal council to cut down a local recreation forest. The content of local news and the interviews with journalists are presented and analyzed. The study shows that local patriotism appears not to be a decisive factor in forming journalists’ sentiments toward the issues of global responsibility. Rather, it is a sense of exclusion from the global community that explains the fact that no news medium under analysis has managed to relate local events to the global problem of deforestation.     

Implementing Sustainable Development Strategies

China's national sustainable development strategies were drafted under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping's theory on socialist construction with Chinese distinguishing features and, the theory and practice of sustainable development has further enriched and perfected Deng Xiaoping's theory. An in-depth study of Deng Xiaoping's theory is significant if we are to accurately understand our sustainable development program and how to best implement the strategies.     

Mapping of the geogenic radon potential in France to improve radon risk management: methodology and first application to region Bourgogne

In order to improve regulatory tools for radon risk management in France, a harmonised methodology to derive a single map of the geogenic radon potential has been developed. This approach consists of determining the capacity of the geological units to produce radon and to facilitate its transfer to the atmosphere, based on the interpretation of existing geological data. This approach is firstly based on a classification of the geological units according to their uranium (U) content, to create a radon source potential map. This initial map is then improved by taking into account the main additional parameters, such as fault lines, which control the preferential pathways of radon through the ground and which can increase the radon levels in soils. The implementation of this methodology to the whole French territory is currently in progress. We present here the results obtained in one region (Bourgogne, Massif Central) which displays significant variations of the geogenic radon potential. The map obtained leads to a more precise zoning than the scale of the existing map of radon priority areas currently based solely on administrative boundaries.     

Coordinative Development in Population,Resources and Environment—China's Central Concern in Developing Science and Technology

Abstract

Population, resources and environment constitute the basis for economic and social advances. Their coordinative development is the key factor for the continuous, stable and harmonious development of economy and society. China is a developing country which needs to mobilize the whole society to coordinate among population, resources and environment and to keep publicity and research in pace so as to deepen people's understanding and improve the methods of achieving this coordination.     

Population, environment and poverty in Pakistan: linkages and empirical evidence

This study explores the interlinkages among population, environment and poverty and presents empirical evidence in a developing country like Pakistan. It gives alternative views on population environment linkages. It explains poverty trap, market based harmony, and dual effect of poverty on the basis of a link between population growth and natural resource degradation. In addition, the paper also highlights social and political instability through population-poverty-environment spiral. It also presents empirical evidence on population-environment-poverty nexus in Pakistan. It also compares environmental sustainability index and human development index for selected Asian countries. The paper also gives scores for different components of environmental sustainability index for Pakistan and compares these with India. The paper concludes that the causal relationship between poverty and environment works in both directions, often through changes in GDP and population. Population stress does not have any significant direct effect on all aspects of environmental status in Pakistan.

The Video Rhizome: Taking Technology Seriously in The Meatrix

This essay discusses how The Meatrix, an animated criticism of factory farming, functions to entice and engage its viewers in productive dissemination. Widely distributed online, The Meatrix is often categorized with other popular new media phenomena as a viral video. This essay first argues that the use of the viral metaphor is flawed with mechanistic thinking. Second, the author introduces Deleuze and Guattari's rhizome as an alternative model. Third, The Meatrix rhizome is discussed as an intricate relationship of intertextuality, technological dissemination, and user experience. Finally, the author encourages academics and activists alike to reconsider mechanistic thinking of new media in favor of the text as an open, distributed system.